2019领军英语行政事业类

1、财务英语CONTENTSPart One 01介绍Part Two 02 阅读指南Part Three 03 英汉翻译Part Four 04 英文写作介绍Part One领军英语介绍内容：经济热点和热点的两篇英语文章题型：单选，多选，问答，翻译，写作分值分配：满分 50 分选择题 15 分（78 道题）问答题 10 分 （3 道题）翻译题 10 分 （2 道题）写作题 15 分难点文章长度1. 对阅读速度的要求：每篇 900 字左右的文章，阅读理解的时间掌握在 67 分钟以内，快速阅读（区分精读，泛读和略读），抓住文章主旨大意及总体结构12. 长篇论述的语言，具有完整性和连贯性，对考生理解和

2、储存信息的能力有，区分信息，非信息（边缘信息，无关信息） 首先快速浏览题目根据题目及文章长度分配阅读时间国际、国内热点熟悉度Part Two 阅读指南选择题题型领军英语的阅读题分为单选，多选主旨题细节题/排除列举题文本题态度题专题课阶段的阅读短篇阅读 5 分钟答题时间 5 分钟中长篇文章 7 分钟阅读先熟悉问题标注原文重点信息（对比比较，因果论证，说理论证；人名，地点，时间，引号）题目解读1. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that:a) drops in GDP used to produce serious social consequencesb) mac

3、roeconomic policy could cause a sharp drop in GDP2c) the economic significance of GDP is now held in doubtd) policymakers plan to use other measurements to replace GDP推论引申题，针对第一段过去和现在人们对 GDP 的看法和应用题目解读2. According to the author, which of the following should be included in the calculation ofGDP?a) N

4、ursing homes taking care of the homeless elderly.b) The government reconstructing the flood-hit areas.c) Consumers replacing old fuel with eco-friendly fueld) Poverty-stricken people cutting down trees for fuel.观点题，针对第二段作者对 GDP 计算方式的看法题目解读3. The 24-preson panel seems to believe that:a) life satisfac

5、tion has nothing to do with economic growthb) personal wealth growth means changes of relative position in societyc) GDP should be replaced by Gross National Happinessd) GDP is not the only measurement of economic performance观点题，针对三四段综合24-person 的观点题目解读4. Richard Layard and Nancy Folbre have differe

6、nt views ona) the concept of economic growthb) the source of economic growthc) the effect of economic growth on happinessd) the policy for economic growth推理引申题，针对第五段两人的不同观点题目解读5. The text mainly intends to express the idea that:a) affluence and happiness cannot be achieved at the same time3b) life s

7、atisfaction is more important than GDP growthc) happiness should be included as a measure of economic growthd) life satisfaction should be counted in the calculation of GDP全文主旨题语篇分析Searching for a better wealth measure than GDP 寻求比 GDP 更好的经济衡量标准【1】We treat it with a numerologists zeal. When it drops

8、, we assume that grave societalconsequences will follow. Macroeconomic policy is formed in its shadow. But now thegranddaddy of economic statistics cross domestic product GDP is under attack. A variety ofeconomists, psychologists and sociologists are beginning to say that（宾语从句） GDP is animprecise me

9、asurement of economic performance that（定语从句修饰 GDP） distracts policymakers from more important measures of societal well-being. 【长难句】我们以算数占卜术的热情来对待 GDP。当 GDP 下滑时，我们认为随之而来的是严重的后果。宏观经济政策在 GDP 的影响下形成。但是现在，这位经济统计学的老- 国内生产总值GDP 受到了。各路经济学家、心理学家和学家指出：GDP 不是衡量经济运行的精确指标，该指标分散了政策制定者对安乐更重要的衡量指标的注意力。第一段，提出观点，通过对

10、比说明 GDP 受质疑。前三句指出过去对 GDP 的推崇，第四句 but 指出 GDP 现状 收到。末句具体阐述第四季从而提出观点。语篇分析【2】Economists have long noted imperfections in how GDP the market value of all goodsand services produced in an economy is calculated. For instance, unpaid work that might benefitsociety, like raising children, is not included in

