考研英语阅读理解真题解析第三篇“话说身高”

1、2008 Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however, he would have been one of 42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years

2、, and managers have been more than w lling to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了 42分之一了。这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的 身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材association ? s? usie? ? n n.联系

3、，联想;交际交往;协会社团【例】Lets form an association to help blind people.让我们建立一个协会来帮助盲人吧。dramatically dr? m?tikli ad.从戏剧角度；戏剧性地，显著地【例】I kept emphasizing how dramatically things have changed.我反复强调事情发生了多大的变化。adjust ? d? ? st vt.调整使适应于，校准 vi.调整，适应于，校准【例】 This electric pot can adjust the temperature automatically.

4、这种电饭锅能自动调节温度。1. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.【译文】可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了42分之一了。【解析】这句话是句虚拟语气，if + had done,后面接上would have done,这句话是过去时的虚拟语气， 中间的however是插入语。2. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have

5、been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbyyers of bigger, longer frames.【译文】这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人 也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。【解析】这句话是个并列句，由 and连接。前半句的主语是 The bodies, playing major professional sport 是对主语的补充， have changedll谓语，dramatically over the years

6、!状语。 后半句中， managers是主语，have been是谓语。The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. (3) Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today pseople - especiallythose born to families who have lived in the U.S. for ma

7、ny generations apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren likely to get any taller. In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we ve pretty much gone as far as we can go, saysanthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the ca

8、se of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。虽然现在人们比140年前高了 2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。他们已经不可能再长得更高了。“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达

9、到的范围了， Wright州大学的人类学家 William Cameron Chumlea说道。拿NBA球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员obscure ? bskju? a.微暗的难解的含糊的，晦涩的偏倔?的，不著名的vt.使阴暗，隐藏便含糊【例】 The drafting of this section of the Bill is obscure.草案上的这一项含糊不清。apparently ? p?r? ntli ad.表面上，似乎，显然地【例】 Apparently he wanted to be close to those common people.他显然想

10、接近那些平民。genetic d? ineitik a.遗传的遗传学的【例】 An enzyme that catalyzes genetic recombination.催化重级酶能催化基因重组的一种酶。anthropologist ?n (?rp? l? d? ist n.人类学家【例】 The anthropologist contrasted two cultures in his lecture.这位人类学家在讲座中将两种文化进行对比。recruit rikru:t n.新兵渐分子新会员，补给品vt.使恢复，补充，征募vi.征募新兵复原【例】 We recruit all our r

11、estaurant staff locally .我们从本地招所有的餐厅职员。3. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, todayespecially those born to s peoplefamilies who have lived in the U.S. for many generations- apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.【译文】虽然现在人们比140年前高了 2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明

12、显的，在二十世纪 60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。【解析】 这句话主语是 today s peopleThough typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago是 状语，especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations是对主语的补充， reached their limit 是谓语，in the early 1960s是时间状语。Growth, which rarely continues beyond

13、the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients- notably, protein - to feed expanding tissuesAt the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a

14、 half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height 5 9 for men, 5 4 for woithssn t-really changed since 1960.身高的增长一般在20岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。在20世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均

15、 每20年都增长了大概1.5英寸，这就是长高的趋势。根据疾病防治中心，从1960年开始，人们的平均身高, 男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就没有怎么改变了。tissue ti? u n.薄的纱织品，薄纸棉纸，组织，连篇【例】The process of dissolution and resorption of bony tissue.骨组织吸收骨组织分解和吸收的过程。adolescent ?d? ulesnt a.青春期的，青年的n.青少年【例】an awkward bad-mannered adolescent boy笨拙的没礼貌的青少年。secular sekju? n.牧师，俗人a

16、.世俗的，现世的不朽的，长期的【例】The choir sings both sacred and secular music.唱诗班既唱圣乐也唱世俗歌曲。4. Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients notably, protein - to feed expanding tissues.【译文】身高的增长一般在20岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。【解析】 这句话中 Growth是主语，which rarely contin

17、ues beyond the age of 2更定语从句，demands是谓 语,calories and nutrients是宾语。 notably, protein to feed expanding tissues!对宾语的补足。Genetically speaking, there are advantagesto avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though

18、 humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,says anthropologist

19、William Leonard of Northwestern University.总的说来，避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。而 且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压力，这些压力来源于双 足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构导致的。”西北大学的人类学家WilliamLeonard 说道。substantial s? bst?n? ? l n.重要部分，本质 a.实质上的，物质的，有内容的，结实的 【例】She realized a substantial return on the inve

20、stment她在那次投资中获得了实在的回报bipedal baipedl a.两足动物【例】large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having huge clawsM巨大的大型食肉类两足恐龙。strain strein vt.拉紧，绷紧;损伤，扭伤;紧张，勉强vi.尽力，使劲n. U拉紧，张力，应变;紧张【例】The great mental strain and overwork shattered his mind1（大的精神负担和过度劳累使他心智受损。architecture akitekt? ? n.建筑学 建筑术;建筑物;组织，结构【例】The stu

