英语科技文双语版

1、科技文1 .单心室辅助人工心脏应用于实验动物山羊，存活11天又23小时。在存活期间，动物心电图，中心静脉压，呼吸，体温等参数基本正常。石泵分流量可调，驱动装置连续工作11天，性能稳定可靠。动物死后的病理解剖表明，死亡的主要原因是肾动脉的广泛性血栓引起的急性肾功能衰竭。Auniventricularassistantartificialheartwasappliedtotheexperimentgoat,whichsurvivedfor11daysand23hours.Duringtheperiodofsurvival,theparameterssuchasE.C.G.,centralvenou

2、sbloodpressure,respirationandtemperatureappearedtobeessentiallynormal.Thenecessaryamountofbloodflowwaswellregulatedbythepump.Thedrivingsystemworkedcontinuously,smoothlyandreliablyfor11days.Postmortempatho-anatomyrevealedthatthechiefcauseoftheanimaldesathwasacuterenalfailureasaresultofwidespreadmulti

3、pleembolismofrenalarteries.2 .中国已经成功地发射了第一颗试验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。ThesuccessfullaunchingofChinafirsstexperimentalcommunicationsatellite,whichwaspropelledbyathree-stagerocketandhasbeeninoperationeversince,indicatesthatournationhasenteredanewstageinthedevelopmentofcarrie

4、rrocketsandelectronics.3 .石墨晶体结构遭到破坏时，总是碎化为微小尺寸的片状粉末。孤立的石墨烯片在其边缘存在大量的悬挂键，使得石墨烯片的能量较高，状态也不稳定。石墨烯片卷曲形成碳纳米管后，悬挂键减少，系统能量相应降低Whenagraphitecrystaliscrushed,itbreaksintomicro-scaledlaminarflakes.Therearemanydanglingbondsontheedgeofanisolatedgraphitemicro-sheetwhichelevatesitsenergyandmakesitunstable.Whenag

5、raphitemicro-sheetcurlsintoananotube,thenumberofdanglingbondsdecreases,andthesystemenergyisreducedaccordingly.4 .舌诊是传统中医诊病的重要方法，然而传统舌诊中存在一个很大的问题是具有主观性，难于进行定量化描述。随着计算机技术的发展，图像处理和模式识别技术正在用于舌诊的辅助诊断。TonguediagnosisisanimportantdiagnosticmethodintraditionalChinesemedicine.However,oneimportantprobleminton

6、guediagnosisisthatitspracticeissubjective,qualitativeanddifficultinautomateddiagnosis.Recentlyitisatrendtoutilizetheimageprocessingandpatternrecognitiontechnologyinaidofthequantitativeanalysisoftongueimage.5 .指南针是利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性而制成的一种指向仪器，它和以差动齿轮结构的指南车不同。我们现在所说的指南针是个总的名称，在各个不同的历史发展时期，它有不同的形体，也有不同的名

7、称，如司南、指南鱼和指南针。关于指南针的最初发明者和发明年代现在无可查考。但是有一点是清楚的：指南针是我国古代劳动人民在长期的生产实践中集体智慧的结晶。Amagneticcompassisaninstrumentshowingdirectionbasedonthephenomenonthatamagneticbarorneedleswingingfreelyintheearthsmagneticfieldwilldirectitlieinamagneticsouth-northposition.Itdiffersfromthesouth-pointingchariotinthatthelatt

8、erhasdifferentialgearing.Theterm“compassi”nthisarticleincludesallthevariousmodelsindifferenthistoricalperiods,amongthemtherearetheSinan,theZhinanyuandtheZhinanzhen.Theinventorandtheexactinventiondatesremainunknown,butitisclearthattheprimitivemagneticsouth-pointinginstrumentappearedveryearlyinChinaas

9、aresultoftheknowledgepeoplegainedoverlongyearsoflabor.6 .原油一般发现地下之深处，只通过对地表面的研究是不能确定油的存在的。因此必须进行地下岩石结构的地质勘测。如果认为某地区的岩石中有油，就架起钻井机。钻井机最显目的部分是称之为起重机的高塔。钻孔后放下管道，起重机就是用来起吊一节节管道的。钻井时，将钢管压进孔道，既能防止四壁向内塌陷，又能防止水灌进孔道。一旦发现了油，油管的顶端就牢牢地套上一个盖子，这样油便通过一系列的阀门源源不断地喷出来。Asoilisfounddeepintheground,itspresencecannotbedet