11、the calculations. Societal failures, however, oftenare: the cost of keeping 2 million people in prison boosts the USs GDP, as does fuel sales, despitethe correlation with traffic congestion and pollution. Sustainability is also ignored a heavilywooded country could see its GDP skyrocket if it turned

12、 over all its land to loggers.经济学家长久以来一直认为在如何计算 GDP 方面存在缺陷。例如，可能会造福的无偿工作，如养育，并不在计算的范畴之类。但是的作用却被包括其中：监管4200 万犯人的费用提升了美国的 GDP；尽管销售关系到交通拥挤和污染，单也提升了美国的 GDP。持续性也遭到忽视，如果一个森林覆盖率搞得将其林地全部移交给伐木工人管理，该国的 GDP 将会飙升。第二段从 GDP 计算方式论证观点。首句 中心句指出 GDP 计算方式存在缺陷。其他句子举例说明具体弊端。【3】A 24-person panel, called the Commission on

13、 the Measurement of EconomicPerformance and Social Progress, and other psychologists and sociologists have long noted that anincrease in personal wealth above a certaine has only a small effect on life satisfaction. Farmore important is a persons relative position in society how big your house is co

14、mpared withyour neighbors, as opposed to its absolute size. According to these studies, even if everyonese rose at a uniform rate a rising tide lifting all boats the growth would not make anyonesignificantly happier, at least not in the long term, because the relative position of people wouldnot hav

15、e changed.一个由 24 位成员组成的名为经济表现和进步委员会“的讨论小组和其他心理学家、学家长久以来一直认为，超过某一收入的个人增加只会对生活满意度有很小的影响。更重要的是个人在中相对位置，如相比邻居家的房子，你的房子大多少，而不是房子的绝对面积。这些研究指出，即使每个人的收入以同一速度上涨，水涨船高，但这种上涨使任何一个人觉得特别高兴，至少长期觉得特别高兴。因为人们的相对位置并没有发生改变。第三段从 GDP 与民众幸福感的相关性方面论证观点。前两句是小组对民众幸福感的研究：超过某一收入后影响小；中相对位置影响大。末句总结收入统一上涨并不一定伴随着幸福感的增加。语篇分析【4】Does

16、 this mean we should ignore growth altogether? The panel did not come up with asingle statistic to replace GDP, in the way that Bhutan a state of 600.000 people in southeastAsia has for years used Gross National Happiness as a GDP substitute. Instead, it suggests thatcountries publish an annual repo

17、rt, much like a corporation does, that includes a range ofmeasurements of well-being.5这是否意味着我们可以完全忽略增长呢？该小组并没有像不丹一样找到一种单一统计量来代替 GDP。位于东南亚拥有 60 万人口的不丹已经用幸福总值代替 GDP 很多年了。相反，该小组建议像公司一样用不一个年度报告，该报告中包含一系列的幸福指标。第四段补充观点。承接上文提出问题：GDP 的缺陷是否意味着忽略增长？后文给出答案：取代单一统计 GDP，用多种幸福指标衡量。【5】Richard Layard of the London S

18、chool of Economics agrees with the panelsmendations. He says policymakers need not worry about growth. “My View abouteconomic growth is that its absolutely inevitable,” he tells. “It simply the result of humancreativity, and it will go on forever. But that wont be a huge factor in making us happier.

