轮机英语听力与会话口语评估练习

1、轮机英语听力与会话口语评估练习口述题第一章公共用语1. Theengineroom.(1) Positionoftheengineroomonboard.(2) Typeofmachineryintheengineroom.(3) Featureofmarinemachineryintheengineroom.Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainen

2、gine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant，isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS2(Theenginedepartment.(1) Intr

3、oductionoftheimportanceoftheenginedepartmentonboard.(2) Introductionofpersonneloftheenginedepartment.(3) Descriptionoftheenginedepartment.Theenginedepartmenttakesinchargeoftheengineroom.Theycanmakethemachineryespeciallymainengineworkingsmoothly,andantipollution.Thechiefengineercommandsthedepartment.

4、Thesecondengineer,thethirdengineerandthefourthallworkunderhisorder.Therearealsosomemotormeninthedepartment.Thecaptainisresponsibleforthewholeship.Oneofmajorresponsibilitiesofenginedepartmentistokeepthemachineryrunningsafelybyproperoperationandmaintenance.Crewmembersoftheenginedepartmentshouldoverhau

5、l,operateandmaintaintheequipmentstrictlybytherules.Wealwayskeepthemachinesinourengineroomingoodorder.3. Self-introduction.1) .Youreducationbackground2) .Yourworkingexperience3)YourfamilyMynameis,Iam,yearsold.Icomefrom,.Iamsingle.IgraduatedfromGuangZhouMarineTechnicalSchoolin2003.Ihavebeenworkingonbo

6、ardasanengineerforabout5years.Inmysparetime,Ilikelisteningtothemusic,readingbooksanddoingsomeexercises.Ilikemyjobverymuch.4. Yourdailyworkonboard1) Yourpositiononboard.2) Yourdutiesduringwatch-keeping3) yourexperience.Iworkasanengineeronboard.Ilikethelifeonboard.Mymainworkistokeepallthepipesandpumps

7、ingoodcondition.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairworksuchasrepairingtheaircompressororpumpcylinders.Asmyexperiencethemostcommonproblemisthepumpcylinders.5. Watch-keepingintheengineroom1) Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.2) Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.3) Heisgoingtohandovertheshift.Theenginee

8、rondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.Heshallbeabletoserviceallthemachinery.Hehastomaintainthemachineryingoodworkingcondition.Iamanengineeronboard.Iaminchargeofdeckmachinery,allpumps,lifeboat,dieselengineandsoon.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairwork.Whensomethinggoeswrong,Ihavetocheckandremedyit.6. Couldyouintr

9、oduceyourself?(1) Whatsyourname?(2) Wheredidyougraduate?(3) Whateducationdegreedoyouhave?Mynameis,Iam,yearsold.Igraduatedfrom,.University.ImajoredinEngineering.Ihavebachelordegreenow.第二章机舱日常业务1.Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.(SeeFig.2-1andFig.2-2)Therearemanydi

10、fferencesbetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.Forexample:(1)thegasolineengineisoperatedwithfour-stroke,butthedieselenginecouldeitherbeoperatedbyfourortwo.(2)Thedieselengineisstartedbycompressedairorelectricmotor,butthegasolineengineisnormallystartedbymotorandfiredbysparkplug.(3)Thedieselengine

11、isalargetypeusually,itcouldproducemuchmorepowerthanthegasolineengine,andithashighmechanismefficiency,soitsthemostcommonlyusedengineonboardship2.XiaoWangisacadetoftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim?Theengineroomistheheartoftheship

12、.Therearealotofmachinesthere.Thesemachinesprovidepowerorassistantfortheshipspropulsion,orthepowerofdailyusedforthecrew(dailylighting/cooking,).Themainenginewhichistheheartoftheengineroom,itcansupplypowerfortheshipspropulsion,soyoumustespeciallytotakecareofit.Thedonkeyenginelikeboilerswhichisusedforp

13、roducingsteam,aircompressorsarealsoimportant.Withoutthemtheshipcantoperate.Soasacadetoftheenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.3. XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducetheequipmentandmachinery

14、intheengineroom?Therearemanymachinesintheengineroom.Themainengineistheheartoftheengineroom;itcouldsupplypowerforthevesselspropulsion.Therearealotofdonkeyenginesintheengineroom:boilersforproducingsteam,freshwatergeneratorisusedtoproducefreshwaterfromseawater,aircompressorisusedtosupplycompressedair,.

