旅游英语论文_在英语中希望你可以有所借鉴_希望对你有所帮助_实属个人资料_希望你的毕业有所帮助_谢谢必备

1、北京科技职业学院毕业设计(论文)美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比

2、外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Sect

3、ion) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal

4、为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景

5、及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此

6、外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。李 娜Abstract:Tourist psychology is a new discipline, plays an important role in tourism service, and it is the

7、 travel industry practitioners of the required course as tourism. Because you have to understand the tourists, traveling, living TWT, eating, shopping and amusing aspects of tourism，and know the psychological activity in tourism service process should be how to provide psychological service and prov

8、ide functional service combine； to the greatest degree of for tourists provide considerate and satisfactory service.In tourism services, tourism service personnel service object is mixed tourists, and it is short, therefore, in order to get along is the better development of tourism industry, in ord

9、er to improve the service quality and efficiency, travel for tourism practitioners provide psychological basis, to let the tourists gets more satisfaction and thoughtful service, tourist psychology, and will come into being in tourism will play a very important role. We also only truly realize its f

10、unction, to learn and practice the midst.Key words: Psychology, Tourists, Role, Satisfaction, service摘要:旅游心理学是一门新兴的学科，在旅游服务中起着十分重要的作用，被旅游业界视为旅游从业人员的必修课程。因为只有了解了旅游者在行、游、住 、食、购、娱方面的旅游心理活动以及知道了在旅游服务过程中应该怎样把提供心理服务与提供功能服务结合起来，才能最大程度的为旅游者提供周到、满意的服务。在旅游服务中，旅游服务人员的服务对象是形形色色的旅游者，而且都是短暂相处，因此，为了是旅游业更好的发展，为了提高旅

11、游服务质量和效率、为旅游从业人员提供心理学依据，为了让旅游者得到更为满意和周到的服务，旅游心理学便应运而生了，并将会在旅游业中发挥着极其重要的作用。我们也只有真正的认识了它的作用，才能学会并运用于实践当中。关键词 ：心理学，旅游者，作用，满意服务Mesh recorded Preface. 3 1 tourism services with two types of tourist psychology. 4 What is the tourist service 1.1. 4 The two ideas 1.2 tourism psychology research. 4 、130 our

12、most scholars selected tourist psychology. 4 2 tourist psychology in the role of tourist activities. 4 2.1 helps tourism service personnel to improve tourist service level. 4 2.2 learning tourist psychology help improve the tourist enterprise management level. 5 2.3 tourist psychology helps improve

13、tourism practitioners of psychological qualities. 5 2.4 it is helpful to reasonable development of tourist resources, tourist products and facilities arrangement. 5 3 how in tourism services in applying the tourist psychology. 5 3.1 guide's personnel in the importance of the tourism work. 5 3.2

14、guide in service work of how applying learning psychology knowledge. 6 In service work of 3.3 guide, summary, thinking. 6 Conclusion. 7 The thank-you speech actually. 8 Reference. 9 Introduction Tourism is the human society developing to a certain historical period produced a social and cultural phe

15、nomenon. Tourism are the subject of tourists, object is the tourist resources. Somewhere between subject and object which plays a major role that is tourism (tourism medium). China's tourism industry after the reform of our country is developing very rapidly, and the economic, social and cultura

16、l environment produces very significant influence. Tourism as the third industry, it has an important status in the national，and its can not underestimate, and all levels of government strongly support higher level under positive forward, every aspect in the midst of continuous improvement. In touri

17、sm services, tourism service personnel service object is mixed tourists, and it is short, therefore, in order to get along is the best development of tourism industry, in order to improve the service quality and efficiency, travel for tourism practitioners provide psychological basis, to let the tou

18、rists get more satisfaction and thoughtful service, tourists will become a very important role. The tourism of China started late, but from since the reform and opening up is developing very fast. Place a modern hotel, entertainment springing up have sprung up. The existing travel 19800 much home, B

19、eijing has nearly eight hundred travel agency. Four or five-star hotel in domestic national everywhere can find it. But mere advanced hardware facilities, is not fully satisfy tourists need, tourism should not only on hardware improved, but also on software enhancement. And tight with the rapid deve

20、lopment of Chinese tourism industry, tourism service personnel demand increasingly saturated. Chinese tourism of poor people, but not the comprehensiveness of diversified inter-disciplinary talent. The competition is talents competition in the future, now domestic tourism enterprises has shifted to