10、erminedbyastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrockstructuremustbecarriedout.Ifitisthoughtthattherocksinacertainareacontainoil,adrilling-rigisassembled.Themostobviouspartofadrilling-rigisatalltowerwhichiscalledaderrick.Thederrickisusedtoliftsectionsofpipe,whichareloweredin

11、totheholemadebythedrill.Astheholeisbeingdrilled,asteelpipeispusheddowntopreventthesidesfromfallinginandtostopwaterfillingthehole.Ifoilisstruck,acoverisfirmlyfixedtothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvales.7 .“苏钢”操作的要点是：先把料铁放到炉里鼓风加热，后把生铁的一端斜放到炉口里加热，继续鼓风，使炉内温度不断升高。当炉温在摄氏一千三百度左右的时

12、候，炉内的生铁不断地往下滴铁水，料铁已经软化。然后钳住生铁块在炉外的一端，使铁水均匀淋到料铁上，并且不断翻动料铁。这样就产生剧烈的氧化。淋完以后，停止鼓风，夹出钢团，砧上锤击，去除夹杂。一般要淋两次。“苏钢”冶炼高明的地方主要有二点：一是料铁组织疏松，含有大量的氧化夹杂，硅、锰、碳含量也比较高，炼的时候氧化剧烈，造成一定的渣、铁分离。二是料铁中铁的氧化物氧化了生铁中的碳以后，铁便被还原出来，这样就提高了金属的收得率。Themainstepsinprocessingsusteelareasfollows:wroughtironisputintothefurnaceandheatedwithabl

13、ast,thenoneendofacast-ironblockisplacedobliquelyinthefurnaceopeningtobeheated.Theblastismaintainedsothatthetemperaturecontinuestorise.Whenafurnacetemperatureofabout1,300isreached,thecastironwillmeltandstarttodrip,whilethewroughtironissoftened.Thecast-ironblockisthenheldintongsfromtheoutsidetoletthem

14、oltencastirondripevenlyontothewroughtiron,whichisbeingsteadilystirredtocausestrongoxidation.Afterdripping,theblastisstoppedandthesteelmasstakenoutandhammeredtoremoveimpurities.Thisdrippingshouldgenerallybedonetwice.Susteelsmeltinghastwoadvantages:duringthepouringprocessthereisstrongoxidationwhichres

15、ultsinseparationofslagandiron,thewroughtironbeingsoftinstructureandcontaininglargeamountsofoxideimpurities,andalsosilicon,manganeseandcarbon.afteroxidesinthewroughtircauseoxidationofthecarboninthecastiron,ironwillbedeoxidized,givinghigherratesofmetalreclamation.8 .吸拔时先用右手食、中指夹持罐腹，用拇指按压罐底，使气罐变成凹底形状，随

16、后把气罐平放于应吸部位上，再用左手拇、食两指固定罐口，右手拇、食两指移到罐腹进行挤捏，使罐底凸起，一旦罐底变成凹形就可牢固吸着。First,clampthebellypartbetweenyouright-handforeandmiddlefingers,pressthethumbagainstthebottomsothattheairjarbecomesconcave;thenlaythejarmouthonthepartofthebodytobecupped.Second,fixthejarmouthwiththeleft-handthumbandforefinger,thenmoveth

17、eright-handthumbandforefingertosqueezethebellypartsothatthebottomofthejarbecomesconvex.Oncethebellypartisconcavethejariscuppedtightly.9 .到了清代康熙年间，我国大规模地开展全国性地图测量工作，绘制皇舆全图的时候，吸取了欧洲制图理论中考虑大地是球面的优点，进行经纬度测量，并且采用了地图投影方法。但是我国传统的制图理论，讲求比例尺寸、方位和距离的准确，仍然是测绘地图所必须遵守的重要原则。DuringthereignoftheEmperorKingXi(1662-1

18、722)intheQingDynasty,acompletegeographicalsurveyoftheempirewascarriedoutinpreparingHuangYuQuanTu(CompleteAtlasoftheImperialDomain).TheEuropeanmethodofregardingtheearthsurfaceasaspherewasadopted.Latitudeandlongitudesurveysweredoneandtheprojectmethodwasusedindrawingthemap.Nevertheless,thetraditionalCh