15、Soasoneofenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.4. Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-3)Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsysteminclude

16、variousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistsofabosswithseveralblades.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.5. Lookattheillus

17、trationandsaysomethingabouttheprobabilityofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-4)Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedsfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequirestwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequirement.T

18、hatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginesrunning,whileitapproachesthewharf,ithastwoinrunning.6.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.(SeeFig.2-5)Thestructureoft

19、hemainengineisasfollows:(1) theconstructionmainlyincludesbedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.(2) Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframethereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylong

20、tie-rods.(3) Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.7. Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstressstatusofthemovingparts.(SeeFig.2-6)Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcritical/mainpartsofth

21、eengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.8. Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.(SeeFig.2-7)knurledpiston圆顶活塞domeheadpiston

22、凸顶活塞flatheadpiston平顶活塞crownheadpiston(convexheadpiston)凹顶活塞concaveheadpiston阶梯顶活塞9. Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypesofpistonring(SeeFig.2-8)Pistonsareusuallyequippedwithpistonrings.Therearedifferentkindsofpistonringsinused.Forexample:Inaccordancewithsubsectionshape按断面形状分,itcanbedividedintothefoll

23、owingtypes:halfkeystonering半梯形环Rectangularring矩形环ChamferRing倒角环Twistedring扭曲环andsoon.Bystructure，itcanbedividedintotwomaintypes:Scrapingoilring刮油环,GasRing气环,differentkindsofpistonringhasdifferentfunctions,butallinallitincludingthefunctionofsealing,conditioningoil,Thermalconductivity(heat),Direction(

24、bearing)密封、调节机油(控油)、导热(传热)、导向(支承)10. Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine.Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderline

25、rwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevariousmovingpartsenablestheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.11. Talkabouttheworkingprincipleof(oil)purifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.(SeeFig.2-9)Oilpurifiersareusedonboardshiptotreatfueloilandlubricatingoil.Theoiltobep

26、urifiedisfirstallowedtosettleinasettlingtank.Anylargeparticleswillsettleoutandcanbedrainedeverywatch.Aftertheoilhastimetosettle,itispassedthroughfinemeshedwirefilterstoremoveanycoarseparticles(油经过沉淀后，再通过细滤器去除大颗粒杂质).Theoilisthensenttotheoilpurifier.Anoilpurifierusescentrifugalforceforseparatingdirtor

27、waterfromoil.Oiltobepurifiedisallowedtoenterthebowlwhileitisrotating.Theheaviercomponentsintheoilarethusforcedoutwards.Thesolidparticlesthataretoofinetoberemovedbyfiltrationareforcedtowardsthecircumferenceofthebowl.(Oilpurifiersusuallymaintainalayerofwaterinsidethebowltoactasasealfortheoil.Withoutth

28、ewaterlayertoactasseal,theoilcanflowouttogetherwiththeparticlesandbelost.Therewillbearingthatactslikeabarrierbetweentheoillayerandthewaterlayer.Thisringisknownasdamringorgravitydisc.Themostcommondesignshaveconicalplatestoensuretheparticlestoclumptogether.Thelargerparticlesformedwillweighmoreandmorea

29、ndareabletobeseparatedfromtheoileasier.）12. Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofoilywaterseparatoraccordingtothepicturegiven.（SeeFig.2-10）Theoilywaterseparatorworksontheprincipleofcoalescingsmalloildroplets（聚结小油滴）inthewatertoformlargeroildrops.Whentheoildropsbecomeslargeenough,thelowerdensityoildropsfloat

30、supandcollectsatthetopofthevessel.Thewaterremainsatthelowerportionandispumpedoverboard.Theoillayerispumpedintoanoilybilgetank,whichcanbepumpedoutatanoilcollectingfacilitywhentheshiparrivesataport.Theseparatorconsistsofaverticalcylindricalpressurevessel（垂直的圆柱形压力容器）containinganumberofinvertedconicalpl

31、ates（反向的锥形板）.Theoilywaterenterstheseparatorintheupperhalfoftheunitandisdirecteddownwardstotheconicalplates.Largeglobulesofoilseparateoutintheupperpartoftheseparatorwhilethesmallerglobulesarecarriedbythewaterintothespacebetweentheplates.Therisingvelocityoftheglobulesarecarriedthemupwardswheretheybeco

32、metrappedbytheundersurfacesofplatesandcoalesceuntiltheenlargedglobuleshavesufficientrisingvelocitytotravelalong油滴向上的速度使油水theplatesurfaceandbreakawayattheperiphery.(向上运动，油滴在捕集板的下表面被捕集，并开始集合，直到油滴长大至有足够的上升速度沿捕集板的表面运动并在四周分离)Astheoilrises,itiscaughtunderneathanannularbaffle(在圆形挡板下面)andisledupthroughthetu