19、 Whatcould make us happier is better human relationships.” But Nancy Folbre, an economist at theUniversity of Massachusetts who served on the panel, says a focus on growth can be helpful. Itsjust that we need to think of the concept differently. “Growth doesnt have to mean more stuff,”she says. “Isn

20、t that the point of the report, in a way? That growth doesnt have to mean growth inGDP?”伦敦经济学院的 RL 同意该小组的提议。他认为政策制定者不需要为经济增长担心。“我对经济增长的看法是：经济增长是绝对不可避免的，它只是人类创造力的产物，会无尽止的增长。但是它成为使得我们更幸福的因素。能使我们更有幸福感的是更好的人际关系。” 但是参与小组讨论的 NF 则认为关注增长是有帮助的。我们只是需要以不同的角度来审视这个概念。“经济增长并不意味着的东西。这在某种程度上不就是报告的观点吗？这种增长不一定要意味着 GD

21、P 的增长？”【5】Richard Layard of the London School of Economics agrees with the panelsmendations. He says policymakers need not worry about growth. “My View abouteconomic growth is that its absolutely inevitable,” he tells. “It simply the result of humancreativity, and it will go on forever. But that won

22、t be a huge factor in making us happier. Whatcould make us happier is better human relationships.” But Nancy Folbre, an economist at theUniversity of Massachusetts who served on the panel, says a focus on growth can be helpful. Itsjust that we need to think of the concept differently. “Growth doesnt

23、 have to mean more stuff,”6she says. “Isnt that the point of the report, in a way? That growth doesnt have to mean growth inGDP?”第五段补充观点，加深议题。前三句介绍无须关注经济增长；第四句转折提出另一种驳斥的观点，从而补充全篇观点：关注经济增长是有帮助的，只要是正确理解经济增长的概念，民众幸福感的增加也是经济增长的一种表现。文章结构观点论证型文章提出观点，论证观点，补充观点长篇结构总分总按部分区分1. It is indicated in paragraph 1 t

24、hat:a) drops in GDP used to produce serious social consequences将看法说成事实b) macroeconomic policy could cause a sharp drop in GDP 曲解原文，宏观经济政策根据GDP 制定，是否导致 GDP 下降 - 未提及。c) the economic significance of GDP is now held in doubt学者对 GDP 的看法，GDP不是衡量经济运行情况的唯一指标；政策制定者忽略其他队安乐衡量的指标，可推理 Cd) policymakers plan to us

25、e other measurements to replace GDP 曲解原文推论引申题，针对第一段指出的内容：过去和现在人们对 GDP 的看法和应用 认为 GDP 下滑会带来严重后果；以 GDP 为参照物制定宏观经济政策2. According to the author, which of the following should be included in the calculation ofGDP?a) Nursing homes taking care of the homeless elderly. 与原文列举例子类似，福利行为7b) The government recons

26、tructing the flood-hit areas.重建水灾灾区c) Consumers replacing old fuel with eco-friendly fuel 满足要素 2d) Poverty-stricken people cutting down trees for fuel.推理引申+作者观点题，针对第二段作者对 GDP 计算方式的看法，可纳入 GDP 计算范围的因素具有两个条件：为创造经济价值；不包含认为造成的成本（、破坏环境）3. The 24-preson panel seems to believe that:a) life satisfaction has

27、nothing to do with economic growth 影响小b) personal wealth growth means changes of relative position in society原文c) GDP should be replaced by Gross National Happiness 建议增加指标，并非替代 GDPd) GDP is not the only measurement of economic performance观点题，针对三四段综合24-person 的观点4. Richard Layard and Nancy Folbre hav

28、e different views ona) the concept of economic growthb) the source of economic growth RL 观点c) the effect of economic growth on happiness RL 观点d) the policy for economic growth 干扰选项推理引申题，针对第五段两人的不同观点：RL 认为政策制定者不需要担心经济增长，而且对幸福感影响小，区别对待经济增长和幸福感。NF 认为须关注经济增长，从不同角度审视增长的概念，包括传统意义的理解和报告提到的幸福指标。两位对概念的理解不一样5

29、. The text mainly intends to express the idea that:a) affluence and happiness cannot be achieved at the same time 富裕和幸福不可共存b) life satisfaction is more important than GDP growth 两者孰轻孰重c) happiness should be included as a measure of economic growth8d) life satisfaction should be counted in the calcul

