现在完成时专项

1、现在完成时专题总结一、 概念（用法） 表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 e.g. I have just had lunch. (饭已吃过，现在已经不饿了。) 表从过去某一时刻开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 e.g. They have lived in Changde since 1990. (他们从年就住在常德现在还住在常德，将来还有可能住在这儿)二、 时间状语：时间副词：already, yet , just ,ever, never, before. (常位于have / has与过去分词之间) already: “已经”用法：A一般用于肯定句：e.g He

2、has already gone home. B 疑问句，表惊奇：e.g The big pan had a baby. Have you forgotten that already?(位于句末) yet A 否定句 ：“还，尚未” e.g I havent watched the movie yet. (位于句末) B疑问句 ：“已经” Have you found him yet? (位于句末) just “刚刚” e.g Ive just tried to call you . ever “曾经” e.g Have you ever been to Yunnan? never “从未”

3、 e.g. I have never been there. before “以前，从前” e.g. Have you read the book before ?2时间短语：常和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间状语连用。 f or + 时间段 since + 时间点 表一段时间 since + 表一般过去的时间状从e.g I have been at this school since 2007. (2007年在历史长河中只是个“时间点”)= I have been at this school for 2 years. （ 2007-2009年是个时间段，有2年）I

4、t has been two days since we landed on Mars.=It is two days since we landed on Mars.=We have been on Mars for two days. 其他短语： in recent years , in the past 16 years , so far 等。三、 结构：肯定句： have / has + 过去分词 （has用于第三人称单数） e. g They have gone to Beijing. Jim has lost his bike.否定句： have / has (not) 过去分词

5、e. g They have not gone to Beijing. Jim has not lost his bike.一般问句：Have / Has+主语+ 过去分词+ ？ e. g Have they gone to Beijing? Yes , they have ./ No, they havent. Has Jim lost his bike? Yes ,he has . / No, he hasnt.四、 知识点辨析 1f or 与 since f or + 时间段： for 5 minutes, for a long time since + 时间点: since 5 min

6、utes ago =for 5 minutes since 1990 ,etc2.have/has been to与 have has gone to have/has been to （去了某地已经回来） have has gone to （去了某地还没回来）3瞬间动词与延续性动词 瞬间动词的概念：有些动词所表示的动作在极短的时间就结束，其动作持续时间短，这类动词叫瞬间动词。常见的瞬间动词有：come ,become ,join, die, begin ,borrow, buy 等。而有些动词的持续时间相对较长，这类动词叫延续性动词， 如 live ,keep, study等. 瞬间动词的使

7、用：可用于现在完成时态，但不能和表示一段的时间状语连用。若句末有时间段的时间状语，应将瞬间动词该为延续性动词。 常见的瞬间动词的变化： 瞬间动词 延续性动词come be become be begin be on borrow keep buy have die be dead join be a member of leave be away from e.g He became a doctor 5 years ago. = He has been a doctor for 5 years.Wu Peng joined the club last year. = Wu Peng has

8、been a member for a year.The fisherman bought the VCD yesterday. = The fisherman has had the VCD since yesterday. I borrowed the book three days ago. = I have kept the book for three days.4. ago 与before ago 常用于过去时。 e.g. He became a doctor 5 years ago.before 常用于现在完成时或过去完成时。 I have never seen such an

9、interesting movie before. 5. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的关系相同点：二者都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作，含义上没有什么差别，两种时态可以互相换。如：e.g. 1） I have worked in this school since 2001.=I have been working here since 2001.2） Mr. Smith has lived here for 20 years.=Mr. Smith has been living here for 20 years.不同点：现在完成时在含义上强调过去动作对现在造成影响或结果，常

10、常与already“”或ever “曾经”连用；现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，表示不间断的动作，动作具有未完成的特点，一般不与already或ever等连用。e.g. We have already learnt Unit 2. 我们已经学习了第二单元。（学完了)We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元。（没学完） 现在完成时可以表示次数，而现在完成进行时则不能。e.g. My father have been to London twice.现在完成进行时可以表示经常反复的动作。 e.g. Ive been doing morning exerci

11、ses for years. (几年来我一直做早操6现在完成时和过去时态的区别：见书P98 现在完成时专练I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I _already _(see) the film. I_see) it last week.2. _he _(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. _you _ (be) to Hong Kong? Yes, I _ (be) there twice.4. _ you ever _ (eat ) chocolate sundaes （圣代）? No, never.5.My father _just _(come) b

12、ack from work. He is tired now.6. Wheres Li Ming? He _ (go) to the teachers office.7.Shanghai _(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _(become) a large city.8.I_ (work) here since I _(move) here in 1999.9.So far I _ (make) quite a few friends here.10. How long _the Wangs _(stay) here ? For

13、two weeks. II. 句型转换1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)I _ _been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就划线部分提问) _ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)_ _ learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)I _ just _ a new bike. 5. We beg

14、an to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句)We English three years.III. 填入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabels Restaurant last night. Diana： No, it wasnt me. I never there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, arent they? Where they ?Sue：To Florida, again.Sam： How many ti

15、mes they there?Sue： This is their third visit.3. Joe： Can I have an apple, please?Mary： We havent got any. I not to the shops today.4. Alan： Wheres Tony? Mary： Hes got a headache so he to bed.5. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： Shes out, Im afraid. She to the cinema IV. 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has be