19、ineserulesofmap-making-accurateproportion,correctorientationandprecisedistance-werecloselyadheredtobycartographerspfthosedays.10 .虚拟网络是一种依赖互联网基础设施所提供的传输能力，但又具有独立拓扑结构和信息传递规则的应用层网络行为逻辑网络。人们利用新型耦合抽象模型考察典型的虚拟网络逻辑拓扑给互联网整体特性带来的影响。结构表明在虚拟网络作用下，节点数据包排队长度存在相变特性，相变临界点比对规则网络发生了明显左移，网络性能相对恶化。当数据包注入速率小于相变临界速率时，节

20、点数据包排队长度不相关或短程相关；在接近临界速率处，节点数据包排队长度长程相关，幂指数大，网络获得更强的长程相关性。同时，在注入速率大于或等于临界速率时，虚拟网络行为使网络呈现出一致的长程相关特性。Avirtualnetworkisdefinedasalogicalnetwork,inwhichusersexhibittheiraccessbehaviors.VirtualnetworksrelyonphysicalcomputernetworksliketheInternet,butheredifferenttopologies,andcausesignificantinfluenceont

21、hephysicalnetworks.Anoveltwo-tiermodelisusedtostudyinfluencesofvirtualnetworkstoInternetcollectivebehavior.Itisshownthatthequeuelengthsofthenodedatapacketspresentphasetransitioncharacteristics.Moreover,thephasetransitioncriticalpointmovestotheleftandnetworkperformanceisdeteriorated.Inafreeflow,theno

22、desareindependentofeachotherorshort-rangecorrelative.Inthecriticalstate,thenodesarelong-rangecorrelative,andthereexistsahigherpowerexponentHwhichmeansstrongerlong-rangecorrelation.Whenthesystemstateisontherightofcriticalpoint,virtualnetworkbehaviorsmakethenetworktopresentconsistentlong-rangecorrelat

23、ivecharacteristic.21 .摘要：采用红外扫描仪、扫描电镜以及电子束诱生电流仪研究了不同温度和不同冷却速度下原生直拉单晶硅的铜沉淀规律。红外扫描仪观察发现：只有在热处理温度高于800C的样品中才能观察到铜沉淀团，表明在原生单晶硅中铜沉淀温度为800C。同时，红外扫描仪和电子束诱生电流谱仪照片显示，快冷（30K/s）时，形成高密度的小铜沉淀团；而慢冷（0.3K/S）导致低密度、巨大的星形铜沉淀团的形成。实验还发现慢冷所形成的星形铜沉淀团对少数载流子具有更强的复合强调。最后，讨论了原生直拉单晶硅中铜沉淀规律的机理。Abstract:Scanninginfraredmicroscop

24、y(SIRM),scanningelectionmicroscopy(SEM),andelectronbeaminducedcurrent(EBIC)areusedtoinvestigatetheprecipitationbehaviorofcopperinas-grownCzochralskisilicon.Copper-precipitatecoloniescouldbeobservedthroughSIRMonlyinthespecimensthatexperiencedannealingattemperaturesgreaterthan800C.Theseresultsindicate

25、thatthecopperprecipitationtemperatureintheas-grownCzochralskisiliconisapproximately800C.Inaddition,SIRMandEBICimagesshowthattinycopper-precipitatecolonieswithhighdensityformedinthespecimensunderair-cooling(30K/s),whilelargestar-likecolonieswithhowdensitygeneratedinthespecimensunderslowcooling(0.3K/s

26、).Furthermore,therecombinationabilityofthetinycopper-precipitatecolonies.Finally,themechanismofcopperprecipitationinas-grownCzochralskisiliconisdiscussed.Keywords:siliconcopperprecipitation22 .摘要：本文借助于没有P舔件的翻山引理，并利用Sobolev嵌入的最佳达到函数，克服了由于Sobolev嵌入失紧性而带来的系列困难，证明了含临界增长的两类双调和方程边值问题非平凡解的存在性。关键词：PS条件翻山引理最

27、佳嵌入常数双调和方程Abstract:WiththehelpoftheMountain-PassTheoremlackingPalais-Smalecompactnesscondition(PS)ccondition)andbyadoptionofthebestattainedfunctionofSobolevembedding,thepaperprovestheexistenceofnontrivialsolutionsoftwoclassesofcriticalbiharmonicequationsonboundaryconditionsbyovercomingserialdifficul