30、ation of GDP 存在缺陷，原文没有提到包含幸福感全文主旨题：GDP 不是衡量经济运行的精确标准，理由（关乎福利的因素不在 GDP计算范围之内；GDP 增长无法体现民众幸福感增加），结论（应该重新审视经济增长的概念，不只包括 GDP，也要包括幸福感）延伸题1. The author would mostly agree with:a) GDP can be replaced by an element to measure social happinessb) GDP should be replaced by a more reasonable index of economic g

31、rowthc) GDP is the best index to reflect economy statusd) GDP is not equal to economic growth针对全文作者最有可能赞成的观点，引申推理衡量安乐的元素；合理计算经济增长的指标；GDP 最佳指标；GDP 不必等同于经济增长。延伸题2. 词义句意题What does “that growth” in the last sentence refer to?a) economic growthb) increase of Gross National Happinessc) personal wealth gro

32、wthd) personal position in society经济增长；幸福总值的增加；个人的增加；地位长篇阅读 8 分钟 -That sinking feeling of Euro-zone 欧元区郁郁不振9Part 1Euro-zone members agree that the single currency needs more integration, but disagree overhow.欧元区成员国一致同意整合单一货币，但在具体操作上莫衷一是。本文 Part1 a 至 c 主要是描述了欧盟及欧元产生的历史渊源，指出货币单一化在经济一体化的进程中起到极为重要的作用。长篇

33、阅读a) Many British Tory Eurosceptics trace their beliefs back to the 1992 Maastricht treatywhich agreed to create a single currency. To them, Maastricht represented a Franco-Germanstitch-up. The French president, François Mitterrand, accepted German unification, and inexchange the German chancel

34、lor, Helmut Kohl, agreed to give up the D-mark for the euro.众多英国保守党的疑欧者将自己的信仰追溯到 1992 年的马斯特里赫特条约，该条约同意创建一种单一货币。对他们来说，这份条约是法德两国关系的粘合剂。法国总统弗朗索瓦·密特朗(François Mitterrand) 承认德一，作为交换，德国赫尔穆特·科尔(HelmutKohl)同意放弃德国马克，转而使用欧元作为货币。长篇阅读1. Tory |tri| BritishA. noun(plural Tories) (member)英国保守党党员 (su

35、pporter)英国保守党支持者to vote Tory 投保守党的票B. Adjective 英国保守党的a Tory policy/government 保守策/2. Maastricht treaty：即马城条约。马城条约是指 1991 年 12 月 9 日至 10 日在荷兰的马斯特里赫特举行的第 46 届欧洲首脑会议上经过两天的辩论，最终通过并草签了欧10洲经济与货币条约和政治条约，合称欧洲条约，亦称马斯特里赫特条约（简称马城条约）长篇阅读b) In fact money was crucial from the very start of the European project.

36、In the 1950sJacques Rueff, a leading French economist, declared that “Europe will be made through acurrency, or it will not be made.” After the break-up of the Bretton Woods internationalmonetary system in 1971, European countries made many attempts, usually in vain, to ensurecurrency stability thro

37、ugh such arrangements as the “snake”, the European monetary system andthe exchange-rate mechanism.事实上从欧洲计划实施之初，货币就起着极其关键的作用。在 20 世纪 50 年代，法国杰出的经济学家Jacques Rueff 就断言，“没有统一的货币，就没有统一的欧洲。否则的话欧洲只会分崩离析。”，布雷顿森林国际货币体系(the Bretton Woods internationalmonetary system)之后，欧盟各国为保持货币的稳定性做了诸多努力，如建立“蛇形浮动体系”、欧洲货币系统和欧

