细胞器中英资料对照

1、 'plæzm  'membren 1. cell membrane(plasma membrane) 细胞膜It is the skin around the cell. the main function of a cell membrane is to function'bandri边界as  a boundary between the cell and its environment .It controls what goes into and out of the cell. 'sat,sl2. c

2、ytosol 细胞质基质 kn'tend 含有Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane within which is contained a complex 'flud液体fluid called the cytosol. ,g'anelles细胞器 s'spnd 悬浮 'sp'lazd特化的Suspended in the cytosol are numerous specialized membrane-bound（膜约束的） structures called organel

3、les.Organelle means "little organ". It is a subunit(亚单位) within a cell that has a specific function. 'satoplæzm4. cytoplasm细胞质The cytosol together with the organelles make up the cytoplasm.mato'kndrr5. Mitochondria线粒体（复数）Nickname: “The Powerhouse”动力室，发电站 kn'snd与有关Mito

4、chondria are rod-shaped （ 杆状的）organelles concerned with energy 'robk需氧的 ,rsp'ren呼吸作用 'k发生production. Much of the process of aerobic respiration（有氧呼吸） occurs within ,mato'kndrn （线粒体单数）the mitochondria. Each mitochondrion consists of （由组成）an outer smooth fold折叠的membrane and an inn

5、er folded membrane. the biochemical reactions （生化反应）of aerobic respiration take place in the mitochondria and they release chemical energy in the form of ATP ,ndo'plæzmk  r'tkjlm 'nk'nem绰号6. endoplasmic reticulum内质网 Nickname: “Roads” 大量的 k'stnsvReticulum means netw

6、ork and the endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive  'flætnd平整的sæk囊network of flattened sacs that extend throughout the cell. the endoplasmic   'nukl  细胞核的 'envlp包膜，信封reticulum (ER) are often continuous with the nuclear envelope（核膜nuclear membrane） and the gol

7、gi body.lan排列linerough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) has ribosomes lining it and is involved with （与什么有关）protein synthesis as a transport system。smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) lacks ribosomes it is involved with the 'lipidz脂类synthesis and transport of lipidsA second type of endoplasmic reticul

8、um also occurs within the cytosol. Unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum, there are no ribosomes associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum consists of a system of 'stiridz 类固醇 脂肪酸branching tubes and is concerned with the synthesis of steroids and fatty acids

9、.  'rabsom7.ribosomes核糖体 Nickname: protein factories std镶有 Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes which are the sites of 'prtin 'snss合成protein synthesis（蛋白质合成）. Free ribosomes are also found within the cytosol. ribosomes are made of rRNA and protein they consist

10、of one large and one small sub-unit(亚基，单元)Rough endoplasmic reticulum provides a transport system for newly synthesised   nlf吞没   'kævti腔proteins. Proteins are synthesised at the ribosomes and engulfed into the cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum. Newly synthesised proteins are

11、transported to different parts of the cell. æprets8. Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Body高尔基体 Nickname: Post office'mdifaid修饰的Proteins and lipids are modified and packaged within the Golgi Apparatus in preparation for distribution within the cell or export from the cell. Materials are concentrated

12、 and packaged into vesicles that appear as pinched off portions of  'vskl囊泡 'sætlat卫星、随从the Golgi body. The vesicles form a satellite around the stacked membranes. s'kritri分泌的（分泌细胞）Secretory cells possess well developed Golgi Bodies. The Golgi Apparatus is  ,krbo'

13、hadret  碳水化合物；糖类highly developed in cells secreting proteins or complex carbohydrates（多糖）.'klr()plæst 9.chloroplasts  'ovl椭圆形的Many plant cells possess large, oval-shaped organelles called chloroplasts . The  ,foto'snss光合作用chloroplast is the organelle in which photosyn

14、thesis takes place producing r'gænk有机的sugars and other organic nutrients for the cell . The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis10.vacuole液泡 'vækjuolthe vacuole is a large fluid filled （充满液体的）sac containing cell sap（细胞液）.'knsntretd 浓缩的 s'lun 溶液Cell sap is a c

15、oncentrated solution of a variety of chemicals including sugars, mineral salts and enzymes . The vacuole functions as a storage region for the cell 'vljum体积，容积and plays a major role in controlling cell shape and volume .'lassm溶酶体 kru人员，组11.lysosomes Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”清洁小组 da'dstv 'nzamlysosomes cont