21、the talent of the race for professional talents in general. And psychology is the inter-disciplinary talent indispensable important component parts. Tourist psychology application will make the tourism of China enter a new stage, let our tourism service personnel's quality reach a higher level,

22、it will left to travel more good impression for the guests1 two types of tourist psychology and tourist service1.1What is the tourist service? Tourism services means tourism service personnel through all sorts of facilities, equipment, method, means and ways and "hospitable" of the manifes

23、tations forms, in provides travelers can satisfy the physiological ,psychological material and spiritual need process, create a harmonious atmosphere, produce a kind of spirit. Thus touches the psychological effects of emotion, arousing the passenger psychological resonance, make the passenger in re

24、ceiving services of produces in the process, happiness feeling comfortable, and willing to exchange, willing to consumption of a kind of activity. Based on this requires to tourism server must learn tourist psychology, thus for maximum for tourists provide considerate and satisfactory service. 1.2 t

25、ourist psychology research has two ideas Foreign scholars in this field of research began in the late 1970's, Chinese scholars also subsequently in the 1980s began tourist psychology, teaching and researching. Foreign scholars of tourism research into the psychology of two ideas. One is the tour

26、ism consumers as the object of study, study the tourists' consumption behavior general rules, other kind is research tourism workers and tourists interacting relationship. The first with American scholars small Edward, J, Mayo and lance, P, Jarvis book the leisure travel psychology "represe

27、nted by the book, tourism enterprise how to effectively marketing starting point, analyzes in detail perception, learning motivation, attitude, personality, psychological factors, and characters with family, reference group, social class, culture, and social factors in tourism subculture influence o

28、f consumer behavior. The latter by analyzing interaction as the theoretical basis of tourism industry, the interpersonal relationship made a profound analysis. 130 our most scholars selected tourist psychology Chinese scholars most choose a second thread, research tourism workers and tourists intera

29、cting relationship. By analyzing interaction as the theoretical basis of tourism industry, the interpersonal relationship made a profound analysis. The psychology, in tourism services of problems ,as the center, consider tourism practitioners at work may encounter with those who need psychological k

30、nowledge to solve problems for thinking points. Including how to apply psychology knowledge to realize high grade hotel service and tour guide service, and how to apply psychology knowledge to deal with travel service work of all sorts of interpersonal problem, also its talked about how to adapt to

31、the "from ordinary employees to management" transformation, and how to use it psychology knowledge to make the tourism enterprises of the grass-roots work, and finally talked about tourism workers' mental health problems. 2 tourist psychology in tourism activities in the role 2.1 helps

32、 tourism service personnel to improve tourist service level Learning tourist psychology helps tourism practitioners , according to the tourist consumer behavior, analysis and understanding of the tourism of consumer psychology activities, which can be targeted better for tourist service, satisfactor

33、y service. The tourism of China started late, but from since the reform , opening up is developing so fast. Place a modern hotel, entertainment have sprung up. But mere advanced hardware facilities, it is not fully satisfy tourists need, its only understanding the tourists' psychological tendenc

34、y and psychological characteristics, under the precondition of can consciously, actively carry out of pertinent services, meet different tourists' psychological needs, in service do with special care, as equally and provide quality service function of tourists and psychological service wins the

35、guest satisfaction. Also, in the wrong problem handling service better grasp of. This way can make them produce positive pleasant, forming good psychological experience and deep impression, so as to create the best service level, the tourists to enjoy "guests feel at home" feeling. Meanwhi

36、le tourist psychology also taught tourism attendant in how effectively mental health and self- adjusting, and adjust their psychological state, make oneself always full of spirit, warm and thoughtful service for tourists. 2.2 learning tourist psychology help improve the tourist enterprise management

37、 level Tourist psychology help improve the tourist management level and the art of leadership. Tourist psychology is the consciously propulsion organization management mode of development as its own task, actively organize the internal management for improving the level and diligently. Tourism worke

38、rs can active and creative for customer service, also can raise tourism service quality of the key. Therefore, to the tourists to get the best service, the key is to have a high level, and high-quality staff team. This needs administrator will be the interests of employees in the first place, caring

39、 subordinates, respect subordinates. Only on employees' thoughts, feelings, and need to understand thoroughly, ability makes employees get to provide quality services indispensable spiritual strength. 2.3 tourist psychology helps improve tourism practitioners psychological quality. Tourist psych

