上海牛津英语8A、8B笔记

1、上海牛津英语8A、8B笔记8A、8B英语笔记整理8A Unit 1 A letter from a penfriendrelate with = about ambition 志向(.a very strong wish) enclose bad- -worse-worstillworse-worstbadly-worse-worstovmer*(h,狮有者 own(a./vj1. What would you like +q do?Would like / love to do = want to do 想要做鼻.g. Would you like / bve to.Yes, I'd

2、 like to / love to, but(理由)2. tell sb, sth. Qbout告诉某人关于的一些事e，9 工d 1很。to tel* you something about my trip in Hong Kdng.3P one and a half meters tall. 1 1.5 米(or) one meter and half ) 1.5 米four and a half kilo国(ori four kflos and a half用“数词+单位+形容词”来表示身痛，体重，长度，宽度,年龄等eg. This suitcase is 80cm long, 55cm

3、 wide, 5cm high.长宽 高4. 限定词(this, thtit) 一数词(two)一性质(beautiful, ugly)一尺寸大小(bid)长短(long, short)一形状(round, triangle) 一新旧或年龄(old, young)一颜色(red, blue)一国籍(产地)(ChinESe)一材料(wooden, leather)状语(shining, glowing)5P one's hobby is doing sth.习惯性，经常one s ambftion (wish / hope / duty / responsibility / job+ b

4、e * to do sth.除了 hobby,其余全用“to do sth.”£.g. (1) Hrs job at the moment rs to look after the homeless people.(2) Their duty is to keep the whole buHding clean.(3) Today's homework is to copy the new word.&”也(v.)拥有占有tiver但own更强调物品的归属为某人自己ne,g, (1) AAr, Smith own/口 mp.(2) Mr. 5Eith has his

5、口wn Mr. Smith q 8r of his own.7. be keen on = like very much = be rntenested in = be fond of (特别)喜欢，渴望，热衷于.be keen on + 名词 or 动名词(doing)金一9 He is keen on ploying football.be keen on 动名词make * it * adjT+ for sb. / sth + to do sthP使得一做某事变得.fl. 1 .Jenjoy + dtjing / n, eryay oneself = eqjoy one's ti

6、me = have a 9gd time(2L)play che$5 play football play cardsplay the piano the viol in the guitarplay * ballgames / chess / cardsplay + the + muskal 丽strument音乐器材前加"he"9, physics物理ph*记叫叫)物理的,身体的a physics teacher / lab / hafnewarka physical change / physical education (PE)10, nwiybe / may be

7、1) He is maybe at home ) perhaps 如果原句有动词，maybe2) He may be at home ”山果原句无动词，rrwy be (情态动词) llt 1) enclose (vj附寄3) a photo of myself 强调照片有我 不等于口 photo of mine 等于 a photo of me12.反文疑问句陈述句(肯嘉动词(否定)主语的代词？陈述句(否£动词肯定)主语的代词？ 例11). I am加电 QrxrV十I ?2) . There 杷 littl。water in the bottle, is there ?3) .

8、There are few students in the hall, tl修?4), You could hardly believe that, -口山d ypu?5), He rarely / seldom goes to the cinema,doe- h名 ?6) . Let's go $喇幅而ng,£hall?7) . Let us go swimming, will you ?8) . Don't be late next time. 喇II?去祈使句的反义疑问句除“LetM.shall褥?”之外，其余用喇II you.little / few / ha

9、rdly / rar«ly / seldom 否定词(反义部分用肯定)13. hop£的用法比较特殊，可以说hope tc do,但不能说hope sb. to d%这是可以用hope + (Thnt从句的结构来 表示°Hppu一后不可以加to do只有 wish sb. to dotrain (v.) trarning (m)培训,训练do well in = be good atwork out 猜出，squash 壁球highheight 身高 heavy-weight (n.) weigh (v.)8A Unit 2 Whizz Kid1. expect

