2018年天津市高考英语真题及详细解答(解析版,学生版,精校版)

1、绝密启用前2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第 I 卷 1 至 10 页，第 II 卷 11 至 12页。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。2. 本卷共 55 小题，共95分。第一部分：英语知识运

2、用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1 分，满分15分）从 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例： Stand over thereyou ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. but D. while答案是B。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 1635各题所给的A B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选 项。1. Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now?一 She will be here i

3、n about twenty minutes.z.x.xkA. All right B. Don't worryC. No wonder D. Enjoy yourself【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：琼现在不是应该在这儿吗？不用担心，在大约 20 分钟内她将会到这儿的。A. all right 好，行；B. Don ' t worrygij担心；C. No wonder 难怪；D. Enjoy yourself 玩得开心。根据答句中的She will be there in about twenty minutes. 可以判断：不需要担心琼，她一会儿就到。故选B。点睛

4、 ： 本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项含义，然后抓住答句，就不难选出正确答案。2. Kae, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B.thatC. whose D.her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为 Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词 whose。故选C。点睛 ： 本题考查定语从句。定语从句是

5、高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1. 找准先行词；2. 看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually heas she was so confidence abouther skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技

6、能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D.turned up出现。根据转折词 but及原因as she was so confident about her skills可知，最终他让步了。故选 A。点睛 ： 本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。4. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet

7、 enough to be eaten.A. ever since B. as ifC. even though D. so that【答案】D【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的 状语从句，故用 so that引导。故选Do 点睛 ： 本题考查连词短语词义辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意可以判断，这里考查so that引导的目的状语从句。5. I'm moving i

8、n a few days and I wonder if you could help. . Just let me know when, and I'll be there.A. You bet B. It dependsC. Forget it D. No kidding【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。A. You bet没问题；B. It depends看情况而定；C. Forget it算了吧；D. Nokidding 别开玩笑。根据答句中的Just let me know when,

9、and I 可以判断： ll be there. 他 /她一定会帮忙。故选 A。点睛 ： 本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句 Just let me know when, and I ' ll be there不难选出正确答案。6. Thethat there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outerspace.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. inv

10、itation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice 建议； B. order 命令； C. possibility 可能性；D. invitation 邀请。故选C。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe 是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。7. I

11、 need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语 my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C 项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确

12、的答案。8. It took him a long time tothe skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquireC. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display 显示；B. acquire 获得；C. teach 教；D. test 测试。故选 B。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。9. The go

13、ld medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever,表示“任何人，无论谁"。故选C。点睛：分析句子可知，空格处做 be awarded to的宾语，同时在后面的从句中做主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指人，故用whoever。10. I can't find my

14、 purse. Iit in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I ' m not sure知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。点

15、睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done； 如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v 原形。 第二、情态动词的选择。must 为肯定推测，表示“一定”， could 为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went .A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at ra

16、ndom【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first起初；B. after all毕竟，终究。C. above all首先；D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B 。点睛 ： 本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。12. I didn't mean anything but the ice cream looked so good th

17、at I couldn t helpA. to eat； to try B.eating； tryingC. eating； to try D. to eat；trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do （打算做），couldn ' t help doings不住做。故选 D。点睛 ： 本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do 打算做"与"mean doing 意味着做“和"ca

18、n ' t help to do Sth能帮助做”与 “couldn ' t helpdoing 忍不住做”之间的含义。13. My washing machine this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash myclothes by hand. 可知，洗衣机正在修，

19、故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。点睛 ： 本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4 个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A 是过去时；选项B 是一般现在时的被动；选项C 是现在进行时；选项D 是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. which B. thatC. when d. where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置

20、的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/was +被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指 人）+其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉Itwas/is that后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还 是物来选择连接词 th

21、at或者是who。15. If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B.caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed。故选A。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词 的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错

22、综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题 就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed,主句与现在事实相反。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1635各题所给的A、B、G D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own 16I learned this lesson from a（n） 17 many years ago. I took the head 18 job at a

23、 school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the 19 team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to 20 the game. Being the coach of the new team, I w

24、as excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn't 21 I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to 22 that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were 23 me. I had to change my 24 about their ability

25、and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 25. Most important, I began to treat them like26. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their 27, we met every day and28 passing and kicking the football.Six months after suffering our 29on the spring practice field, we w

26、on our first game and oursecond, and continued to 30. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a31 for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn't what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia,giving me one of the greatest 32 of my life !From the experi

27、ence I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 33 the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 34 them. I helped them to see themselves 35,and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made, but born.16. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature17. A. exper

28、iment B. experience C. visit D. show18. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching19. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new20. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with21. A.believeB.agree C.describe D. regret22. A.realizeB.claim C.permit D.demand23. A. reacting to B. look

29、ing for C. depending on D. caring about24. A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention25. A.prideB.culture C.fortune D.relationship26. A.leadersB.partners CwinnersD.learners27. A.rewards B.vacationsC. healthD.honor28. A.riskedB.missedC.consideredDpracticed29. A.defeatB.declineC.accident D.mis

30、take30. A.relaxB.improveC.expand D.defend31. A.shameB.burdenC.victory D.favor32. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers33. A.surpriseB.serve C.interest D.affect34. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed35. A.honestlyB.individually C. calmlyD.differently【答案】 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. D

31、20. B 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26.C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的新队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。16.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. luck幸运；B. tests测试；C. eforts努力；D. nature自然。根据前一句No one is born a wi

