新高考英语作文新题型summarywriting

1、如19级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型一一概要写作1 .概要写作题型特点概要写作summary,?牛津高阶英语词典?第8版对它的定义如下："Asummaryisabriefstatementthatgivesonlythemainpointsofsomethingnotthedetails.也就是要求考生'在整体把握原文的前提下,用自己简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文,也可称之为摘要.这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的水平,另一方面也考查学生的写作水平即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的水平以及对文章整体结构的把握水

2、平.因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁.从?测试说明?上对概要写作的评分原那么以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中,我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：客观性:概要写作其实是一种客观的复述,在正确理解原文的根底上,用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想,写作内容要全面,既不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能防止使用原文中的字句.考生应通过释义的方式,用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容.需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法,或做出任何评判,因此不能出现"Ibelieve","Ith

3、福k句：简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点.概要写作是一种对原文浓缩后产生的新语篇,通过删除原文中的细节减少例证,简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性,但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整.连贯性:概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列.写概要时,必须在各要点之间增加一些表达逻辑的关系词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清楚.写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇.2 .评分原那么?测试说明?中关于概要的评分原那么中第一条：此题总分为25分,按5个档次给分；评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分.其中最高档次第五档21-25分的给分描述如下

4、：理解准确,涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己的语言.3 .解题思路1 .通读全文,确定文体,明确文章结构,标出关键信息.注意区分事实和观点,重要和次要,普遍与特殊,相关和不相关信息,原因和结果等逻辑关系2 .改写,重组关键词.用同义表达替换；分词短语,从句,语态转换整合信息；关键词可以不变.注意语言简练,客观3 .润色全文,连句成篇.尽可能恰当使用功能连接词从不同文体入手,解题思路如下：记叙文：1 .通读全文,寻词,摘句,定要素.把握六要素who,when,where,what,how,why5w1h和故事情节pl

5、ot引入一开展一高潮一结局一尾声引入Exposition:作为故事的开端,主要交代故事的背景时间,地点,人物,矛盾冲突；开展Risingaction:故事矛盾不断变化开展的过程；高潮Climax:故事矛盾冲突的转折点,故事最紧张的局部；结局Fallingaction:故事开展的结局,矛盾最终的解决；尾声Resolution:故事结局的影响以及作者的总结思考.尾声不是情节开展的必要局部,并非所有文章都必备.2 .明确文章结构,整合信息.保存改写重要信息,删减次要信息.注意人称的转述,一般会把第一人称转述为第三人称.记叙文一般是过去式.但如假设有体悟到的晤示,意义时,一般用一般现在时.语句的连贯性

6、要强,如果事件按时间顺序开展,注意时间点的改写,如twoyearslater,aftertwoweeks3 .润色全文,连句成篇.注意语句逻辑关系,功能连接词的恰当使用.一般3,4个句子即可.MeetTheMemberWhoQuitSugarWhenIwas15,Iweighed100kg.Iwasasize20+andhatedthewayIlooked.Iwasaserialbigeaterandquitedepressed.Iwouldsitinfrontofthefridge,eatsomething,movetothecupboard,eatapacketofchips,andmov

7、ebacktothefridge.Itwasaheartbreakingcycleofhateandfood.Ididn'tfeelconfident,pretty,oworthwhile.Shoppingmademecry,Iavoidedmirrors,andmysociallifecametoanend.IactuallylostfriendsbecausetheytoldmeIwasantisocial.ItbecamesobadthatIwantedtoabusemyself;myskinandmymindbecamemyenemy.弓I入局部Butthen,Iturnedm

8、ylifearound.Iquitsugar.Itstartedwithmymum.Shestagedanintervention(干预)thatmademecry.Iwantedtochange-Ineededtochange-andshecouldseehowunhappyIwas.Sheputmeontoadietthatmostlyaimedtoschedulemeals,and-tomyshockhorror-cutoutallprocessedsugar.Itwassohardatfirst.Iremembertheshameofsneakingchocolateandcandie

9、swhenthethreeo'clockhunge旗展局部Buttheweekskeptcominganditjustgoteasier.Istoppedeatingsugar,andIstoppedlovingit;simpleasthat.Isubstitutedchipsandbiscuitsforfruitandnuts,andhadcup-of-soupsafterschoolwhenIwashitbythedesire.Ialsohadmoreenergy,havinga20-minutewalkwithmydogintomyeverydayroutine;Ibeganto