10、vj expect sth. / 5b.e.g. (l.J Farmers expect a good harvest.(2.) HI expect y(xi for supper at 6 p.m. sharpexpect to do sth. / expct sb. to do sth+e，9，(1.) He expects to finish the project fn a week(2 J ba you expect tiw to stay far another week? expect that ”一(从句2. businessC公司 *start a new businessU

11、生意 *He went To Beijing on business (go to on business 出差) How is your business?Quit good."Although he is my friend, business is business ( 公事公办 ) businessmanbusinessmenbusinesswomanbusinesswomen3. similar (a.) 类似的be similar to和差不多4. different (a.)不同的be different from 与不同differently(ad.)不同的diffe

12、rence C U 不同之处e.g. (1.) Teenagers always think that their parents different opinions from them.(2.) Can you tell me the difference between the two words? (3.) In fact, these two books are quite similar. You can choose either of them.(either or)5. successful (a.) 成功的successfully(ad.) 成功地success(n.)成功

13、a great successsucceed(v.)成功succeed in + n. (doing)He is a successful writer. He has successful published more than 20 novels. Last month he succeeded in holding his first painting show. No wonder so many people admire his great success. 6. must be把握程度强(肯定是 )e.g. After a day' s hard work, must b

14、e tired.否定式 can ' t be (不可能是) e.g. He can ' t be at home now. Because he is on a business trip. 7. one of the (1.) This is one of the most expensive dresses in our shop. (2.) Yesterday was one if the coldest days of the year. (3.) One of the longest rivers in the world lies in this country.

15、one of + 最高级 + 名词复词 top表示顶级的，不用最高级 8. put on (wear) (1.) It ' s raining hard outside, you er put on youddostt. (2.) Jane is wearing a new dress. wear 已经穿上put on 指动作9. 一般现在时 Meaning1) 经常性的习惯动作： Wendy always talks about business over breakfast.2)自然界中的客观事实或真理： The sun rises in the esat.3)表示人的心理活动或表

16、示客观属性的动词：believe/love/hate/belong to/contain *The book contains six chapters. Seructure:主语I, you, we, they 一律动词原形.(否)don '势原.单三he, she, it 动词后加s或es.(否)doesn t+动原.Time Adverbials:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never10. luckily (adv.) lucky (adj.)幸运的 【反】unluckily 不幸的 unlucky (a

17、dj.)uck (n.)运气1) You are luck enough to get the first prize.2) Four is usually regarded as a(an) unlucky number.3) luckily, she was at home when I called on her.4) Tom was upset, because he had bad luck all week11. sell (v.) (sold, sold)卖 sale(n)卖sales(n. / a.) 销售的 a sales manager1) The sold out all

18、 the tickets by 5 p.m.2) I ' m sorry sir. This vase is not for sale. ( be for sale 可以买卖的)3) I got this coat on sale, it' s veeyonisaile.( 打折)12. manager (n.) / manage (v.)管理mange to do sth. =succeed in doing = be able to do1) It ' s raining heavily. He tired to get there on time.2) It &#

19、39; s raining heavily. He managed to get there on time.做到了13. be responsible for 对负责responsible (a.) 负责 responsibility (n.) 责任*Teacher would like to give the work to thoseresponsible students.14. discuss (v.)talk oven (about) sth.讨论s work.discussion (n.)Let ' s discuss today' s work. = Let &

20、#39; s have a discussion about todaydiscuss about sth . x 可以说 have a discussion about sth.15. over breakfast = during / at breakfast16. -go to school in our family car . by car buy bus by train 只是艮交通工具17. make phone calls to 18. on the way to / on one ' s way to 在去的路上。home, here, there 不+to19. b

21、ut some of the work is boringboring(a.)(sth.)bored(a.)(sb.)20. achieve grade in 21. I never fail an exam.fair(v.) 失败 fair to do sth. = be not able to do未能成 failure(n.) 失败 Failure is the mother of success.He failed to pass the exam,didn ' t ?ieHe was unhappy to day, wasn ' t ?efair = not pass