32、nner. （ 没有人天生就是赢家），根据常识可知，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。故选C。17 .考查名词以及对语境的理解。A .experiment实验；B. experience经历；C. visit参观；D. show展示。根据下文可知，作者是从一次经历中得出这样的教训的。故选B 。18 . 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. operating 操作； B. editing 编辑； C. consulting 咨询； D. coaching 指导。根据后文Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we we

33、re going to win, but to mydisappointment we were defeated. 可知，作者在一所学校担任总教练工作。故选D。19 . 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. successful 成功的；B. excellent 杰出的；C. strong 强壮的； D. new新的。根据前半句It was a tradition for the school s old team 中的 old team 提示可知，春季训练结束时，学校新老队伍对抗是一个传统。 故选D 。20 .考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. cheer for为欢呼；B. prepare

34、for为准备；C. help with帮助某人做；D. finish with结束于；和.断绝关系。老队没有教练，他们甚至不练习来准备比赛。故选B。21. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. believe 相信； B. agree 同意； C. describe 描述； D. regret 后悔。根据前句 but to my disappointment we were defeated. 可知，作者不能相信会遇到这样的情况。故选A。22. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. realize 意识到；B. claim 宣称； C. permit 允许； D. demand 要求。短语come to

35、realize开始意识到。我开始意识到我的队也许不是佐治亚州头号队伍。故选 A。23. 考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. reacting to对起反应；B. looking for寻找；C. depending on依靠；D. caring about关心。但他们都在依靠我。故选 C。24. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. decision决定；B. attitude态度；C. conclusion结论；D. intention意图。我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。故选 Bo25. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. pride自豪，自尊心；B. culture文化；C. fortune

36、幸运；D. relationship关系。我开始做任何我能做的事情来帮助他们建立一点自尊心。故选A。26. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. leaders领导；B. partners伙伴；C. winners获胜者；D. learners学习者。根据后文Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 19 them.以及文中最后一句提示可知，作者开始像获胜者对待他们。故选 Co27. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. reward报酬；B. vacations假期；C. health健康；D. honor荣誉。根据That summer可知，当

37、其它队队员享受着他们假期的时候。故选 B。28. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. risked冒险；B. missed错过；C. considered考虑；D. practiced练习。根据上文 The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to 5 he game.提示可得出答案。这里指练习传球和踢球。故选Do29. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. defeat打败；B. decline跌落；C. accident事故；D. mistake错误。根据上文but to my disappointment we were

38、 defeated.提示可得出答案。在春季训练赛场遭受失败之后。故选 A。30. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. relax放松；B. improve提高，改善；C. expand扩大；D. defend防御。根据前句 we won our first game and our second可知，我们继续在提高。故选 B。31. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. shame羞愧；B. burden负担；C. victory胜利；D. favor赞成。即使我们输掉比赛，我们感觉它会是一场胜利。故选 Co32. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. chances机会；B. thrills激动；C. co

39、ncerns关心；D. offers提供。根据前句My boys beat the best team in Georgia可知，是作者一生中最激动人心的一次！故选 B。33. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. surprise惊讶；B. serve服务；C. interest兴趣；D. offers提供。从这次经历，我意识到领袖的态度如何能够呈现给队里的每个成员。故选D。34. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. encouraged 鼓励； B. observed 观察； C. protected 保护； D. impressed 影响。根据I pushed 可知，作者在推动和鼓励他们。故选A。

40、35. 考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. honestly 诚实地；B. individually 个别地；C. calmly 镇静地；D. differently不同地。根据后句and they built themselves into winners. 可知，我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选D。【点睛】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空，难度中等偏易。考生需认真阅读短文，仔细审题，主要的是要理解全文的中心思想：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。考生做题时，首先抓住文章开头的中心句，然后要注意抓住故事情节，理解文章脉络，领会作者的写作意图，注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语

41、境中斟酌所选的答案。第二部分：阅读理解（共20 小题； 每小题 2. 5 分，满分50 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、R G D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler（ 喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire

42、 extinguishers （灭火器 ）.They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual（ 手动的）fire alar

43、m systems which include firealarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with（ 胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms areillegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire Dri

44、llsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for fu

45、rther instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to persona

46、l property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:If your smoke detector is working properly, the r

47、ed light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动）,contact residence hall staff immediately.Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention profe

48、ssionals?A. To provide part-time jobs for students.B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A. Pipes and smoke detectors.B. Smoke detec

49、tors and sprinklers.C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations38. In a fire drill, the students should .A. rush quickly to a liftB. gather at the nearest exit.C. shut the door and leave at onceD. wait for instructions in the hall39. What do we know about the use

50、 of fire extinguishers?A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should.A. contact the hal

51、l staff regularlyB. cover the things that burn easilyC. start the smoke detector in a fireD. make certain the red light is working【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、 消防训练、 灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。36. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkl

52、er（ 喷水灭火装置） systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers （灭火器）.可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。 故选C。37. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms 中的句子Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systemsconsisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. 可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。38. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Dri

53、lls 中的句子Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和 Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift. 可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。39. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers 中的句子Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. 可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。40. 细节理解题。根据文章Smok

54、e Detector 中的句子If your smoke detector is working properly, the red lightshould be on. If the red light is not blinking （闪动） ， contact residence hall staff immediately. 可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D 。点睛：文章内容较为简单，集中考看细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此 为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再4巴这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的

55、细微区别.如小题3中C选择项中leave at once与文中的Exitimmedgtelv表达的同一个意思：；小题4中考生要理解文中fines （罚款）是A选择项中punishment （惩罚）的一种，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别.BWhen I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercoloristnamed Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a mu

56、seum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.""Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitt

57、ing in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine." Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talkedlong time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy（爱窥探的）,keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Ar