与房屋有关英语词汇

1、与房屋有关的词汇 House（房子）semi-detached house 半独立式房子（一栋房子从中间隔开，成为两户人家，花园也用篱笆隔开） detached house 独立式房子(一家拥有) terraced houses/ row houses 连栋房屋(互相连接的一排房屋；两幢之间只有一层墙壁相隔) fence 篱笆 front door 房子前门 garage 车库 driveway 车库通向马路的空地 Flat/Apartment (公寓) block of flats 公寓楼ground floor 第一层 first floor 第二层 lift/elevator 电梯 st

2、airs 楼梯 steps 楼外的台阶 balcony 阳台 Renting (租房) 你如果打算租房子，不妨进来看一下这一段对话，看房的时候就知道跟房东说什么了 。 landlord 房东 rent 房租 House Leasing Contract 房屋合同 deposit 定金furnished house/ apartment有家具的房子/公寓 unfurnished house/ apartment 无家具的房子/公寓 a vacant room/ a spare room 空房single room 单人间double room 双人间utilities 水、电、煤气和垃圾处理等费

3、用flatmate 合住一套公寓的人；合租者letting agency 房屋中介agency fee 中介费 海外留学租房三攻略 home stay 寄宿家庭，指和房东住在一起，由房东提供食宿）university accommodation 学校宿舍（住在大学提供的宿舍里）private accommodation 私人住房Room (房间) cozy 温馨的living room/lounge 起居室 ；客厅bedroom 卧室main bedroom 主卧carpet 地毯 coffee table （置于沙发前的）茶几 armchair 单人沙发 sofa 沙发 remote con

4、trol 遥控器 radiator 暖气片central heating 中央供暖fridge/ freezer 冰箱 kettle 电烧水壶 stool 厨房高脚椅 oven 烤箱 dishwasher 洗碗机 tap 水龙头 sink 洗碗池 cupboard 橱柜 shower 淋浴/冲凉 bath 浴缸bathroom 卫生间main bathroom 主卫 toilet 马桶 Buy a (an)flat/ apartment 买房 real estate 房地产mortgage 按揭（指向银行借长期抵押贷款，用来买房子）down payment 首付completed apartm

5、ent/flat 现房（指已建好供销售的房子）forward housing delivery 期房resold apartment 二手房affordable housing 经济适用房housing price 房价Financing is the key to most real estate transactions , so if you are buying real estate for your personal use , consumer credit considerations are of paramount importance . Unlike the stand

6、ard stock leveraging scheme , where the debt is capped at 50 percent of the principal value of the transaction , the standard debt-to-asset ratio in real estate or what the banks call the loan-to-value ratio , is 80 percent ,with a 20 percent down payment . In such an instance , the lender looks as

7、much to the credit of the borrower as to the value of the property , to be sure of repayment . Hence , your record of payment of other debts , or lack thereof , will be a critical factor in whether or not you get credit for a home purchase . Other factors that come into play are your overall financi

8、al picture . If you have large amounts of other assets such as stocks , that will help . Retirement assets such as individual retirement accounts (IRAs) cannot be used to secure loans , but even they may indirectly count in a borrowers favor as evidence of astuteness .If you are buying property for

9、rental as a business , then more businesslike considerations apply . The bank will still want to evaluate loan-to-value and income-to-debt service ratios , but may give lesser weight to your personal financial situation . Your past business experience , either in real estate or in other areas , will

10、 be taken into account , as will your business credit record . In unusual cases , the lender may require you to sign for loans personally , in which case your personal financial situation will matter . There are several types of lenders . The most common one is a financial institution such as a bank

11、 or a savings and loan . A second is government agencies such as Veterans Administration or the Federal Housing Authority . The third source of financing is owner financing .对于大多数房地产交易来说，关键在于资金问题的解决。一旦你决定买房，重中之重便是考虑消费品信用贷款。与标准存量中要求债务上限为交易本金的50%的平衡计划不同，在房市中，标准负债与资产比率（银行称之为贷款与价值比率）可达80%，只需20%的预付定金。在这种