28、tiescausedbylossofcompactnessduetoSobolevembedding.Keywords:(PS)cconditionMountain-PassTheoremBestEmbeddingConstanceBiharmonicEquations23 .摘要：车身设计在汽车设计中，占有极其重要的地位。本文根据现代设计方法的要求，在与传统设计相比较的基础上，对客车车身造型设计、零部件有限元分析、内饰设计、色彩设计及其一体化设计界方法进行了研究，增加了各设计阶段之间的相关性，以达到协同设计的目的。关键词：客车车身设计有限元分析内饰设计色彩设计Abstract:Thebody

29、designisofgreatimportantinbusdesign.Onthebasisofcomparingtraditionalandmoderndesignmethods,theauthorsofthispaperillustratetheresearchtheyhavemadeontheintegrateddesignmethodofbodydesignwhichsatisfiestherequirementsofthemoderndesignmethod.Thisresearchhelpstoincreasetherelativityofdifferentdesignphases

30、fortherealizationofgoodcooperativedesign.Keywords:modelingofbusbodyfiniteelementanalysisinteriorornamentcolordesign24 .摘要：将定性和模糊性评价合理地转化为定量评价，进而选择最优设计解，是产品创新设计过程中重要的一步。论文运用模糊综合评判与比较的方法，以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0为软件平台，建立了一个计算机辅助的设计方案择优系统。该系统提供了对产品设计方案进行定量评价和择优，以及对择优结果存档、调用和打印等功能。关键词：产品创新设计方案择优模糊综合评判Abs

31、tract:Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproductdesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodo

32、ffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.Keywords:innovativeproductdesignselectionofoptimumsolutionfuzzycomprehensivejudgment25 .采用真空顺序蒸发铜铟金属预置层后真空(硒化法)，以及真空三元叠层蒸发后氮气气氛退火的

33、方法(叠层法)分别制备太阳电池吸收层材料CuInSe2薄膜。通过X谁信安衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线分析技术等分析手段对薄膜进行了表征。结果表明：两种方法制备的薄膜形貌都比较致密均匀，晶粒直径分别约1.5和1成分分析表明所制薄膜均为富铜CIS硒化法制备的CIS薄膜具有单一的黄铜矿相结构；而叠层法制备的薄膜含有少量杂相，如&2In2Se2等。因此硒化法制备的薄膜更适用于座位太阳能吸收层材料。Abstract:TheCuInSe2(CIS)filmswerefabricatedbyselenizationofevaporatedmetallicprecursorsandvacuumevap

34、orationofstackedelementallayers(SEL)followedbyathermalannealingstep.Themorphology,microstructureandcompositionofthefilmswereinvestigatedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),X-raydiffraction(XRD)andenergydispersiveX-rayspectroscopy(EDX).Theresultsshowthatthesetwothinfilmsarebothcompactanduniform.Thegrai

35、nsizesofthetwokindsoffilmsare1.51.0dm,respectively.AllthemsmadebythetwomethodsareCu-richandshowp-typeconduction.However,theCISthinfilmsfabricatedbytheformermethodconsistofasinglephaseofchalcopyritestructure,whilethosefilmsfabricatedbythelatermethodcontainimpurityphasessuchas-In2Se3besidesCISphase.Th

36、ustheformermethodisbetterforfabricatingtheCISabsorberinsolarcells.1 .混合选择法，就是根据育种的目的，每年按照一定的经济目的，从大田或留种地中，选出一定的优良植株，经过复查，去掉不良植株，把全部优良植株混合脱粒、混合储藏和播种，并且和原品种以及标准品种进行比较。这样经过连续几年的选择，就可以从混杂群中选出性状一致的优良品种。MixSelectionreferstoselectingandre-selectingfineplantsinthefieldsorseedplotseachyearaccordingtoadefinit

37、eeconomicpurpose.Thoseundesirableareeliminated,theremainingfineplantsarethreshedtogether,storedtogetherandtheirseedsaresowedtogether.Comparisonsaremadebetweenthemixedfineplantsandthestandardones.Withsuchatreatmentinseveralsuccessiveyears,finetypesofplantsinuniformpropertiesandshapecanbeselectedfromt