22、1) He failed the exam.He didn ' t passe exam.2) He failed to pass the exam.He wasn ' t able tooass the exam.22. The driver collects me from school.collect sb. = pick sb. up接送某人23. return to(1.) After the meeting, he returned to the factory.(2.) You ' d better return the books to the libr

23、ary before Friday.return to -come / go back to返回give back toB还24. attend a club / attend school / attend a meeting / a lecturejoin the army / the dancing group / the partytake part in a football match / a writing contestattend强调出席，人到场了join 加入某长期的组织或团体，成为其中一员take part in参加某个具体的活动或比赛25. assist(v.) -he

24、lp assistant(n.)-helper26. continue”)(1.) continue doing sth = go on doing = keep doing(2.) work on介词-on在这里表示 某方向”27. seldom(adv.)-not often, rarely几乎很少，几乎不(1.) He ' s seldom late for school, is he?(2.) It seldom snows in Shanghai,doesn 'it?28. need做情态动词，只能用于否定或疑问句，后只跟动词原形* You needn ' t

25、 clean my office*Need I clean you office?need用于肯定句，要用行为动词 need ：后跟名词或动词to do形式1) He needs a lot of money to build the house.He doesn ' t needlot of money to build the house.Dose he need a lot of money to build the house.What does he need to build the house?2) They needed to think it over. / (The

26、y didn ' t need think it over ) Did they need to think it over?What did they need to do?<1.>Tom doesn 'need to go there by himself.<2.>She needs to raise some money to do this project.<3.>The old lady needs good medical came.29. spend, cost, pay, take, buy区另 Usb. spend mone

27、y / time on sth.(in) doing sth.sth. cost sb. money sb. pay money + for sth.It take(s) sb. time +to do tooksb. buy + sth. + for +money.1) She spent 2 hours finishing this work.It took she 2 hours to finish this work.2) He spend 50yuan on the book.The book cost he 50yuan.He pay 50yuan for the book.He

28、buy the book for 50yuan.8A Unit 3 Dealing with trouble1. deal v. (dealt, dealt)Deal with sth. / sb.处理*How do you deal with the trouble/old books?*What do you do with the old books?2. happen v. 发生，碰巧*A funny thing happened yesterday.1) Sth. happen to sb.某人发生了某事Did you hear what happened to peter yest

29、er day?2) happen to do sth.碰巧，不巧做了某事I happened to see him yesterday.* happen (偶然发生)take place(经安排后发生)When did the explosion happen?When will the wedding take place?*Great changes have taken place in the last three years. (弓I导现在完成时)3. keep quiet*They are having an important meeting. Let' s go up

30、stairs quietly so nobody will notice us.4. wait v. wait for*Who are you waiting for?*They are waiting for their teacher.waiter/waitress5. suddenly adv. sudden adj.*We are all surprised at his sudden death.6. argue v. 争吵，争论 (argued, argued, arguing)*Listen, they are arguing loudly.Argue with sb. Argu

31、e about sth.*Peter argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.Argument n. <C> 争论，论据，论点*They had a long argument about the issue.*argument, disagreement, arrangement, management, achievement, movement, excitement7. two women tourists/two men doctorstwo girl students/two boy studentstwo

32、 female elephants/two male lionstwo apple trees只有以man、woman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，前后两个名词都要变为复数。8. hold v. (held, held)hold out 伸出，端出 / hold a meeting 开会/ hold up 举起/ hold on(电话)别挂断 / hold one ' s breegh(主呼吸9. crowd n, <C> 人群 crowded adj.1) I saw a crowd of people running around the building2) There

33、 were crowds of people at the theatre.3) We should take care of our belongings in crowded places.4) Najing Road Walk Way is one of the most crowded street in Shanghai.5) The hall is crowded with audience.10. stare v./n. 盯，凝视(stared, stared, staring)stare at sb.盯着某人看1) It ' s rude to stare at oth