10、lovethatpersonaltime.Cuttingoutsugargavemesomuchmorecontrolovermybody,andmyoutlookonlifeimproved.Somanypeopleareintimidatedbythewords“quitsugar.It'snottrue.Fruit,honey,etcnaturalsugars,andbelieveme,theyfuelyoubetterthanchocolatebarsevercould.高潮分NowI'm17,turning18,andIweigh70kg.Istillstruggle

11、withmyweight,butthisiswhereIsitnaturally,andIamveryproudofmyself.IneverthoughtIwouldbeconfidentenoughtoweardressesorskirts,andtakeleadershiprolestoputmyselfoutthereanddevelopmysocialskills.结尾局部Icouldneverhavedoneitwithoutthesupportofmyfriendsandfamily,andIurgeeveryonewhowantstodorightbythemselvesand

12、changetheirdiet-quittingsugarorotherwise-tosharetheirdecisionwithpeople.Developasupportnetwork,onlineoroffline,whichcanofferyouadviceorpickyouupwhenyou'redown.AndIcanassureyou,frommyowscperlexperience,yourbodywillthankyou,andyouwillthankyourselftoo.(446words)尾声局部第一步：通读,划关键词第二步：明确结构改写引入局部用dueto或b

13、ecauseof改写为开展局部用withthehelpofhermom改写为高潮局部用despite和getusedto改写为结尾局部用比拟级改写为尾声局部改写为第三步润色全文,连句成篇Summary实战演练：Ashopownerplacedasignabovehisdoorthatsaid:"PuppiesForSale.Signslikethisalwayshaveawayofattractingyoungchildren,andtonosurprise,aboysawthesignandapproachedtheowner;"Howmuchareyougoingtos

14、ellthepuppiesfor?heaskecThestoreownerreplied,“Anywherefrom$30to$50.Thelittleboypulledoutsomechangefromhispocket."Ihave$2.37,"hesaid.them?"Theshopownersmiledandwhistled.OutofthekennelcameLady,whorandowntheaisleofhisshopfollowedbyfiveteeny,tinyballsoffur.Onepuppywaslaggingconsiderablybe

15、hind.Immediatelythelittleboysingledoutthelagging,limpingpuppyandsaid,"What'swrongwiththatlittledog?Theshopownerexplainedthattheveterinarianhadexaminedthelittlepuppyandhaddiscovereditdidn'thaveahipsock4省黍盖骨.Itwouldalwayslimp.Itwouldalwaysbelame.Thelittleboybecameexcited."Thatisthepu

16、ppythatIwanttobuy.Theshopownersaid,“No,youdon'twanttobuythatlittledog.Ifyoureallywanthim,Ihimtoyou.Thelittleboygotquiteupset.Helookedstraightintothestoreownerger,aecfeyes,pointinjsaid;"IDON'TWANTYOUTOGIVEHIMTOME.THATLITTLEDOGISWORTHEVERYBITASMUCHASALLTHEOTHERDOGSANDI'LLPAYFULLPRICE.

17、INFACT,I'LLGIVEYOU$2.37NOW,AND50CENTSAMONTHUNTILIHAVEHIMPAIDFOR.Theshopownercountered,“Youreallydon'twanttobuythislittledog.Heisnevergoingtobeabktorunandjumpandplaywithyouliketheotherpuppies."Tohissurprise,thelittleboyreadandrolleduphispantlegtorevealabadlytwisted,crippledleftlegsupport

18、edbyabigmetalbrace.Helookedupattheshopownerandsoftlyreplied,“Well,Idon'trunsowellmyself,andpuppywillneedsomeonewhounderstands!"summary:论说类文章：1 .通读全文,明话题,划关键词,主旨句.主旨句或句首,或句末,尤其注意转折连词后.Inthepastalotofpeoplewerereluctanttoshoponline.Manywereworriedaboutthesecurityofenteringtheircarddetailsonth

19、eInternetandthereliabilityoftheInternet.Butwithshoppingonlinebecomingmorewidespread,ithasn'tsloweddowntheincreasingnumbersofonlineshoppers.AstheBBCreports,averagespendingonlinethisChristmasinAmericawillriseto$240orso.Topicsentence:Weshouldn'tjudgeapersonbytheirappearancebutwedo.Infact,theexp

20、ertssaythatwhenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttimewemakeadecisionaboutwhatthatpersonislikeinthreeseconds.Butwhatdowelookat?Oneofthemostimportantthingsisclothes,butitisn'tthebrandofclothesthatpeoplewearthatisimportant.Theimportantthingistoweartherightclothesfortheoccasion.Topicsentence:2 .明确文章结构,整合信息.论说