12、情况下，贷方把借方的信誉和资产看得同样考试&大重要，以确保借方有能力偿还债务。所以，你的其它债务的还款记录（或者记录缺失）将会成为致命因素，直接影响你能否获得购房信贷。当然，还有一些因素在起着作用，它们也会影响你的整个筹资计划。你如果有大量的诸如股票之类的另类资产的话，这会对你的信贷非常有利。个人退休金帐户之类的退休资产虽然不能用来做贷款担保，可即便如此，它们却会证明你很精明，并因此而博得贷方的好感。如果你购房是为了商业经营，那你就需要一步步深思熟虑。银行仍然会对你的贷款与价值和工资与债务的偿还比率进行评估，但可能会低估你的个人财务状况。你的商业信贷记录也会被纳入评估的考虑范围，以往的

13、经营经验（房地产或是其它领域）也会被予以考虑。特殊情况下，贷方可能要求本人亲自签收贷款，此时，你的个人财务状况就会与此挂钩。贷方分为好多种。最常见的就是银行和信用合作社等金融机构。第二种就是退伍军人管理局和联邦房屋管理局的政府机构。第三种资金来源就是业主融资A bank will look at the borrowers income relative to the proposed debt service payments . The rule of thumb during the middle of the twentieth century was that a mortgage

14、should not be more than two and a half times income . A more current rule of thumb was that mortgage payments should not be more than 28 percent of income , and total debt service payments should not be more than 34 percent of income . In recent years , the latter ratio has been relaxed to as much a

15、s 40 percent , a financial stretch . A borrower can even apply for a loan with no income verification . Typically , however , the bank requires a large-than usual down payment 25 to 35 percent or more , and a clean credit record .Somewhat different requirements apply for a government loan . For inst

16、ance , the Veterans Administration will make loans to war veterans at low interest rates . Other government agencies target other constituencies such as low-income housing . If you have a good record of running multi-family houses , you may qualify for government loans for the development and manage

17、ment of low-income units . In such cases , your ability to get the loan is contingent on your meeting the particular politically requirements . Also , government loans are more likely to have onerous terms such as prepayment penalties .A third source of financing , if you find the right seller and a

18、re persuasive enough , is owner financing . A mortgage is nothing more than an IOU in which a buyer agrees to pay a lender the value of the house over a period of time . It is really a way of borrowing money using the house as collateral. The borrower issues a mortgage , and is known as a mortgage ,

19、 while the lender is known as the mortgage . In this particular instance , the seller is also the lender of the last resort . Occasionally , there will be home advertisements in the newspaper that say OWC , or owner will carry .针对预定的债务偿还量，银行还会了解借方的收入情况。20世纪中期单纯经验的方法就是抵押最多为工资的二点五倍。更为流行的单纯经验方法就是抵押贷款月供

20、最多为月薪的28%，总偿债支付款最多为还款期间工资总额的34%。在最近几年，后者已经达到了40%，这就是金融延伸。借方甚至没有收入证明也可以申请贷款，可尽管如此，银行却会特别要求一笔25-35%甚至更多的巨额首付和一个无污点的信贷记录。申请政府贷款要求多少会有些不同。例如，退伍军人管理局会给予曾经参战的退伍军人低息贷款。其它政府机构提供的是一些赞助服务，比如对那些低收入家庭。如果你具有一个经营多户住宅的良好记录，你就可以获得政府贷款以对低收入住宅进行开发管理。在这些情况之下，你能否获得贷款取决于你能否遇到政治上的特殊需要。当然，政府贷款更可能包括一些繁苛的条款，比如说提前预付罚金。第三种资金来

21、源为业主融资，即通过你的能力，自己发现和说服卖家。其实抵押就是借据，通过这个借据，买方同意在一定的时间范围内偿还房价借款，说到底只是贷款买房方式的一个担保。借方提供了抵押，并将其作为抵押，而且贷方也认可了这个抵押。在这个特例中，卖方其实就是最后贷方。偶尔，新闻上刊登一些房屋广告会提到“业主负责还款”。The buying and borrowing transactions are handled simultaneously by a closer . She will take the down payment , typically in the form of a certified

22、check from the buyer , and the check from the lender for the amount of the mortgage . She will then take title from the seller and re-register the property in the name of the buyer . Finally , she will hand over the monetary proceeds to the seller . If the parties want to make absolutely sure of the

23、 validity of the transaction , they will close in escrow . For most transactions , such a level of detail is not necessary .It is said that the three basics of real estate are location , location , and location . That is true , all other things being equal . It means that you should not buy in a poo

24、r location . But it is also does not mean that you should necessarily “ pay up ” for the best . Just as with stocks you can make money from an expanding multiple ,as well as from rising rents . Some of the best multiple plays are in neighborhoods where the economies and the quality of the tenants is