21、dy of ecclesiastical architecture and ornamentatio敝堂建筑学研究教堂建筑及装饰的学科。Genetic maximums can change, but don t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without a

22、lteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large,“ you could use today s data and feel fairly confident.基因的最大化

23、可以改变，但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。她说，不像那些篮球制 服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的 设备，Gordon说基本上，“你都能够使用现在的数据并且觉得非常地自信。”5. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass,ensures that 90 percent of the

24、 uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.【译文】Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。【解析】这句话中 Claire C. Gordon 是主语，senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass 是对主语的补充，ensures是谓语，that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit r

25、ecruits without alteration是that引导的宾语从句，90 percent of the uniforms and workstations是宾语从句中的主语，fit是宾语从句中的谓语，recruits是宾语从句中的宾语。31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example toA illustrate the change of height of NBA players.B show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.C compare different generations of

26、 NBA players.D assess the achievements of famous NBA players.31. 参考答案A【解析】A. Wilt Chamberlain 在第一段，先定位，In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been o

27、ne of 42. 世纪 60年 19初，Wilt Chamberlain 是 NBA 身高超过 7 尺的 3 人之一，如果 他打了最后一个赛季的话，他将是42人之一。说明后来 NBA中身高超过7尺的增加到了 42人。也就证明了 NBA运动员的身高变化。B.显示了美国NBA球员的名声，与原文不符。C.比较了 NBA两代的球员的区别，与原文不符。D.评估了著名NBA球员的成绩，与原文不符。故选Ao32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?A Genetic modificati

28、on.B Natural environment.C Living standards.D Daily exercise.32. 参考答案【C】【解析】 C. “ But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years,说明导致身高增长的因素有饮食和健康的改善，就是参考答案所说的生活水平。A.基因变化，这个与原文不符。B.自然环境，文中没有提及。D.日常锻炼，与原文不符。故选

29、C。答案解析身体成长方面，本文的一些表述非常明确：青少年身体成长受（摄取）热量、营养、饮食及 健康等因素的影响；在这些因素不成问题的情况下，成人身高受制于基因。问题是这个题目是问什么呢？ 是问成人的终极身高（这是 body growth的结果啊）呢，还是青少年的身体成长？如果基因变异（ Genetic modification） 一下，那么Genetic maximums可能就发生变化了，于是成人身高可能就会变化了（如大幅增 长），那么A不就产生重要作用了吗？但我还是倾向于选C,原因是：一、第二段里有In the general populationtoday, at this genetic

30、, environmental leve这句话，也就是在目前的基因和环境条件下，身高的增长已到尽头。如果基因算一个因素的话，那B选项也对呀，此题的难处在于，A、B、C、D逻辑上都是重要的影响因素，而且A、B也有明述。但这是单选题，所以 A和B可以同时被排除；二、明确阐述身体增长内容，集中于本文第三段，此处涉及的热量、营养、饮食及健康等因素均可以归因于Living standards,对吧？ D选项逻辑上是，但本文并未提及（注意题目要求是according to the text,即使没有这个文字，阅读题也要坚持这个原则），所以排除。本题能充分反映解阅读题的一个高超技艺要求：既要大胆地把合理的推

31、理的推出来，又 不能自作主张地加入文章未表述的元素（看见妇女想到粉臂想到大腿的思维方式非常有害，太多的干扰选 项是对这种思维方式下套）。当然，这个度有时把握起来比较难。33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?A Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.B Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.C Americans are the tallest o

32、n average in the world. D Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.33. 参考答案BB.原文“ Moreover, even though humans have been uprigfotr millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.立起来的姿势人类的身高收

33、到了限制。A.文中没有提及。C.美国人是世界上平均身高最高的，文中没有说到。D.个大的婴儿在孩童时期容易长得更高，这个原文没有说明。故选Bo答案解析A选项不对，是个简单的数学题，与此选项最相关的文字是这个：today s people - especiallythose born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations - apparently reached their limit in the early1960s但这只是说明了美国本地人的身高增长到了极限，这之外的美国人（姑且就算 Non-Americans吧

34、）， 身高增长还在继续。但他们是不是就增加了美国的平均身高呢？当然不是，你身高在增长，但有多高啊？ 如果长了半天，还没美国本地人高，那对美国的平均身高的作用就不是add吧？ B正确，There are some realconstraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism这里的 genetic architecture 就是前面 提到的bipedal posture或者本选项里的 upright postureo本选项里的 conditioned by对应原文里的 constraints,

35、 意为受限于。C选项根本没有提，D选项属典型的主观臆断，原文有：Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canalt 思是人类不能长太高了，否则生的时候困难，这个逻辑明显是，人类（成人）身材变高-胎儿变大。但反 过来是不是成立呢？至少从逻辑上不一定啊。34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near futureA the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.B the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.C genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsme