土木工程英语必背重要词汇

1、土木工程专业裂缝宽度容许值: allowable value of crack width 使最优化: optimized 次最优化: suboptimization主梁截面: girder section主梁: girder|main beam|king post 桥主梁: bridge girder 单墩: single pier 结构优化设计: optimal structure designing 多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports裂缝crack crevice刚构桥: rigid frame bridge 刚度比: ratio of rig

2、idity|stiffness ratio 等截面粱: uniform beam|uniform cross-section beam桥梁工程: bridgeworks|LUSAS FEA|Bridge Engineering 桥梁工程师: Bridge SE 预应力混凝土: prestressed concrete|prestre edconcrete 预应力混凝土梁: prestressed concrete beam 预应力混凝土管: prestressed concrete pipe最小配筋率minimum steel ratio轴向拉力, 轴向拉伸: axial tension 英语

3、重点词汇承台: bearing platform|cushioncap|pile caps 桩承台: pile cap|platformonpiles 低桩承台: low pile cap拱桥: hump bridge|arch bridge|arched bridge 强度: intensity|Strength|Density 刚强度: stiffness|stiffne|westbank stiffness 箍筋: stirrup|reinforcement stirrup|hooping 预应力元件: prestressed element等效荷载: equivalent load 等

4、效荷载原理: principle of equivalent loads 模型matrix model mould pattern承载能力极限状态: ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态: serviceability limit state 弹性: elasticity|Flexibility|stretch 平截面假定: plane cross-section assumption抗拉强度intensity of tension tensile strength安全系数safety factor标准值: standard value,|reference value

5、作用标准值: characteristic value of an action 重力标准值: gravity standard设计值: design value|value|designed value 作用设计值: design value of an action 荷载设计值: design value of a load可靠度: Reliability|degree of reliability 不可靠度: Unreliability 高可靠度: High Reliability几何特征: geometrical characteristic 塑性plastic nature plas

6、ticity应力图: stress diagram|stress pattern 压应力: compressive stress|compression stress 配筋率: reinforcement ratio 纵向配筋率: longitudinal steel ratio有限元分析: FEA|finite element analysis (FEA)|ABAQUS 有限元法: finite element method线性有限元法: Linear Finite Element Method裂缝控制: crack control 控制裂缝钢筋: crack-control reinfor

7、cement 应力集中: stress concentration 主拉应力: principal tensile stress非线性nonlinearity非线性振动: nonlinear vibration 弯矩: bending moment|flexural moment|kN-m 弯矩图: bending moment diagram|moment curve 弯矩中心: center of moments|momentcenter剪力: shearing force|shear force|shear 剪力墙: shear wall|shearing wall|shear pane

8、l 弹性模量 elasticity modulus 剪力图: shear diagram|shearing force diagram 剪力和弯矩图: Shear and Moment Diagrams 剪力墙结构: shear wall structure轴力: shaft force|axial force 框架结构frame construction板单元: plate unit 曲率curvature材料力学mechanics of materials结构力学: Structural Mechanics|theory of structures 弯曲刚度: bending stiffn

9、ess|flexural rigidity 截面弯曲刚度: flexural rigidity of section 弯曲刚度，抗弯劲度: bending stiffness钢管混凝土结构: encased structures极限荷载: ultimate load 极限荷载设计: limit load design|ultimate load design 板壳力学: Plate Mechanic主钢筋: main reinforcement|Main Reinforcing Steel 钢筋混凝土的主钢筋: main bar悬臂梁: cantilever beam|cantilever|o

10、utrigger 悬链线: Catenary,|catenary wire|chainette ribbed stiffener 加劲肋: stiffening rib|stiffener|ribbed stiffener 短加劲肋: short stiffener 支承加劲肋: bearing stiffener技术标准technology standard水文: Hydrology 招标invite public bidding连续梁: continuous beam|through beam 多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports wind res

11、istance 抗风: Withstand Wind |wind resistance 基础的basal初步设计predesign preliminary plan技术设计: technical design|technical project 施工图设计: construction documents design 基础foundation base basis结构形式: Type of construction|form of structure 屋顶结构形式: roof form地震 earthquake地震活动: Seismic activity|seismic motion 耐久性:

12、 durability|permanence|endurance 耐久性试验: endurance test|life test|durability test短暂状况: transient situation偶然状况: accidental situation永久作用: permanent action 永久作用标准值: characteristic value of permanent action可变作用: variable action 可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action 可变光阑作用: iris action偶然作用: a

13、ccidental action 作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects作用代表值: representative value of an action作用标准值: characteristic value of an action 地震作用标准值: characteristic value of earthquake action 可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action作用频遇值 Frequent value of an action安全等级: safety class|

14、Security Level|safeclass 设计基准期: design reference period作用效应: effects of actions|effect of an action 作用效应设计值 Design value of an action effect分项系数: partial safety factor|partial factor 作用分项系数: partial safety factor for action 抗力分项系数: partial safety factor for resistance作用效应组合: combination for action e

15、ffects 结构重要性系数Coefficient for importance of a structure桥涵桥涵跟桥梁比较类似，主要区别在于:单孔跨径小于5m或多孔跨径之和小于8m的为桥涵,大于这个标准的为桥梁水力: hydraulic power|water power|water stress 跨度span人行道sidewalk无压力: stress-free 净高clear height矩形rectangle无铰拱: arch without articulation|fixed end arch 荷载load荷载强度: loading intensity|loading inte

16、 ity荷载系数: load factor|loading coefficient 桥头堡bridgehead bridge tower美观pleasing to the eye beautiful artistic经济的economical oecumenical economic适用be applicable防水waterproof剪切模量: shear modulus|rigidity modulus|GXY 剪切强度: shear strength|shearing strength|Fe-Fe 扭转剪切强度: torsional shear strength剪切破坏: shear f

17、ailure|shear fracture|shear damage 纯剪切破坏: complete shear failure 局部剪切破坏: local shear failure永久冻土: permafrost|perennial frost 土的侧压力: earth lateral pressure收缩shrink pull back contract徐变: creep 摩擦系数: coefficient of friction|friction factor 风荷载: wind load|wind loading 风荷载标准值: characteristi cvalue of win

18、dload 风荷载体型系数: shape factor of windload温度作用: temperature action 支座: support|bearing|carrier 外支座: outer support|outersu ort 代表值: central value|representative value 结构自重: self-weightstructure|dead load 最不利分布: Least favorable distribution,抗震antiknock quake-proof earthquake proofing construction earthqu

19、ake-resistance earthquake proof钢结构steel structure钢结构设计: Design Of Steel Structure 钢结构设计规范: Code for design of steel structures 混凝土结构设计规范: Code for design of concrete structures 预应力混凝土结构设计软件: PREC温度梯度: temperature gradient|thermal gradient 动力系数: dynamic coefficient 制动力系数: Braking force coefficient 动力

20、学kinetics dynamics dyn内摩擦角: angle of internal friction 有效内摩擦角: effective angle of internal friction主效应main effect 主效应: Main effect, 主效应模型: Main effect model超静定的: hyperstatic 超静定结构: statically indeterminate structure 静定: statically determinate 静定梁: statically determinate beam 附属设备: accessories|access

21、ory equipment 稳定系数: coefficient of stabilization earth pressure at rest 静土压力: earthpressureatrest挡土墙retaining wall abamurus主动土压力: active earth pressure 被动土压力: passive earth pressure 土层soil horizon土层剖面: soil profile 土层剖面特性: soil-profile characteristics密度density thickness宽度width净距: clear distance|gaba

22、rit|Clearance 钢筋强度标准值: characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢材强度标准值: characteristic value of strength of steel折减系数: reduction factor|discount coefficient 强度折减系数: strength reduction factor 线性linearity线性代数linear algebra位移displacement位移角: angle of displacement|angle of slip 应变量: dependent vari

23、able|strain capacity uniform stress 均布应力: uniform stress 非均布应力: non-uniform stress 均布荷载: uniformly distributed load 集中荷载: concentrated load|point load 可变集中荷载: variable concentrated load 法向集中荷载: normal point load影响线: influence line 反力影响线: influence line for reaction 影响线方程: equation of the influence l

24、ine车辆荷载: car load|vehicular load|traffic load 计算跨径: calculated span重力加速度: acceleration of gravity 膨胀系数: coefficient of expansion|expansivity 术语term terminology恒载: dead load|deadloading|permanent load 活载: live load 楼面活载: floor live load概率分布: probability distribution 联合概率分布: Joint probability distribu

25、tion, 边缘概率分布: Marginal probability distribution,拱腹: soffit|intrados|arch soffit 三铰拱: three hinged arch 土木工程系: Department of Civil Engineering 土木工程师协会: ICE土木工程师协会: Institute of Civil Engineers 作用准永久值: quasipermanentvalueofanaction直径diameter验算: checking|check calculation 验算公式: check formula 变形验算: defo

26、rmation analysis建筑材料tignum刚度rigidity severity stiffness单元: cell|Unit|module 节点node位移方程式: strain displacement equation三维three dimensional 3d插值: Interpolation|interpolate|Spline 插值法: interpolation|method of interpolation 轴对称axial symmetry rotational symetry axisymmetric(al)应变矩阵strain matrix 应变矩阵: stra

27、in matrix 单元应变矩阵: element strain matrix 应力应变矩阵: stress-strainmatrix阻尼矩阵: damping matrix|daraf|damped matrix 弹性系数矩阵: elastic coefficient matrix雅可比矩阵: Jacobi matrix|jacobian matrix 刚度矩阵: stiffness matrix|rigidity matrix 质量矩阵: mass matrix|ma matrix 节点力: nodal forces 等效节点力: equivalent nodal force 节点荷载:

28、joint load|nodal loads 节点荷载: joint load|nodal loads 一致节点荷载: consistent nodal load应力矩阵: stress matrix 挠度: deflection|flexivity|flexure 转角: corners|intersection angle|rotor angle 单元刚度矩阵: element stiffness matrix边界条件: boundary condition|edge conditions 疲劳强度: fatigue strength|endurance strength 抗疲劳强度: f

29、atigue resistance 工程局: construction bureau 沉井基础: open caisson foundation 水泥cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石膏: Gypsum|plaster|Plaster of Paris 简支梁: simply supported beam|simple beam 简支梁桥: simple supported girder bridge 平衡条件: equilibrium condition|balance condition 约束条件: constraint condition|constraint 数值解: n

30、umerical solution|arithmeticsolution 力法: force method|brute force method 位移法: displacement method|di lacement method 力矩分配法: moment distribution method|moment diagram理论力学: Theoretical Mechanics 弹性力学: Theory of Elastic Mechanics 结构动力学: Structural Dynamics|Clough 高等结构动力学: Advancd Dynamics of Structures

31、 测量学: surveying|metrology|geodesy 道路工程: road works|highway construction 铁路工程: railway engineering|rairoad engineering 隧 道: Tunnels|subway|underpass 轨道: orbit|track|trajectory 砂子: sand 抗压强度pressive strength焊接技术: Welding Engineering Technology (WET) 断裂力学: Fracture Mechanics|fracturing mechanics 基础工程:

32、foundation engineering|foundation works 地质学: geology|die Geologie, opl.|geognosy 岩土力学: rock mechanics|rock-soil mechanics 工程力学: engineering mechanics 轴线axes拱脚: arch springing|abutment|spring 木桥: timber bridge|wodden bridge|Woodbridge 枕木sleeper crosstie残余应力: residual stress|remaining stress 复合应力: com

33、bined stress|compound stress 初始应力: initial stress|primary stress 屈服极限: yield limit|minimum yield|yield strength 疲劳屈服极限: fatigue yield limit应力幅值: stress amplitude冲击韧性: impact toughness|Impelling strength 反弯点: knick point|pointofcontraflexure 桁架: truss|tru|Girder 网架结构: space truss structure|grid struc

34、ture 锚孔: anchor eye 大跨度: High-span 柱: column|pillar|Clmn. Coloumn 常微分方程: Ordinary Differentical Equations|ODE|ODEs 增大系数: enhancementcoefficient 浮桥flying bridge raft bridge pontoon bridge pontoon float bridge 浮桥: pontoon bridge|pontoon|floating bridge 轮渡: Ferry|Ferries|ferry boat 钢桥: steel bridge 立面图

35、: elevation|elevation drawing|profile 背立面图: back elevation 平面图: plan|plan view|planar graph 泥石流: debris flow|rollsteinfluten|mud-rock flow 大型泥石流: macrosolifluction 滑坡泥石流: landslide模板: template|die plate, front board|formwork 沉降: settlement|sedimentation|subside 沉降缝: settlement joint 伸缩缝: expansion j

36、oint 路灯street lamp排水系统: drainage system|sewerage system 泄水管: drain pipe|Scupper Pipe|tap pipe 土力学: soil mechanics|Bodenmechanik 高等土力学: Advanced Soil Mechanics 扩展(扩大)基础: spread foundation 桩基础: pile foundation|pile footing|Pile 砂桩基础: sand pile foundation 群桩基础: multi-column pier foundation沉箱基础caisson f

37、oundation 沉箱基础: caisson foundation|laying foundation 管状沉箱基础: cylinder caisson foundation 气压沉箱基础: pneumatic caisson foundation桩承台: pile cap|platformonpiles 桩: pile|pile group|pale 灌注桩: cast-in-place pile|cast in place 管灌注桩: driven cast-in-place pile 灌注混凝土基础: cast-in-place concrete foundation承台结构: sus

38、pended deck structure工作机理working mechanism铆钉: rivet|rivet riv|clinch bolt 卵石: cobble|gravel|pebble 钢筋混凝土结构: reinforced concrete structure 预应力混凝土结构: prestressed concrete structure 软化: softening|mollification|malacia 强化: reinforcement|consolidate|intensification 固体力学: solid mechanics| 虚功原理: principle

39、of virtual work偏心距: eccentricity|throw of eccentric 偏心距增大系数: amplified coefficient of eccentricity强度准则: strength criterion 变形: Deformation|Transforms|deform 工程建设: engineering construction 石油工程建设: Petroleum Engineering Construction偏心受压: eccentric compression 偏心受压构件: eccentric compression member弹性支承:

40、elastomeric bearing|yielding support temperature load 温度荷载: temperature load施工控制: construction control 经纬仪theodolite transit instrument 夹具jig tongs clamp切线: tangent|Tangent line,|tangential line 水平角: horizontal angle|inclination 高程index elevation height altitude沼泽marsh swamp glade水准仪water level公寓apa

41、rtment砂浆mortar sand pulp骨料skeletal material aggregate骨料级配: aggregate grading|aggregate gradation 碱性的: alkalic|basic|alkalescent 耐碱性的: alkali-proof风洞试验: wind tunnel test先张法: pre-tensioning|pretensioning method 配合比设计: mix design|design of mix proportion 和易性: workability 渗透性osmosis penetrability水泥浆: gr

42、out|cement slurry|cement paste 对称的symmetrical symmetric(al)扭转 reverse turn around (an undesirable situation)扭转应力: torsion stress|warping stress 容许扭转应力: allowable twisting stress 扭转角: angle of torsion|angle of twist 夯实回填土: tamped backfill|tamped/compacted backfill 圆锥贯入仪: cone penetrometer 水化（作用）: hyd

43、ration 水化热: heat of hydration|heat of hydratation 振捣器: vibrating tamper|vibrorammer|vibrator 板振捣器: slab vibrator 破裂fracture burst结合力: binding force|Adhesion|cohesion 碎石gravel gravely脆性brittleness脆性材料: brittleness material|brittle material 脆性破坏: brittle failure|brittle fracture 素混凝土: plain concrete 素

44、混凝土结构: plain concrete construction含水量liquid water content钢筋: Reinforcement|bar tendon 主钢筋: main reinforcement|Main Reinforcing Steel 钢筋条: reinforcement bar|steel bar极限抗拉应力: ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度: ultimate tensile strength|UTS 混凝土板: concrete slab 预制混凝土板: precast concrete plank锚固: anchoring

45、|anchorage|Anchor 锚具: anchorage|anchorage device|ground tackle 削弱weaken埋置: embedding|elutriator|imbedment 预应力钢筋: prestressed reinforcement 回弹: resilience|spring back|rebound 有说服力的: persuasive|convincing|convictive 形心centre of figure centre of form centroid重心center of gravity (n) core; main part惯性矩: moment of inertia 极惯性矩: polar moment of inertia 质心centroid