34、er people.2) The teacher stare at some students if they are absent- minded.11. go on 发生，继续1) What ' s going on? = What' s happening ?2) If he goes on like this, he will lose his job.3) Although it was late at night, he was still going on watching TV.4) They went on with their discussion unti

35、l 9 p.m.* go on with + n.12. move through the crowdacross the roadacross the pipeacross the river through the citythrough the forestthrough the tunnelthrough指从某个物体的内部空间通过， 贯穿。Across指从某个物体的表面穿过13. steal v. (stole, stolen, stealing)*She wanted to stea l money from his father' s drawer.*rob (robbed

36、) rob sth. of sb. robbery/robber14. notice v. 注意I noticed that he stole the purse at the woman.I noticed him waiting him outside.(notice sb. doing)I noticed him enter the room.(notice sb. do)notice n. 通知，布告 the notice on the wall notice board15. We were in the bookstore, buying post cards.*Many pare

37、nts stood outside the school gate, waiting for their children.*The boy sat there, crying.*He lay on the bed, thinking about the problem.现在分词作为伴随动词，补充当时状态16. follow v.*You go first and I will follow you later.follow adj. = next 接着*The child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed

38、to be well again.17. hurry v. 赶快(hurried, hurried, hurrying)*Don ' hturry, we are not late.*Hurry up, or we' ll be late for the plane.*Look, he is hurrying to the meeting room.hurry n. 仓促，匆忙 in a hurry*I ' m (not) in a hurry to change my job.hurried adj. hurriedly adv.*hurried work仓促的工作

39、*leave hurriedly / leave in a hurry18. abroad adv. 上(船，火车，飞机)* they went abroad the ship.* The boat is ready to leave. All aboard.abroad adj.海外，国外* She will study abroad next year.19. strange adj. 奇怪的1) Strangely, I have never seen that television show before.m also a stranger here.2) Don ' t ta

40、lk to strangers.3) Sorry, I don ' t know where the book here is because I20. afraid adj. 害怕的Be afraid of (doing) sth. / be afraid to do sth.*Many people are afraid of snakes.*He was afraid of failing in the exam.*Don ' t be afraid to ask for help.*Are we on time? I' m afraid not.21. pick

41、 up 捡起，拿起*Don ' t throw the rubbish on the ground, please.代词放在介词短语中*My father usually pick me up after school.*When I travelled in America, I picked up some American English.22. report v. n.报告*He reported a theft.*He wrote a report about the accidents.reporter n.报_告人，记者23. theft n. 偷窃案 thief n.

42、(pl.) thieves24. * It just left a few minutes ago.It has been away for a few minutes.25. detail n. <C> 资料，详细情况*Let ' s discuss the details of our arrangement.In detail 详细地*Let ' s discuss in detail.26. put the phone down*Put down the old pictures from the wall.Put down 放下put up your ha

43、ndsput up 举起put out the fireput out 扑灭put on the play next weekput on 上演put off the sports meetingput off 延期27. As we got offget on / go off (bus, ferry, train, planeget into / get out off (car, taxi)get to至 I 达get ready for 准备get up 起床 get back 回来28. see sb. doing / do (sth.)See sb. doingSee sb. do

44、 1)看见某人正在做某事看见某人经常做某事2)看见某人做某事的过程（多用于瞬间动词）同性质词语： hear, notice, find, watchDid you often see her take a walk after supper?I saw the man go into the bank at the time.We heard Tom singing in the room when we entered.Did you hear him say sorry to the teacher?29. He looked worried.Look 为感官动词，则后跟形容词(同smal

45、l, taste, feel, sound但是如果后面还有 at sb. / at sth. 时，为普通行为动词，这时需要以副词修饰。The little boy looked sadly at the broken vase, he looked really sad.The woman looked happily at her son.30. Well done!做得好！ praise sb. for what he did31. I said as we walked by.As 用法：as = when *As he was a child, he enjoyed swimming.