33、rbulentinletareabyriserstocollectinthedomeoftheseparator.Thewaterleavestheconicalplateviacentralacentralpipewhichisconnectedtoaflangeatthebaseoftheseparator.13. Talkabouttheanti-pollutionequipmentonboardship.Thereusuallyissomeanti-pollutionequipmentonboardships:theyareoilywaterseparator,incineratora

34、ndsewagetreatingsystem.(1)Oilywaterseparatorsareusedtoensurethatshipsdonotdischargeoilwhenpumpingoutbilgewateroroilywaterfromoiltankerpreventingoilcontaminatedspace.Theyshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithsomeformsoffiltersifgreaterpurityisrequired.(2)Theincineratorsareusedtoburnthesolidwaste.(3)Andsomebio

35、logicalsewagetreatmentplantsareinuseatseatotreatthesewagewaterthewholeshipproduced.Alltheseequipmentperformtheirdutiestopreventpollutionsfromshiptothesea.(Andwemusttakegreatcareaboutthemtomeetthelatestlegislativerequirements.)14.Talkabouttheoperationoftheballastsystem.(1)Theballastsystemisarrangedto

36、ensurethatwatercanbedrawnfromanytankortheseaanddischargedtoanyothertankortheseaasrequiredtotrimthevessel.Combineorseparatemainsforsuctionanddischargemaybeprovided.Whereatankorcargospacecanbeusedforballastordrycargotheneitheraballastorbilgeconnectionwillberequired.(2)Thesystemmustthereforebearrangeds

37、othatonlytheappropriatepipelineisinservice;theothermustbesecurelyblanked(安全隔离)orclosedoff.Theautomaticfillingofanytankmaybeobtainedbyopeningthevalveofseawatermainconnectedtothedischargemain.Foroperatingtheballastsystem,caremusttakenwhenweopenorclosetherelativevalves.Usuallytheballastpumpiscentrifuga

38、lpump,soitmustbeoperatedaccordingtotherequirement.15.Talkabouttheoperationofthebilgesystem.(Theoperationofthebilgesystemisanimportroutinework,whichneedsgreatcarefulness.Whenitisneeded,thefollowingproceduremustbestrictlyobserved:)1) Dischargethebilgetanksonebyone.2) Openandclosetherelevantvalveswhenc

39、hangingovertoanothertankaccordingtotheoperationprocedure.3) Stoppumpingoutwhenthebilgetankisnearlyempty.4) Payattentiontothefiltersandmud-boxes(油泥箱)toensurenoclogging5) Thedischargemustmeettherelativelegislativerequirements.6) TheoperationmustberecordedandreportedtoC/E.(Thedutyengineershoulddischarg

40、ethebilgesbeforehandingoverawatch.Andreliefengineershouldcheckthebilgelevelwhentakingoverawatch.)第三章驾机联系1.Communicationswithofficers.Inordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecom

41、municationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwillbeendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea.Noonreportisalsoagoodmeansofcommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridge.2.Noonreport.Noonreportmustberecordedeveryday.Itisatablewit

42、hthreecolumnsinit.Thefirstoneisaboutthedailyperformancedata;Therearesixlinesinthefirstcolumns,someofthedataofmainenginerunning,shipandvoyagearetobeenteredhere,suchasthetotalrevolutionsandaveragerpmofM.E.betweennoons;thespeedoftheship;thedistancetheshiphasmadeandthedistancestillremainstothenextportof

43、call;andofcoursetheETAwhichcanbecalculatedaccordingtothepresentspeedandsituations.Thesecondoneisabouttheremarksfromchiefengineerifhehasany;andthethirdisthelogofworkinghoursofthemainengineandauxiliaryengines.3.Takeoverwatch.Beforetakingoveranengineeringwatch,therelievingengineershouldcheckvariousthin

44、gs.(1)Heshouldreadthestandingordersandspecialinstructionsofthechiefengineer.(2)Heshouldbeawareofallworkbeingperformedonmachineryandsystems.(3)Heshouldcheckthelevelandconditionoffuel,waterorresiduesintanksandbilges.(4)Heshouldknowtheconditionandmodeofoperationofthemainandauxiliarysystems(5)Heshouldal

45、socheckothernecessarythings.4. Handoverwatch.Atthecompletionofthewatch,eachmemberofwatch-keepingshouldhandovertohisrelief,ensuringthatthereliefiscompetenttotakeoverandcarryouthisdutieseffectively.Beforegoingoffduty,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliarymach

46、ineryaresuitablyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialinstructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatch-keepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified.5. Standbyeng

47、inebeforedeparture.Whenstanding-byengineforsailing,weshoulddovariousthings.(1)Weshouldcheckvarioussystemsandpartsofthemainengine.Weshouldwarmupthemainengine.Weshouldengagetheturninggearandgivetheengineatleastonecompleteturn.(2)Afterinformingthebridge,wewillgivethemainengineabrieftrialonpoweraheadand

