新概念英语第一册重要知识详解笔记

1、 Lessons 121.     人称代词物主代词：名称我（的）你（的）他（的）她（的）它(的)我们（的）你们（的）他们（的）人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey人称代词宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2. be动词口诀:要说是（be）三个字，am、are和is，我用am、你用are，is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is，复数名词都用are；变否定更容易be后not加

2、上去，变疑问往前提，句尾问号莫忘记。还有一条要牢记，句首大写要注意。3. this，that, these, those都是指示代词。I beg your pardon！指没听清对方的话，要求对方重复。还可以说： Pardon! 或 Beg your pardon!Lessons 34 1. My coat and my umbrella, please.句首省略Give/Pass me.heres=here is这有 theres=there is那有Sorry.=Im sorry.道歉用语，指做错了事或伤害了对方，表达内疚的心情。2. sir和madam相对，用于非正式场合一个是对男士的尊

3、称，另一个表示对女士的尊称，后面不加姓氏。而Mr.和Mrs.后面必须加姓氏。正式场合用ladies and gentlemen。3. Is this it？为了避免重复后面用it代替前面出现的物品。Lessons 561.两个或两个以上的字母结合读一个音标，这样的组合叫字母组合。 如:these/ð/ morning/:/ there /e/ chair/ e /  flower/a/2. Good morning/afternoon/evening/night.Good bye. How do you do? Nice to meet you.他们的问

4、答语相同。3. This is常用来介绍某人，而不是He is或She is4. old有两个意思:老和旧,他们的反义词是：young和new。5. 本文中的Japanese，Chinese，German，French，Korean，American，English，Italian和Swedish都是形容词-某国的，名词-某国人。                      &#

5、160;                                      Lessons 781. oo长短音口诀：d前短，food长； t前长，foot短；k前都短,其它长。blood，room，noodle

6、，wool不可忘。短音：good, wood, stood, understood, foot，classroom, bedroom, look, book, took, hook，shook, wool长音：mood，food，school，cool，pool，room，moon，soon，choose，smooth，tool，loon。另音：blood，flood，floor，door，poor2.be动词和助动词do，does的用法很重要，疑问否定少不了。试着把下面的句子变成否定句和一般疑问句：1）She is a pretty girl. 2）Im a policeman.3）Were

7、 Chinese. 4）Theyre Germans.5）Its a giraffe. 6）My mother gets up early.7）He runs every morning.8）They go to school by bicycle.3.英语中也常用too，also，either，和as well。also，用于肯定句中。too，放在句尾。之前加逗号，放句中前后加逗号；also放在句中。either用在否定句的句尾。as well表示补充，用在句尾。4.1) What nationality are you? Im Chinese/ American.（我是中国人/美

8、国人） 2) Where are you from? Im from China/ America.（我是中国人/美国人）Where do you come from? I come from China/America.（我是中国人/美国人）常用来表示出生地或哪国人，要灵活运用。5.Whats your/his/her job？What do you do？What are you？都用于询问工作种类。把句中you换成he，she又怎么问呢？Lessons 9101.hello, hi, hey都是朋友或熟人之间打招呼的非正式用语，答语很灵活可以是原词也可以互换

9、使用。How are you? 用于询问身体健康状态。答语是：Im fine，thank you.（Fine，thanks.）And you？是用来回答问题后在反问对方同样的问题用语。还可以用：What about you? How about you?2.Good-bye.是道别用语，还有：See you.See you later/next time/tomorrow.So long. See you soon.等。见到你很高兴。Nice to meet you. Happy to know you.Glad to know you. Pleased to meet you.回答语相同。L

10、essons 11121. Whose shirt is that？= Whose is that shirt？Whose之后可以不用名词，它既是形容词性物主代词，又是名词性物主代词。2. Is this your shirt？His coat is large. Her coat is large, too. Our room is small, but their room is large.3. My shirts blue.=My shirt is blue. My names Robert.=My name is Robert.4.Is this Tims shirt？Tims蒂姆的