46、He doesn ' t run as fast as me. 像一样He works as a physics teacher.作为As she has no car, it' s not easy for her to get there.因为Walk by 经过358A Unit 4 Numbers, Everyone1. at least 最少 at most 最多s language2. in ancient time s 在古代3. in many different ways用很多不同的方法4. count v. 数(counted, counted, count

47、ing)*countable adj.可数的 uncountable adj. 不可数的Mile is a countable noun while is an uncountable noun.*countless adj.无数的5. in tens 十进制6. Greek(s) a./n.希腊的,希腊人Greece希腊Roman(s) a./n.罗马的，罗马人Rome罗马Egyptian(s) a./n.埃及的，埃及人Egypt埃及Indian(s) a./n.印度的，印度人India印度7. invent v. 发明 invention。 <C> 发明产物 <U>

48、 发明 inventor n.发明家1) The invention of telephone made it easier for us to communicate.2) Bell is inventor of telephone.3) Printing was one of the greatest inventors in the ancient China.4) Who invented the light? Edison.8. develop v. 发展，开发 (developed, developed, developing) China has developed a lot

49、recently.*develop an ideaHe developed his business three years ago.China is still a developing country.(发展中的)America is already a developed country.(发达的)development n. <U> 发展 developer n. 开发者9. calculating machines 计算器 calculating n.用于计算的calculate 计算 calculation n. <C> 计算结果 <U> 计算

50、calculator 计算机1) The teachers asked the students to calculate the width of the street.2) Your calculation shows that the company didn3) Abacus was an ancient calculating too!t make any profit.4) We are not allowed to use calculators in a maths exam.10. abacus n. 算盘 an abacus abacuses11. accurate adj

51、.精准的 =correct accurately adv.*inaccurate adj. = incorrect12. electronic adj. 电子的*electron n.电子electric adj.发电的，有电的，带电的electrical adj. 与电有关的，电气的electricity n. 电*electrician 电工1) We can buy all theelectrical appliances at the supermarket.2) Our life will be very inconvenient without electricity.3) An

52、electronic dictionary can help us look up the new words very fast.4) How many electric kettles do you have?5) My father is an electrical engineer.6) The air- conditioner doesn' t work because ofelectrical fault . We need an electrician to repair it.7) Electric bicycles make people to ride faster

53、.8) If you are careless, you may get an electric shock!13. percentage n. <C> 百分比percent a./n.百分比，百分之一1) More than 90 percent of the students pass the test.2) Tell me the percentage of the boys of your class.14. powerful adj. 强大的 powerless adj. 无力的 power n. <U> 能力，力量,电力，动力，权力"Compute

54、r are more powerful than abacuses in calculating.15. flash n.闪现，一瞬间in a flush = like lightning16. whole adj. 完整的The difference between' all ' and ' whole ':1) all和whole都可用于表示整体的单数名词之前，但限定词的位置不一样，all在前，whole在后。All the city / the whole city2) all和whole都可以加复数名词 all the students / whole

55、of the students whole + 介词+复数名词3) whole 一般不能修饰可数名词，all可用于各种情况。17. living adj. 活的(只能在名词前做定语) alive adj. 活的(只能在名词后做表语)1) She has no living relatives.2) It is one of the living languages,.3) Although he is seriously injured, he is still alive.4) The living are more important to us to the dead.18. amazi

56、ng adj.令人兴奋的amazed n.使人惊奇的amaze v.使人惊奇amazement n.惊奇1) He amazed all his class by winning the gold medal.2) This is one of the most amazingstories I ' ve ever heard.3) The little boy looked at his image in the mirrorin amazement.4) It made us too amazed to say a word/5) What an amazing film!19. solve v. find an answer to解决solution n. <C>解决方案It ' s difficult to find a solution to this problem.(the key to the door, the answer to the question, the way to , the entrance to the buil