高中英语不定式

1、To 的两种含义介词to + 名词/代词/动名词不定式to+do/be doing /have done不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定

2、式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用Is necessary to complete the design before National Day Athis Bthat Cit Dhe 高考回顾高考回顾 作主语作主语 To live is to struggle I want to go h

3、ome.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, afford, decide, determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage, 作宾语作宾语 3) it作形式宾语作形式宾语, 不定式作真正宾语不定式作真正宾语He found it ve

4、ry difficult to get to sleep. We made it a rule to listen to English every day.think/ consider/ find /made it + adj. to do He agreed here, but so far he hasnt turned up yet Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met高考回顾高考回顾作宾语作宾语 2）要注意）要注意 cant help , go on , try , remember，forget, mean, regret, sto

5、p 等动等动词后接不定式与接词后接不定式与接v-ing的区别。的区别。 1. I remember seeing you somewhere before. 2. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.3. I regret to say that we have no news for you.4. We regretted selling the farm. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well, now I regret that At

6、o do Bto be done Cto have done Dhaving done 高考回顾高考回顾作宾语补足语作宾语补足语want, ask, tell, force,order, demand, require allow, permit, forbid, advise, persuade, encourage, 等等+sb to do sthThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.2) 用不带用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词的不定式作宾补的动词 sb. do sth.在在

7、 “一感觉一感觉” “二听二听” “三使役三使役” “四看四看” 后跟不定式做宾补时，通常省略后跟不定式做宾补时，通常省略 to。 feel listen to hear let make have see look at watch notice observe2) 用不带用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词的不定式作宾补的动词 但但变为被动结构时，不定式符号变为被动结构时，不定式符号 to 要加上要加上。We saw him play chess with the workersHe was seen to play chess with the workersThe director had

8、her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up 高考回顾高考回顾Paul doesnt have to be made He always works hard Alearn Bto learn Clearned Dlearning 高考回顾高考回顾2 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to

9、,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.3当为下列短语时当为下列短语时, 省去省去to;cant but, cant choose but, cant help but, 1. He does nothing but play all day.2. At the news she didnt say anything but to cry.3. He cant choose but do it.4.

10、 Theres nothing to do except/but wait till it stops raining.作状语作状语1)表示目的表示目的 the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (08湖南湖南) ACompleting BCompleteCCompleted DTo complete 2 late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm(NMET2001春春) ATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving slept To m

11、aster a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice高考回顾高考回顾 (only to do sth.)表示一个相反或出乎意料的结果。表示一个相反或出乎意料的结果。 He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.(06陕西陕西)作状

12、语作状语2)表示结果表示结果 作表语作表语1The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficultAno make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not make Our aim is to help them. What he did was _ (wait)(to) wait 作定语作定语 1) She was the first person to think of this idea.2) She was the only person to survive the

13、crash.3) Do you have anything to eat?4) I want a machine to answer the phone. 1After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand (NMET95) Aby Bon Cup Dwith 2The last one_ pays the meal.Agreed! （07 全国全国I） Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive DarrivingVII. 独立结构独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, to te

14、ll the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you.(8)(8)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, who,which, when, how, whatwhat等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。( (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要

15、。( (主语主语) ) My question is when to start. .我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。( (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。 Why not have a rest? 不定式的时态 The boy pretended _ his homework when the teacher came in. A. do B. to do C. to be doing D. d

16、oing 2. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. NMET 2000 to go B. having gone A.C. to have gone D. going 1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. NMET 1999 to have studied B. to studyA.C. to be study D. to have been stu

17、dying 不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态 不定式主动形式表被动意义的情况：不定式主动形式表被动意义的情况：1). S + link v + adj . + infinitiveYour house is difficult to find.Books are heavy to carry.The chair is very comfortable to sit on.He is pleasant to work with.English is easy to learn. I find English easy to learn. 2) . 当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。当句子的主语是不

18、定式的逻辑主语。 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语时不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语时We have a lot of work to do. We have a lot of meetings to attend.He has a large family to support.She only has a small room to live in .I know what to expect.I dont know what to do next. 3) with 结构中的不定式结构中的不定式With two exams to worry about, I have to wor

19、k hard at the weekend.With many problems to solve, the newly elected president will have a hard time.4）be to blameWas the child to blame?He felt he was to blame for the coldness that had grown between them.不定式的省略不定式的省略 总结：不定式的省略总结：不定式的省略 如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，只保留不定式符号避免重复，只保留不定式符号 t

20、o。如果不定式有如果不定式有be或或 have时，时，be 或或 have 常保留常保留.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _ Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to 高考回顾高考回顾如果不定式有如果不定式有be或或 have时，时，be 或或 have 常保留常保留:-Is there a shop nearby?-No, but there used to be.-Hasnt he finished writing the report?

21、-No,but he ought to have. If theres a lot of work _, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海上海) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the A

22、tlantic. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard _. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still

23、on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it offA.C. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D.

24、 to solve, made 8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school A.D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _,but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 10.We find it impossible for the work _

25、ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished 11. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it12The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight y

26、esterday.A. robbedB. to have been robbedC. being robbedD. having been robbed 13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg 14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered. reading B. to read 1.C. to be reading D. being read15：My English teachers humor was _ make every student burst into laughter. (2008江西江西) A. so as to B. such as to C. such that D. so thatII. 用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1. More and more people do not like watching TV; the programs seem _ (get) worse all the time.2. The poem is said _ (translate) into many langua