48、astern.Finally,wewillring“stand-by”ontheenginetelegraph.6. Standbyengineaftersailing.(1) Whendoyoubeginstandbyengine?船舶抵达锚地或进港需要备车。Standbyshouldbedonewhenshipreachinganchorageorwharf.(2) Howdoyoustandbyengine?老型机应使用轻质燃油。起动另一台发电机提供备用电力，起动空气瓶应随时补足空气，并随时注意和保持汽笛空气瓶的气压处于正常范围之内，以备驾驶台使用。Theoldstyleenginesh

49、ouldbestartedbylightdieseloil.Startanothergeneratortosupplystandbypower.Startingairreceivershouldbechargedatanytime,andbesuretokeepthepressureinwhistleairreceiverinnormalscaleforbridgereadyuse.7. Measurestobetakenbydutyengineersatroughsea.Whensailingatroughsea,theshipwillpitchandrollviolently.Sowesh

50、ouldpumpuptheslacktanksandsecuresomemovablethings.ThemainenginespeedmayexceedthemaximumallowableRPMbecausethepropellermaybeabovetheseasurface.Theshipsspeedmaybereducedbecauseofgreaterresistance.Soweshouldcloselyobservetheworkingconditionofthemainengine.Andweshouldgetreadytorespondtoanyemergencycondi

51、tions.8. Actionstobetakenafter“Finishedwithengine”isgiven.(1) whendoyoubeginfinishingwithengine?(2) howdoyoufinishwithengineAfter“finishedwithengine”isgiven,weshouldtakethefollowingactions:(1) Ensurethatthetelegraphisatstop;(2) Ensurethatthefuelcontrolorspeedadjustingleverisatzero;(3) Ensurethatthes

52、tartingairleverisintheneutralposition;(4)Shutthestartingairvalvesandthestartingairtanks;(5) Openthedraincocksonthestartingairmanifold;(6) Shutoffthefuelboosterpumpandsteamtothefuelheater;(7) Engagetheturninggearandlockthelever,opentheindicatorcocks;(8)By-passthejacketwaterandlubricatingoilcoolersand

53、continuecirculatingthecoolant;(9) Graduallyreducethecoolingwatertemperatureoveraperiodof8hours;(10)Turnthemainenginethrough3or4turnsatfirstandthroughoneturnatintervalsduringcooling.Besidesthese,therearealotofotherthingstobedone.9. Talkaboutsteeringgeartesting.Thesteeringgearisforensuringsatisfactory

54、operation.Thisjobshouldbedonebeforeashipsdeparturefromanyport.Thetestingshouldinclude:1) Operationofthemainsteeringgear.2) Operationoftheauxiliarysteeringgearoruseofthesecondpumpwhichactstheauxiliary.3) Operationoftheremotecontrolsystemorsystemsfromthemainbridgesteeringgear.4) Operationofthesteering

55、gearusingtheemergencypowersupply.5) )checkingoftherudderangleindicatorreadings;6) )checkingofthealarmsfittedtotheremotecontrolsystemandthesteeringgearpowerunits.Duringthesetests,theruddershouldbemovedthroughitsfulltravelinbothdirections.Thecommunicationsystembetweenthebridgeandthesteeringgearcompart

56、mentshouldalsobetested.10. ActionstobetakeninthecaseofthetrialofmainengineBeforethetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineerwillaskthemotormantowarmupoilfuel,lubricatingoilandtheengine.Thesystemsoflubricatingoil,coolingwaterandfueloilshouldbechecked,preparedandtheirpumpsturnedon.Thecompressedairsystemshould

57、bedrained,chargedanditsvalvesopened.Thenturnandruntheenginebyputtinginstartingair.Afterthetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineershouldwritedownthestartingairpressurevaluesforeachtimetheengineisstartedaheadandastern.Anyabnormalconditionfoundduringthetrialshouldbewrittendownanddealtwithassoonaspossible.11.

58、 TalkaboutEngineRoomOrders.Orderslike“deadslowahead”“halfastern”“fullaheadstop”aresomeexamplesofengineroomorders.Theenginetelegraphisadevicewithapointerandhandle,whichisusedtoconveyordersbetweenthebridgeandtheengineroom.Whenthepersonnelonthebridgemovethehandleofthetelegraphonthebridge,thereisacorrespondingmovementofthepointeroftheengineroomtelegraphtogetherwiththesoundofagong(盘形钟).Theengineermaneuveringtheengineattheengineroomonhearingthegongandthemovementofthepointerwillacknowledgetheorderbymoving