38、hemixedgroups.2 .科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显着下降而无任何明显的不良反应。该药能干扰脑中的食欲控制系统，并阻止脂肪组织的积聚。服药的试验用小鼠减少的体重高达其体重的三分之一。在给小鼠服用被叫作C75的减肥药之后20分钟内，这些小鼠失去了进食的兴趣，仅满足于其正常进食量的10%生存。更重要的是，该药似乎能阻止代谢率的严重下降。代谢率的下降通常会引起疲劳乃至昏睡，这是以处于饥饿状态的饮食来维持生命时所出现的典型现象。实验结果显示，服用该药的小鼠于喂给相同数量食物的小鼠相比，其体重下降了45%以上，但后者则变得比较懒怠，即以减少活动量的方法来为脂肪

39、酸合酶”的一种酶结合在一起。这种酶参与了把过量的食物摄取转化成脂肪储存起来的过程。对这种酶的抑制导致在肝脏中产生一种化学物质，该物质是预示脂肪沉积的先兆，被认为会对脑产生一种的作用，从而抑制食欲。在正常情况下，当动物节制饮食时，一种被称为神经肽Y的激素就在脑的食欲控制中心急剧增加，从而刺激食欲。然而，当给动物服用了C75时，该激素就下降，使其失去对食物的兴趣。Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyappare

40、ntilleffects.Thedruginterfereswithappetitecontrolandpreventsthebuild-upoffattytissue.Laboratorymicegiventhedruglostuptoathirdoftheirtotalbodyweight.Within20minutesofbeinggiventhedrug,calledC75,themicelostinterestineatingandsurvivedapparentlycontentonjust10percentofthefoodtheywouldnormallyeat.Moreimp

41、ortantly,thedrugappearstopreventaseriousdeclineinmetabolicratecausingtirednessandlethargywhichistypicallyassociatedwithlivingonastarvationdiet.Asaresult,micetakingthedruglost45percentmoreweightthanmicefedthesameamountoffood,whichcompensateforthelackoffoodbybecomingmoresluggish.Thescientistsbelieveth

42、atC75,whichtheyproducedsyntheticallyinthelaboratory,bindstoanenzymecalledfattyacidsynthase,whichisinvolvedinstoringexcessfoodintakeasfat.Inhibitingtheenzymecausedabuild-upofachemicalintheliverwhichactsasaprecursortofatdeposition.Thisprecursoristhoughttohaveanindirecteffectonthebrain,causingappetites

43、uppression.Normally,whenanimalsfast,ahormonecalledneuropeptideYincreasessharplyintheappetite-controlcentersofthebrain,stimulatingthedesireforfood.However,whenanimalsaregivenC75,levelsofthishormonefall,leadingtoalossofinterestinfood.3 .振动吸收板，用于放置天平和其他高敏度的仪器，可消除附近的马达、搅拌混合器、重型车辆的出入等环境振动因素，使感度更精确，误差更少。黑

44、白相间的高级水磨石子抗刮蚀板，四角处有特殊除振设计，总高度76mm,可吸收振动至9Hz,载重量可达16kg。ThisVibrationDampingMountcankeepsensitiveanalyticalbalancesandotherinstrumentsfromdisturbingvibrationssothattheyworkmoreaccurately.Itreducesto9Hzthevibrationscausedbynearbypumps,blenders,stirrers,andheavy-weightautomobiles.Itismadeofblackandwhite

45、terrazzowithapolishedsurfacethatresistsscratchesandchemicalsandsupportedbyfourVibro-Absorberswithneoprenefeet.Withanoverallheightof76mm,itcancarryaweightupto16kg.B1 .摘要：本文介绍了高炉铜冷却壁(blastfurnacewallwithcopperstave)的一种监控方法，实现了对铜冷却壁炉墙热面温度和渣皮(slag)厚度进行监控和高炉炉墙内型的可视化。从实践的角度证明了铜冷却壁炉墙监控的必要性，给出了本监控方法的实现思路，在对

46、铜冷却壁前段渣皮进行监控过程中发现：通过监控可以在操作过程中防止铜冷却壁裸露、结瘤(wallaccreditons)等异常发生；通过调整高炉操作维持适当厚度的渣皮，能实现高炉长寿和高效的结合，最优化高炉操作和最大化高炉生产。Abstract:Amonitoringmethodforblastfurnacecopperstaveisintroducedinthispaper.Monitoringforheatingsurfacetemperatureofcopperstavewallandslagthicknesswasrealizedandinternalprofileofblastfurnacewallwasvisible.Practiceprovesthatmonitoringofblastfurnacewall