阅读理解(2)主旨大意

1、主旨大意题学案I. 教学内容：主旨大意题解题方法II.教学目标：通过这堂课，学生能分析文章篇章结构、归纳文章要点、概括中心思想Part1自主探究I. 命题规律：近五年四川卷主旨大意题量统计：2010年2个，2011年2个，2012年3个，2013年0个，2014年4个。因此，对于主旨大意题的考查数量趋于平衡，几乎每年都有1-2题，但解题使需要对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳和推断，这一点在未来的高考中也不会改的。II. 知识清单：主旨大意题主要考查学生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、推断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。1. 主旨大意题

2、常见的设问方式：(1) Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle/topic/headlineofthispassage?(2) Thepassageismainlyabout.(3) Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.(4) Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3/paragraph2/lasttwoparagraphs?(5) Themainideakeypointofthispassageisthat.(6) .Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?(7) Whichofthe

3、followingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?2. 寻找主题句（1）根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题（如but,yet,howeveronthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus,Iagreewiththeopinionthat.;Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat.;Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer.(2)主题句定位法： 正三角形写作法()即主题句在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来支撑 倒

4、三角形写作法()即主题句在文尾。表述细节后，归纳概括主题 圆形写作法(。)即首尾呼应的写作方法。先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主 正方形写作法(口)即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句3概括，归纳中心思想：略读(skimming)是概括、归纳中心思想的重要手段，略读时，注意文章首尾段，每段首尾句，其他内容略过，将注意力集中在名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词等实词上，并对关键词进行加工，筛选出最能表达作者意图的关键词及概念。4标题：标题是段落中心思想的精炼表达形式。阅读中，通过已知的信息概括出中心思想，在将中心思想加以提炼，拟定标题。Parttwo即讲即练A(2011年江苏卷)Weknowth

5、efamousones一theThomasEdisonandtheAlexanderGrahamBells-whataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刷器)?Shouldntweknowwhotheyare?1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?A. HowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventions?B. HowtoDesignaBuil

6、t-inDeviceforCleaningtheWindow?C.ShouldntWeKnowthelessFamousInventors?D.ShouldntWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?（全国E篇）Mostpeoplewanttoknowhowthingsaremade.Theyhonestlyadmit,however,thattheyhardlyknowathingwhenitcomestounderstandinghowapieceofmusicismade.Whereacomposer（作曲家）begins,howhemanages

7、tokeepgoing-infact,howandwherehelearnshistrade-allarecoveredincompletedarkness.Thecomposer,inshort,isamanofmystery（神秘）.2. Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A. Composer:amanofmysteryB. PracticemakesgoodmusicC. RelationbetweensleepingandmusicD. Music:productofnatureCPeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Som

8、efeelthattheyhaventeatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast-foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.3.

9、 Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?A. Somepeoplelikesteakandotherslikeredmeat.B. Vegetablesareveryhealthytoyou.C. Foodpreparationhasalottodowithpeoplestastes.D. Differentpeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.DIfyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlo

10、nger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoesnotmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfit（合身）better.Inotherwords,somelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.4. Welearnfromthepassagethatcheaperclothes.C. cansometimesfityou

11、betterD.cannotbewashedKleptomania（盗窃癖）isanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelo

12、pcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.5. Whatisthetopicofthetext?A. YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C. Reasonsf

13、orStealingD.ANormalChildsActionsFOntheInternet,wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.Whatsmore,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchbal

14、lmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet,wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.6. Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A. KeepawayfromtheInternet.B.Surfthenet.C. TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.D. Wecanentertai

15、nourselvesontheInternet.G2011江西卷）Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup（基因构成）ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintopossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendenc

16、ytoexpandwhereverpossible.7. Whatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonparagraph2?A. humansarenature-borntodoso.B. humanhavethetendencytofight.C. humanmayfindnewsourcesoffood.D. humandontliketostayinthesameplacePartthree综合演练AAnimalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcan

17、runawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines（刺）thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemo

18、respinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasseswearsdowntheanimalsteeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantspro

19、ducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar（毛虫）bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscoura

20、gethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly（多刺的）leaves,andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom（毒液）Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.8. Thehollyplanthasmorespinesonthelowerleavesbecausemosta

21、nimalsA. arenottallenoughB. likethelowerleavesonlyC. arenotcleverenoughD. cangetthelowerleaveseasily9. Todefendthemselves,oaktreesuse.A. chemicalmeansB. physicalmeansC. bitterchemicalsD. sandymaterials10. Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A. Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyp

22、hysicalmeans.B. Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C. Itsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattacked.D. Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.11. Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A. PlantsandAnimalsB. HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC. AttacksandDefensesD. Howan