25、 improving . These situations are most often found in large metropolitan areas like New York City .The best deals can be obtained from motivated sellers , sometimes colloquially as “ dont wanters .” Such a person may have recently gotten divorced (or married , or had a new child born ) , and no long

26、er finds the house the right size . Otherwise , they might have been transferred or lost a job and want a house with lower payments . The classic case is someone on the brink of foreclosure . some investors check court records of divorces arrearages , and upcoming bankruptcy proceedings to find such

27、 people . Others will go to banks or savings and loans and ask to see a listing of the “ real estate owned ” (i.e. repossessed real estate ) . In the latter case , the bank may be holding property that it is willing to sell for a discount , because a down payment and part of the mortgage have been p

28、aid , rather than holding and managing the real estate .买借交易被一个终端同步处理。她以一种从买方获得的保护支票的方式对预付定金进行处理，用从贷方获得的保护支票处理抵押贷款的数目。接着她会处理卖方的所有权，并将其考(试大重新置于买方名下。最后，她会将货币收益划归卖方。如果买卖双方想绝对确保交易的合法性，他们需履行提存手续。对大多数交易来说，没有必要做这么细。据说房地产的三个基础是地点、地点、还是地点。这话不假，一切都必须讲求对等。意思就是说你不应该买地点不好的房子。可这也并不是说你要尽可能的买最好的房子。这就如同买股票一样，股票的翻番会让

29、你大赚一笔，租金的考(试大上涨也会带来这个效果。最好的翻倍游戏多发生在经济和房客质量提高的区域，比如说像纽约这样的大都市。最划算的交易也可以被焦急的卖方接受，即口语所谓的“大出血”卖主。他们可能刚刚离婚（或是结婚或是有了孩子），房子的大小已经不太合适；抑或搬家、失业，急需一套还款较低的房子。一个经典案例就是，某人止赎期满，一些投资者对其离婚欠款的法院纪录进行核对，并发现其破产诉讼即将到来。如此一来，投资者们会去银行或者储贷协会要一份其所属的房产清单。在后面这个例子中，银行可能会持有房产并希望对其打折拍卖，因为与其持有和经营房产，不如将其拍卖以偿还预付定金和部分抵押贷款。The real sec

30、ret is to buy only in situations in which debt servicing costs are less than rental income minus expenses . Investors most often get into trouble in negative cash flow situations . A bankruptcy in real estate terms is known as a foreclosure . This is when the bank or other lender takes possession of

31、 the building because the buyer cant meet payments for a period of time . Foreclosures are the closest thing to personal bankruptcy , and stay on a persons credit record for seven years . (bankruptcy stays for ten .) A more amicable situation is one in which the owner hands title (as symbolized by t

32、he keys and deed ) to the property to the lender in lieu of foreclosure , but this also involves a seven-year record . One or more missed payments followed by a catch-up will not lead to foreclosure , but this information does damage a credit record for some years .To buy in a turnaround , the most

33、promising situation is one in which the neighborhood and properties are already being improved by the current owners . It is good sign if developers are moving in . (But this is smart money . ) The largest profits are made just before the developer stage , when individuals are fixing up the property

34、 . The quality of the people is even more important than the quality of the buildings . A blue-collar neighborhood with stable incomes and families may be a better bet than one inhabited by young singles who move out every few years . Seattle , Washington , was a case in point when the aerospace ind

35、ustry laid off people .房地产的秘密就在于只有在这种情况下才可以购房，即债务偿还开销要低于扣除份额中日常开销之后的租金收入。投资者很容易陷入负向现金流动的困境之中。止赎是房地产破产中的著名条款。此即由于买方考试&大一定时期内负担不起还款，该房产便收归银行或其他贷方所有了。止赎权与个人破产的信用记录保留期限最为接近，要保留7年（破产为10年）。一个更为和睦的处境就是所有者将财产所有权（以钥匙和契约表征）交与贷方从而避免破产，可这也要在信用记录中保留7年。一个或多个忘还的款项随后补交之后虽然不会导致止赎，可却会在信用记录中保留多年。转型期购房，此时最有价值的投资就在那

36、些已被现有业主开发的小区和物业。如果开发者进入，这就是一个好的标志。（可这获利甚微。）要想获得较大利益，就要在开发者进入之前动手，即人们开始解决物业之时。人的因素考试&大要比物的因素更为重要。有稳定收入及家庭的蓝领公寓与那些没几年就搬一次家的单身青年聚居区要更值得搏一把。对此，西雅图、华盛顿在航空和航天工业裁员时就是再恰当不过的例子了。Before buying any property , you should get an engineering report , to make sure that the main systems work ; electric , gas ,