38、洲汇率机制。然而这些尝试大多只是白费功夫。长篇阅读1. snake：即蛇形浮动体系。1979 年，为了继续推进“欧洲经济”进程，欧盟各国设立了“欧洲汇率机制”，简称“ERM，Exchange Rate Mechanism”。意思是各国汇率之间的变动幅度不能超过规定幅度的 2.25%，为未来“欧元”的推出做准备。举个例子，假设英镑和马克的汇率被设定为 1 比 2，那么当汇率变成 1 比 2.045 时，英国央行就必须在市场上出售英镑，压制英镑的汇率，以防汇率的波动范围超过设定值的 2.25%。如果将英镑兑马克的汇率画成一条线的话，那么汇率的比值就很像一条蛇在一个管道中行走的样子，可以向上、可以向

39、下，但都不能超出管道所规定的运行轨迹。因此这系也被称为“蛇形浮动体系（SnakeSeheme of Floatation）”。长篇阅读c) A move to a single European currency may have seemed a logical extension of such efforts,yet it was far more momentous. However fixed(倒装) an exchange-rate arrangement pretends11to be, it can be altered at any time., that is what h

40、appened repeatedly in the 1980s and1990s. The point of the single currency was to put an end to such disruption. By launching theeuro in 1999 and replacing national notes and coins in 2002, the EU was not just underpinning thesingle European market, its most successful project. It was also taking a

41、giant leap towards deeperpolitical and economic integration.向单一的欧洲货币转变，看上去也许只是这些尝试合乎逻辑的发展方向，然而它的意义要的多。不论汇率制度看上去有多么稳定，其实它在任何时候都能被轻易改变。事实上，这也是欧洲在 20 世纪 80 年代至 90 年代持续发生的事情。单一货币的要点就在于给这的画上终点。1999 年欧元，三年后取消成员国内和硬币的流通后，欧盟不仅巩固了单一欧洲市场(欧盟最为成功的项目)，也向成员国间更加深入的政治和经济整合迈出了一大步。Part 1 de 指出欧元内部存在两大缺陷, 概括其一的历史背景d)

42、Yet the design of the euro suffered from two big defects that still haunt the singlecurrency today. The first concerned the selection of countries that were able to take on thediscipline of joining a single currency. Clearly France had to be a founding member, but beyondthat the German government th

43、ought that, at least initially, the club should be kept quite small.The Maastricht criteria setting（主语） debt and deficit levels for would-be members may（谓语）not have made economic sense, but they made political sense to Germans keen to keep outunreliable Mediterranean countries, most obviously Italy.

44、 At Maastricht it was already clear thatBritain (and later Denmark) would stand aside.然而欧元的设计有两个遗祸至今的巨大缺陷。第一个缺陷与选择哪些能够遵守采取单一货币的规范有关。显然，法国必须是发起国之一，但是除此之外德国认为，至少在一开始，欧共体应该维持一个比较小的规模。马城条约为未来的成员国设置了债务与财政赤字上限，这些准则从经济的角度也许根本说不通，但在政治的角度却可行。德国希望借此一些不值得信赖的地中海，尤其是意大利。在马城，英国(其后是丹麦)就已经作出表态，表示加入这个组织。12e)During t

45、he 1990s Italy, too, toyed with letting economic and monetary union go aheadwithout it, partly because its public debt was far above the Maastricht ceiling of 60% of GDP,but also because its post-war economic success had been built on frequent devaluations. Yetwhen Spain and Portugal showed themselv

46、es determined to join the euro from the start, Italy, as afounding member of the club, felt it had to be there, too. The limits set in both the Maastrichttreaty and the later stability and growth pact were fudged, so that at the outset the euro zoneembraced 11 countries. Shortly afterwards Greece sn

47、eaked in as the 12th.在 20 世纪 90 年代，意大利受够了自己没能从欧共体这个经济和货币组织的迅猛发展中分得一杯羹。一方面其国债占收入总值的比例远超马城条约设置的 60%的上限，另一方面其战后经济的繁荣是建立在货币频繁贬值的基础之上。当西班牙和葡萄牙展示出加入欧元区的强大决心后，作为欧共体创立国一员的意大利，认为自己也到了加入的时候了。马城条约与其后欧洲稳定与增长公约设置的标准就这样被轻易绕过，因此在一开始欧元区就有 11 个成员国，后希腊也钻了空子成为欧盟的第 12 个成员国。长篇阅读1. fudgetransitive verb(evade)回避 issue, pr