21、类文章一般以自然段为根底,结构一般为：topic论点-supportingsentences论据-结论conclusionphenomenon现象reasons原因phenomenon现象effects影响phenomenon现象solutions解决方法3 .润色全文,连句成篇Weshouldn'tjudgeapersonbytheirappearancebutwedo.Infact,tiexpertssaythatwhenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttimewemakeadecisionaboutwhatthatpersonislikeinthreesecond

22、s.Butwhatdowelookat?Oneofthemostimportantthingsisclothes,butitisn'tthebrandofclothesthatpeoplewearthatisimportant.Theimportantthingistoweartherightclothesfortheoccasion.Schoolshavealwaysunderstoodthisandalotofthemasktheirstudentstowearauniform.Why?Alotofteachersthinkauniformmakesstudentsfeelthat

23、theyarepartoftheirschoolandthattheiruniformhelpsthemtobeseriousabouttheirstudies.Teacherssaythatuniformscanhelpinotherwaystoo.Ifallthestudentswearuniforms,theycan'tjudgeeachotherbecauseoftheirclothes.Italsoavoidsargumentsaboutwhoorwhatisfashionable.However,itisnotonlyschoolsthatwantpeopletodress

24、inacertainway.Weallhavefixedideasaboutwhatthepeopleinacertainprofessionshouldwear.Ifwevisitadoctor,weexpecttoseerespectableclothesunderthedoctor'swhitecoat.Whenwegointoabankweexpectthestafftowesuitsordresses.Policeofficerswearuniformstodetercrimebyestablishingavisiblepresencewhileonpatrol,tomake

25、themselveseasilyidentifiabletonon-policeofficersortheircolleagueswhorequireassistance,andtoquicklyidentifyeachotheratcrimescenesforeaseofcoordination.Infact,alotofcompanieshavedresscodesfortheirstaffbecausetheyknowthatthecustomersexpecttoseethemdressedincertaintypesofclothes.Butcanourclothesreallyte

26、llpeoplewhatwearelike?Maybenot,buttheycanshowourattitudetowhatwearedoingatthemoment.Whenpeopleseeusintherightclothes,theythinkweareseriousaboutwhatwearedoing.Furthermore,ifweareclean,smartandpolite,peoplewillhaveconfidenceinus.第一步通读全文,明话题,划关键词,主旨句第二步明确文章结构,整合信息.ParaTopicsentence1234第三步润色全文,连句成篇实战演练：

27、ShynessIfyousufferfromshyness,youarenotalone,forshynessisauniversalphenomenon.Itisnotsurprisingthatsocialscientistsarelearningmoreaboutitscauses.Thefirstenvironmentalcauseofshynessmanybeachild'shomeandfamilylife.Today'schildrenaregrowingupinsmallerandsmallerfamilies,withfewerandfewerrelative

28、slivingnearby.Growingupinhomesinwhichbothparentsworkfulltime,childrenmaynothavethesocializingexperienceoffrequentvisitsbyneighboursandfriends.Becauseoftheirlackofsocialskills,theymaybegintofeelsociallyinhibited,orshy,whentheystartschool.Asecondenvironmentalcauseofshynessinanindividualmaybeone's&

29、#169;jHtudyInalargconductedinJapan,57percentofparticipantsratedthemselvesasshy.ResearchersHendersonandZimbardosay,“OneexpectationisthatinJapananindividualperformancesuccessiscreditedexternallytoparents,teachers,andothers,whilefailureisentirelyblamedontheperson.ThereforeJapaneselearnnottakerisksinpub

30、licandrelyinsteadongroup-shareddecisions.Technologymayalsoplayarole.IntheUnitedStates,thenumberofyoungpeoplewhoreportbeingshyhasrisenfrom40percentto50percentinrecentyears.Duetoourhugeadvancesintechnology,watchingtelevision,playingvideogames,andsurfingtheWebhavereplacedrecreationalactivitiesthatinvol

31、vesocialinteractionformanyyoungpeople.Adults,too,arebecomingmoreisolatedasaresultoftechnology.Face-to-faceinteractionswithbankclerks,gas5stationattendants,andshopassistantsarenolongernecessarybecausepeoplecanusemachinestodotheirbanking,filltheirgastanks,andordergoods.Inshort,theybecomeshy.Itappearsthatmostpeoplehaveexperiencedshynessatsometimeintheirlives.Therefore,ifyouareshy,youhavelotsofcompany.(307words)summary:清单一概括要点的根本技能举例小标题主题句总结句高频同关联同；转折、总结、举例同灵词替换同根词替换被动和主动转换从句转换支持