23、imalseatplantleavesBManyofthecustomsthatarepopularatweddingstodaydatebacktohundredsofyearsago.Mostofusdontknowthereasonsanymorebutpeopletodayfollowthembecausetheyaregoodfun.Todaythebride（新娘）carriesflowersbutlongagoshecarriedstrong-smellinggrass.Thiswastofrightenawaytheevilspiritsandtocoverthesmellof

24、peoplewhodonotwashoften.Peoplealsousedtobelievethatthebridebroughtgoodluck,sotheywouldtrytogetsomethingfromher.Today,thebridewilloffertheguestssomegoodluckbythrowingtheflowerstothemafterthewedding.Itissaidthat讦youcatchtheflowers,youwillbethenextonetogetmarried.Ofcourse,manyofthesinglegirlsatawedding

25、trytocatchtheflowers.Inearlytimes,thebridesmaids（伴娘）andthebrideallworesimilardresses.Thiswastoconfusetheevilspirits.Nowbridesmaidsstillwearsimilardressesbutthebridewearsadifferentdressthatisoftenwhite.Manybrideswearveils（面纱）overtheirfaces.Thiscomesfromatimewhentheyoungcouplewasnotallowedtoseeeachoth

26、erbeforethewedding.Thefamilieswereafraidthatthegroommightnotlikethebride.Sohewasonlyallowedtoliftherveiljustbeforethewedding.Bythistimeitwastoolatetorefusetomarryher.Bridesoftenwearsomethingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowed,somethingblue.Inearliertimes,讦thebridedidntdothis,shefeltshewouldbeindanger

27、fromtheevilspirits.Wearingsomethingoldrepresentsthejourneybetweenbeingsingleandbeingmarried.Somethingnewrepresentsthechangefrombeingachildtobeinganadult.Somethingborrowedmeans讦youborrowsomethingfromahappilymarriedcouple,itwillbringyougoodluck.Andsomethingbluecomesfromatimewhentheedgeofthebridesdress

28、wasbluewhichrepresentedpurity.12、ThepassagemainlytellsusA. todaysweddingcustomsB.thehistoryofweddingcustomsC.whybrideswearveilsD.whatbrideswearatweddings13、Whydidthebridecarrystrong-smellinggrassinthepast?A. Tokeeptheevilspiritsandtheunpleasantsmellofsomepeopleaway.B. Tocovertheunpleasantsmellofher.

29、C. Tobringgoodlucktothebridesmaids.D. Tothrowitexactlytotheoneshewantedtogive.14、Whatdoweknowabouttheweddingcustomsinthepastfromthethirdparagraph?A. Thebridesmaidsworecompletelydifferentdressesfromthebrides.B. Thebridesmaidsalsoneededtowearveilsovertheirfaces.C. Thegroomcouldrefusetomarryhisbride讦he

30、didntlikeher.D. Thegroomandthebridedidntseeeachotheruntilthewedding15、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A. Inordertoavoidevilspirits,thebridehadtowearherveil.B. Inweddingcustoms,blueisthesymbolofpurity.C. Singlegirlsareveryhappytocatchthebridesflowers.D. Thebrideandherbridesmaidsdres

31、sedsimilarlytoavoidbeingrecognizedbyevilspirits.16、AllofthefollowingarementionedinthispassageEXCEPT.A.bridesflowersB.bridesclothesC.groomsclothesD.bridesveilsCAlongtimeagoababywasborntoapoorfamily.Hisfuturelookedsadashegrewtoseeapoorlifebeforehim.Hejoinedthearmyasacommonsoldierandwaswoundedsoserious

32、lythatheneverregainedtheuseofhisleftarm.Helaterfailedtofindagoodjobandwasevensenttoprisonbyhisdebtortwotimes.Hecontinuedtotakenonoticeofthelawandstruggledjusttosurvive.But,despitehispoorlife,heneverletgoofhisdreamofwritingabook.Hewroteabeautifulstorywhichcamefromhisheartsdeepestdreamsanddesires.Itha

33、smovedgenerationsofpeopleovertheworldeversince.Itisaboutamanwhosawtheworlddifferentlyfromanyoneelse.Thoughwritteninsuffering,thebookisanencouragingtaleofirrepressible（十分强烈的）hope.Thismansstoryhasbeenputtomusic,adaptedforfilm,andtranslatedintolotsoflanguages.Itremainsabestselleraftersome400years.Theau

34、thorisMigueldeCervantesandthebookisDonQuixotedeLaMancha.PerhapsCervanteshimselfbelievedthattheworldseespeopleastheyare.Iseethemastheycanbe!IfCervantesneverhadfinishedsuchagoodwork,hewouldnothaveseensomepotential（潜质）withinhimselfthatwashiddenfromtherestoftheworld.Hehastaughtothersthatgreattruth:Whatweseewillcometobe.Someseethemselvesastheyare,othersastheycanbe.Butwhenwelookbeyondthepresentreality,sadasitmayseem,andsetoursightsuponthebestthatiswithinasituationor