37、and water . There should not be any structural problems with these , the foundation , or the beams . There may be plenty of minor faults such as chipped paint , but there should be reflected in a lower selling price . You should welcome such defects because you can increase your profits by fixing th

38、em.The bank will do an appraisal , but it will be a cursory one . Instead of trying to pinpoint the exact value for your house , the bank appraiser will use the selling price as a starting point , and then test it for reasonableness . A good (well done , not necessarily favorable )appraisal will tel

39、l you what the market thinks of the house and why.Cash flow on real estate is pretty much discretionary , at least after the minimum debt service charges are paid off . You can reinvest it in the property to maintain or improve it , you can prepay your mortgage or you can spend it ,either on more re

40、al estate ,or on other items . A property can even be “ milked ” for short periods of time by deferring maintenance , but that is not a wise long-term strategy . Any way you slice it, cash flow is what ultimately drives the return on real estate . If cash flow after expenses and debt service is nega

41、tive , the property is priced too high and likely to go down in value . For this reason , one should not think in terms of sacrificing cash flow for “appreciation .”Real estate should be bought for intrinsic(i.e., cash flow) rather than resale value . This is true of stocks, but particularly told in

42、 numerous places, most notably by John Paul Getty , of Florida swamp land in the 1920s; in which “ investors ” bought and sold binders, or contracts, on real estate ; with the intention of “flipping” them within a short time . When one skeptical investor asked the agent to show him the land ,which w

43、as under a swamp, the agent explained ,“ This real estate is for trading , not for owning .” When the craze is over , some hapless investor will be left with a worthless piece of property . An only slightly less insidious form of “real estate ” is one that is uneconomical , except for tax breaks . T

44、hen the investor is hostage to changes in the Tax Code .不管买什么房子，之前你都要拿到该房子的工程报告，以弄明白房子的电、水、和气等主要工作系统。房子的基础、大梁也不能有任何结构性问题。当然，一些小的瑕疵也是不可避免的，比如说油漆脱落，可这应该在价格上有所反应。对于这些缺陷，你应该感到高兴,因为通过修补你还能提高你的收益。银行会出一个评估报告，但却很粗略。银行评估师不会给你的房产定价，只是用卖价作为起点，然后用合理性进行检验。一个好的（做得好却未必有利的）评估报告将会告诉你市场对该房产的反映和市场为什么如此反应。房地产现金流的决定权相当之

45、大，要求至少先支付最低的债务偿还的服务费用。你可以重新投资房地产，以便对其进行维持、改善；你也可以预交抵押贷款的定金，你也可以将其自行花掉（可考试*大用于其它房地产投资，也可用于房地产以外的项目）；房地产的款项甚至可以通过推迟保养而暂为“挪用”，可这从长期来讲，却不是一个明智的策略。不管你如何分配，现金流回报最终都会受房地产的引导。如果现金流在扣除各种花销和债务之后为负，就是说房产的价格过高而趋向于跌价。基于此，就不要指望通过牺牲现金流来达到“涨价”的目的。买房与其用转售价格，不如用其固有（指现金流）价格。这适用于股票，因其较低的流动性，尤其适用于房地产。最著名的要数上世纪20年代佛罗里达沼泽

46、地的约翰·保罗·格蒂，他的故事曾被考试*大多处引用。他提出，投资者带着短期弹压房地产的目的对其基料或合约进行买卖。当一位投资者怀疑的向代理人咨询其地皮为何在沼泽之上时，代理人解释道，“这里的房产只是为了买卖，不是为了拥有。”当狂热过去，一些倒霉的投资者将会剩下一块分文不值的地皮。这种唯一略显狡诈的“房地产”形式除了税额优惠以外，对购房者而言并无经济实惠可言。随之而来的就是这些投资者成了税法改革的人质。B: We know this new shopping arcade is ready for lease. We would like to know if any shops are still available.我们知道这幢新的购物商场已开始招租。我们想知道还有哪些铺位空置呢？ A: Sure. May I have your name, please?好的，请问怎么称呼？ B: Yes, I'm Helen and this is my friend Eilze.我叫海伦，这是我的朋友伊莉莎。 A: Nice to meet you, Helen and Elize. This is my business card. I'm Jenny. First, I would like to show you the l