现在完成时详解Microsoft-Office-Word-Document-(2)

1、 现在完成时概念：过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。构成：have/has + 过去分词以study为例，如下否认式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否认疑问式简单答复肯定/否认Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you h

2、avent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.*特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句have/has+主语+过去分词V-ed+其他How long has he been away?用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。1. 用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与连用。    副词的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / ha

3、s后，He has just come .never表示否认, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词？ Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have a

4、lready finished it.so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.2.用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：    for表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。    since表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.    since表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I

5、 was born.    since一段时间ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.*现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语for，since，how long, all ones life连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。I have been a teacher for nearly

6、20 years. How long has he lived here?*延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在在内的到说话时仍未结束表示一段时间的状语连用。如this morning，today，this week，these daysHe has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.He wrote two letters this morning.*英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词，常见的有：co

7、me，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语how long，for，since连用。He has come back.He has come back for two hours.×    但在否认句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如I havent h

8、eard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 1999.*当终止性动词非延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语how long，since，for， all ones life相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:1用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.He has come back for two weeks.I have lost my bike for ten days. 2用“It is / has been时间since一般过去时态句型来改写。He has joined the League for 3 y

9、ears. I have bought the book for 5 days. He has died for 20 years. 3用“时间has passedsince一般过去时态句型来改写。He has left home for 20 years.He has lost his pen for 2 days. 4用系表结构来改写.He has died for 20 years. The factory has opened since 1999. How long has he left? 5用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。He has bought the book for

10、two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.常见的相应转换形式如下:borrow / lend keep buy have finish / end be over begin / start be on open be open leave be awayfrom die be dead get up be up fall asleep be asleepfall ill be ill lose be lost begin to study studybecome be close be closed get to know knowjoi

11、n be in / be amember catch / get a cold have a cold receive / get a letter have a letter go to school be in school / be a studentreturn / come back / get back be backjoin the army be in the army /be a soldierarrive /come / go / move / reach /get to be in /at / be here /be there He has joined the arm

12、y for three years.He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.He joined the army three years ago.It is three years since he joined the army.Three years has passed since he joined the army.（1） He came to our village two

13、 years ago.He_  our village since two years ago.2He left home three days ago He   _  home for 3 days.3I bought the watch 2 weeks ago I _ the watch since 2 weeks ago.4It is 5 days since I borrowed the book I_ the book for 5 days.5The film has begunThe film_ for half an hour.6

14、I got to know him 10 years agoI_ him for 10 years.7There is a factoryThere_ a factory for 20 years.8Our school opened in 1960Our school _ since 1960.*现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生，但不同点在于：（1） 现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年

15、了。He learned French for three years.他曾经学过三年法语。Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不到了？He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天清扫过房间。The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经清扫过了。（2） 现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时那么可以。He has done some washing yesterday.He did some washing

16、yesterday.Exercises 1. Dad, I _ the station for minutes, but nobody came to meet me. Dont worry. Ill go to meet you soon. A. arrived at B. have been at C. will reach2. _ you ever _ Dali? Never. But I am going there this vacation. A. Dogo to B. Havebeen to C. Havegone to D. Willgo to3. My aunt is a w

17、riter. She _ more than ten books since 1980.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write4. Echo _ for half a month. Shell come hack in two months.A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away5.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2021,they_ there for three years since then. A. live B. lived C. have live

18、d D. will live6. Have you ever been to Nanning? Yes, _ .A. I wasB. I doC. I amD. I have7. I my homework, I guess I can't join you.A. don't finish B. didn't finish C. haven't finished D. won't finish8. Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office?Sorry, I don't know. I _ here fo

19、r only a few days.A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work9.Where is Bob? He _to Harbin for a meeting.A. went B. has been C. has gone10. Are you going to the bank, Laura? No, I _ to the bank already.A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been11. -Oh, you are here. Im looking for you all t

20、he morning. ？ -To the library. A. Where have you gone B. Where will you go C. Where are you going D. Where have you been?12. So far this year, many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of thegovernment. A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built13. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in

21、Tianjin since she came here. Asees B. can see C. will see D. has seen14I many new friends since I came hereAmake Bmade Cwill make Dhave made15. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2021. She _ there for four years.A. works B. worked C. has worked16. "Where's your brother, Jane?" "He

22、's not in Guiyang these days. He_ Beijing.'A. has gone to B. has been to C. had been to17. She _ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept18. They _ England and they will be back next week. A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has b

23、een on19. He_ in this city since his family moved to Nanchong.A. live B. lived C. has lived20. Some students in Shanghai e-bags for several months. A. have B. have had C. had D. will have21.Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai? Yes, he _ there for two months. A. has been B. has gone C. has been to D. has

24、gone to22. My brother and I _ in Yinchuan since 1997.A. had lived B. have lived C. live D. will live23. My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _ any letters from him so far. A. wont receive B. havent received C. hadnt received D. didnt receive24. Our country _the sixth population census(人口普查) a

25、lready.A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes25.Thomas _ the army for two years, so he misses his mother very much. A. has joined B. has taken part in C. has been in26.How well do you know the Opera House? I know the place very well. I _ Sydney many times. A. have been in B. have bee

26、n to C. have gone to D. have arrived in27.How clean the bedroom is!Yes, I am sure that someone it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned28. Where is Ben? He _ to the teachers office. He will be back soon.A. go B. has gone C. has been29. I _myhometown for a long time, I really miss it!A.

27、 left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from30. Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me?No, I wont. I _ already.A. sawB. have seen C. see D. will see31. Where is John? He _ the science lab.A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to 32. How do you like your English teache

28、r? He is great. We friends since three years ago. A. were B. have made C. have been D. have become33.Hi, guys. Where are you heading now?Home. We _all our money, so we have to walk home now.A. spend B. spent C. have spent D. are spending 34. _ you _ the movie Gongfu Panda II ? Not yet. I'll see

29、it this Sunday.A. Did, see B. Do, see C. Have, seen35.British Prince William(威廉王子) and Kate _ for nearly two months. A. married B. have married C. have been married D. have got married36. Jim _ in Zhuzhou since he finished his college. A. works B. is working C. has worked38. May I speak to Lin Tao?S

30、orry, he is not in. He _ to Changsha.A. has been B. has gone C. went39. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However. he _ yet. A. didn't arrive B. doesn't arrive C. isn't arriving D. hasn't arrived40. Great changes _ in Tongren in the past five years.A. have happened B. hav

31、e taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place41. You are too late. The film _ since half an hour ago. A.has begun B. has been on C. began 42. - Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? - - Because I it twice. A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see43. -Where's your father, Tom?

32、-He_ to Changsha.A. goes B. went C. has gone44.- Where is my sister, mum? - She _ to the library. She will be back soon.A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go45.May I speak to Mary? Sorry, she isnt in. She to Japan and will come back in two weeks. A. has been B. has gone C. is going46. Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Pingba? No, they _ to Shanghai. A. had moved B. moved C. will move D. have moved 47. Mr. Fan _ this watch in 2005. he _ it for 6 years. A .bought, has had B. bought, has