48、oblem(falsify)篡改 accounts, figures;捏造 excuse, storyintransitive verb躲躲闪闪to fudge on something对某事含混其词2. at the outset: 起初长篇阅读13Part2 ac 都是这两大缺陷进行具体的描述，一是欧元区没有慎重地选择成员国，二是欧元区缺少一个紧急救援机制。这两大问题为随后欧元的爆发埋下了隐患。Part2Dont delay, reform today不要耽搁，现在就长篇阅读a) At first all went well, with robust growth and modest i

49、nflation. The Mediterraneancountries benefited from interest rates converging downwards. But that meant they could avoidthe pain of pushing through structural reforms to make their economies more competitive. Manyeconomists pointed out that such reforms were more necessary than ever for countries no

50、longer able to devalue or run their own monetary policy, but politicians were all too ready toavoid unpopular remedies. One result was a worrying divergence in growth and unit labor costs,a proxy for countries competitiveness.一开始事情进展都还顺利，经济发展势头强劲，通胀水平也适中。地中海获得利率下行带来的益处，然而这意味着它们本可以不用承受以结构性的方式增进本国竞争力的

51、痛苦。许多经济学家指出，此类对于无法执行的货币政策的来说比以往任何时候都要不可或缺，然而政客们已经准备好放弃不受欢迎的改进措施了。这带来的一个后果就是各国的经济增长率不一，以及作为衡量竞争力指标的劳工成本，会出现令人担忧的巨大。b) That was to cause serious trouble when the second big defect in the euro becameapparent towards the end of its first decade: its flawed architecture. There was a no bail-out rulebut n

52、o provision for what to do if national governments needed help, a serious omission giventhat their debts were now, in effect, denominated in a foreign currency over which they had nocontrol. The euro had no central funds that could be drawn on to assist members if they were hitby external shocks. Th

53、ough banks hade increasingly European in life, they remainedunavoidably national in death; yet national central banks had neither the ability nor the resources14to rescue or restructure the biggest ones. The European Central Bank (ECB), for its part, wasunable or unwilling to aa lender of last resor

54、t.在欧元区创办的第一个十年末，欧元固有的第二个缺陷变得越发明显，其漏洞的组织架构即将严重的问题。欧元区存在着一条纾困的条例，但是却没有条文指出如果有需要帮助的话到底应该怎么做。鉴于如今欧元区的债务都以外币欧元结算，又无法控制欧元的走势，这实在是一个严重的疏忽。如果欧盟成员国受到外来冲击的影响，欧元也没有可以动用的基金来帮助他们。尽管欧元区的日常业务越发，但若是却不可避免的是所在国的家事，毕竟尚没有哪一家央行有能力或资重组规模最大的那几家。就其自身而言，欧洲央行(ECB)是没有能力也没有源，来意愿充当成员国借款的最后一根稻草的。长篇阅读c) Enthusiasts for European i

55、ntegration did not see any of these problems as insuperable,because they expected monetary union to lead inexorably to closer political union. Many still do.But there was little sign of this during the euros first decade. Even the budget-deficit rules set bythe stability and growth pact were ignored

56、, with France and Germany ironically being identified in2003 as the first rule-breakers. When in 2009 the single currency, structurally vulnerable as it was,became engulfed by the biggest global financial crisis since the 1930s, its problems quicklybecame glaringly obvious.欧洲的狂热者们并没有把这些问题视为难以克服的，因为他们预计货币政策上的势必会带来更为紧密的政治上的。许多人仍然这样以为。但是欧元区成立的前十年丝毫没有显示出这样的迹象，许多成员国连欧洲稳定与增长公约