11、（名词所有格）Tims a little smart boy. Tims= Tim is (Tims是缩写式)Lessons 13141. Come upstairs and see it. = Come upstairs to see it.see it是come upstairs的目的。本句话是祈使句：表示请求或命令的句子叫祈使句，否定祈使句在句子前加Dont。2.它在这. 1) Here it is.（习惯用倒装句）2) Its here.=Here the dress is！3) Here.他们在这又怎样翻译呢？3.same之前常加the，the same相同的。Lesson

12、s 15161.名词，表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。名词分类专有名词国家、人名、机构、山川江河湖泊等专用名称普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名称不可数名词物质名词抽象名词专有名词开头要大写，没有复数形式。2.Norway n.挪威Norwegian adj.挪威人3.Sweden n.瑞典Swedish adj.瑞典人4.英语中的十大词类：形容词、数词、名词、代词、动词、副词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。Lessons 17181. Come and meet our employees.句中and后内容表示come的目的，和以前学过的Come upstairs and see it.句中的and相同

13、，不必译出。2. This is.用来介绍人或指明物品名称，如果指多数人用:These are.What are their jobs? 问工作种类What (job) do you do? What are you?其它人称she，they，he，作相应的变化。3.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, child-children ,mouse-mice, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, policeman-policemen, fish-fish， sheep-sheep, deer-deer (German-Germans,

14、 human-humans) .只有复数没有单数：glasses, trousers, shorts, pants, clothes, stockings，people。Lessons 19201. Whats the matter with?=Whats wrong with?常接人或物品，如：Whats the matter with you? Whats wrong with your leg? Whats wrong with your bike?2. down和up是一对反义词，都是副词。向上或向下，修饰动词，与upstairs和 downstairs用法相同。all ri

15、ght好吧,    行。有时用OK代替。3. Thats all right.没关系。回答感谢、道歉用语。4. There is a pencil and some rubbers. = There are some rubbers and a pencil. Lessons 21221.Give me a book please, Jane. give是及物动词，后跟双宾语，正常顺序是先人后物，人指人，物指物品，也可以先物后人，中间加to，这样的动词还有send，pass, show等，buy，make使用for。2.Which book？which是疑问词后接

16、单、复数名词都可以。3.This one？one是不定代词，用来代替前文出现的名词，复数形式ones。避免重复出现名词。Lessons 23241.单数名词变为复数名词的变化规则如下：1）多数名词在结尾直接加-s，清辅音结尾的读/-s/,浊辅音结尾的读/-z/。bed-beds，hand-hands，leg-legs，tool-tools，cat-cats，map-maps，hawk-hawks(鹰)，walk-walks2）以-ce，-se，-ze，-ge结尾的，直接加-s读/-z/face-faces, rose-roses, page-pages3）以-s，-x，-ch，-tch，-sh

17、接结尾的加-es，读/-z /bus-buses, box-boxes, bench-benches, match-matches，brush-brushes4)以-f或-fe结尾的多数把-f，-fe变为v再加-es，读/-vz/leaf-leaves，knife-knives，life-lives，wife-wives，但roof-roofs，belief-beliefs，gulf-gulfs有些名词可以两种情况都可以，handkerchief，chief5）以辅音字母加-y结尾的把-y变为-i加es，读/-z /而直接以元音字母加-y结尾的直接加s。如：fly-flies，family-f

18、amilies，library-libraries，baby-babies； boy-boys，day-days，play-plays，Monday-Mondays6)以o结尾的有生命的名词多数加-es，读/-z/ tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes, echo-echoes,Negro-Negroes, mosquito-mosquitoes, volcano-volcanoes，而zoo-zoos, radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos,piano-pianos, mango-mango

19、s/mangoes, zero-zeroes/zeros , hippo-hippos                                           

20、;                Lessons 25261. There be和have(has)的区别：1）结构不同:There be+ n.+介词短语。否定疑问靠be完成。某人have(has)+n.否定、疑问靠do，does完成。如：There are some balls in the box.There is some milk in the bottle.They have many good friends at sch