40、ology help improve psychological qualities of personnel engaged in tourism, tourist service personnel good psychological quality is the important guarantee of tourist service success. Tourist psychology as a profession scientific knowledge, staff training good moral character, emotional quality, vol

41、ition quality and various ability, can effectively promote enterprise organization between members of collective compatibility, in order to improve tourist enterprise's cohesive force and work efficiency. 2.4 is helpful to reasonable development of tourist resources, tourist products and facilit

42、ies arrangement Development of tourist resources, tourist products and facilities arrangement is tourists as the main body and design. The development of tourism resources and facilities arrangement is mainly by tourists' need as the premise, with could meet the need for tourists make plan based

43、 on it. Tourism facilities, no matter whether it is all the more modernized level is high, also must be fully considers the tourists physiological and psychological characteristics, under the precondition of can argue it is scientific and practical. So to understand and grasp of tourists psychology

44、of the development of tourism resources play a crucial role. 3 how to tourism services in applying the tourist psychology 3.1 guide's personnel in tourism work of importance Be a closer tourism as the third industry, it has become increasingly important in one of the position, in country and gov

45、ernment's strong support, development of greater and stronger, various system is in constant consummates, the tourism industry plays an important role is the Courier. In advanced hardware conditions, guide must also improve their self-cultivation and quality, be a closer, always observe tourists

46、 psychological activity, so that make their own service more specific progress, let the visitor with satisfaction. Learn to use psychology knowledge tourists, targeted by doing guide and tourism service life, Pertinently provide psychological services to enable tourists from psychological get satisf

47、action, in the spirit obtained enjoyment. Meanwhile guide's personnel will apply psychology knowledge well with all kinds of tourist reception department staff relations, so as to provide better services for tourists. Guide's personnel and using the psychology knowledge adjust their psycholo

48、gical state, make oneself always full of spirit, warm and thoughtful service for tourists. 3.2 guide in service work of how applying learning psychology knowledge Training guide insight, this is a tour guide is most important ability, in the course of travel, tour guides must be approached tourists,

49、 make oneself of the affinity get acme of play, establish mutual trust, understanding the tourists' personalities and tourists' inner needs to listen more tourists pleading, so that in the course of travel makes work plays twice the result with half the effort. The Courier in with a tour gro

50、up process, not only to finish, food, shelter, traveling, shopping, entertainment, etc, but also basic project from observation every tourist heart activity, and according to the tourists to different age layer section, the different cultural background, different social strata, meticulous of observ

51、ation, for old people, they more heart demand is to get some patience and respect, as a guide, must satisfy the old man's psychological need, get hold of some smile, old man did not understand modern science and technology, must be patient's explanation. For the young tourists, they travel p

52、urpose is usually in order to alleviate the pressure of work and life dull, tour guides must let whole tourism project with interesting, the tourists to mental and physical to thoroughly relaxed and cheerful. Different cultural background, different age stages, different tourist motives, tour guides

53、 to accomplish know fairly well, the difference treatment, random strain, let each tourists by don't paying more attention to the exclusive sense. It would also let the Courier working more smoothly progress, will get all the tourists' support and cooperation. In service work of 3.3 guide, s

54、ummary, thinking Be good at summing up thinking in tourism activities, tourism service personnel must develop diligently summarize the habit of thinking, in with a tour group process, happen the multitudinous cases, must collect, thinking, then actually put out some about tourists from some rules of

55、 heart activity, like this can make their future service process using the psychology knowledge to solve some thorny problem. Every time of tour ends, tour guides to develop good habit of making notes, the tourism encountered down all the people and things, good at thinking, and accumulated and infe

56、r from some experience and regulation, these later in the course of travel would be very useful, make the problem is solved, swim blade enough to spare. In some of the incident and tricky question and get just quick solution, is more trust tour guides' ability to tourists, establishing trust and

57、 identity, more easily in tourists set the prestige. Heart ConclusionAfter two months hard, showing tourist psychology in tourism service role paper finally finished in the design process, appeared a lot of problem, I passed in consulting a large number of books and network, as well as in teacher an

58、d classmates help smooth solve these problems, in constant learning process that I realize: write a thesis is a learning process, from initial just write papers of fuzzy realize finally able to this problem have a profound understanding of. I realized the importance of learning, to practice before just understand theory, passed without investigation, understanding of knowledge is vague. Through this do, have accomplished truly combining theory with practice. Tourist psychology is a new discipline, in tourism service plays an important role, should be each tourism operators must courses. In