21、ool.Tom has long legs.2）否定句：There arent any balls in the box.There isnt any milk in the bottle.They dont have many good friends at school.Tom doesnt have long legs.3）疑问句：Are there any balls in the box？Yes，there are. No，there arent.Is there any milk in the bottle？Yes，there is. No，there isnt.4) Do the

22、y have many good friends at school？Yes，they do. No，they dont.Does Tom have long legs？Yes，he does. No，he doesnt.2. refrigerator = fridge冰箱，on the right/left在左/右边in the middle of = in the center of，an electric cooker电炉灶。Lessons 27281. There be句型的特殊疑问句·what和who疑问句：1）There is some water in the glas

23、s.Whats in the glass？2）There are some chairs and desks in the classroom.Whats in the classroom？3）There is an apple on the table.Whats on the table？4）There are some people in the room.Whos in the room?·how many和how much疑问句1）There is some rice in my bag.How much rice is there in your bag？2）There

24、is one banana on the tree.How many bananas are there on the tree？2.介词短语，就是：介词+名词/代词，如：near the window, near the table, on the stereo3.表语：be（是）或系动词后面的成分就是表语。例如：My father is very young.The women are nurses.His mother is getting older and older.系动词 表语        

25、0;                                           Lessons 29301.    表示请求或命令

26、的句子叫祈使句，它分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句两种。特点是常省去主语，动词用原形。Open the door，please.（肯定祈使句）Dont open the door.（否定祈使句）为了表达委婉客气的语气，可以在句首或句尾加please。也可在句首加：Will you？Can you？Could you？等。What must I do？must是情态动词，它的定义是：本身有一定的意义，但不够完整，必须和主要动词相结合才能构成谓语。具有构成疑问、否定功能。can，need，may都是情态动词。Lessons 31321. 现在进行时:1)用法表示现在或现一阶段正在进行的动作，常见的时间状

27、语有：now，at the moment或具体时刻。look，listen直接引出的句子。2)基本结构：主语 +be + v.ing + 其它。be 为助动词，助动词：本身无词义，必须和主要动词相结合才能构成谓语。具有构成疑问、否定功能。还可以构成各种时态和语态。现在分词的构成(口诀：一直二去三双写)一直：直接加，-ing二去：去掉不发音的e再加，-ing三双写：以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写它再加，-ing。但lie-lying，die-dying， tie-tying2. I beg your pardon?=Beg your pardon?=Your pardon?=Pardon?

28、 表示请求对方重复。3. What about？=How about？=And you？表示进一步询问。4. run after=chase 追赶，追逐。5. 一般现在时的三种基本形式：1）主语+be+表语+其它。（疑问、否定靠be完成。）2）主语+实义动词+其它。（疑问、否定靠do、does完成。）3）主语+情态动词+实义动词+其它。（疑问、否定靠情态动词完成。）修饰一般现在时的频率副词有：always，usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week等。6.动词加副词组成的动词短语后接宾语时，名词作宾语时，放在副词前后都可以；

29、代词作宾语时只放在动词和副词之间。即：名词放两边，代词放中间。这样的动词短语有： put on，take off， turn on，turn off等。Lessons 33341. It is a fine day today.句中it指天气，如：Its raining outside.表示天气好的语句还有：What a nice day!How beautiful the weather is!(What beautiful weather it is!)How clear it is!Its a lovely day, isnt it?2. cloud既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，much

30、 cloud, some cloud，many clouds。3.walk over从这一边走到那一边，fly over从这一边飞到那一边They are walking over the bridge.look常见的词组有：look at：看， look after 照看，look up 在字典中查找look over 仔细（给病人）检查，look around环视4.表示多少的词语：over，more than, above:less than, below:about, around,or so这些词组只有or so放在数量后面，而其它放在数量前面。Lessons 35361. a ph

31、otograph of our village,我们村庄的照片（照出是我们的村庄），a photo of her她的一张照片（照的是她）。her photos 她的照片（照片属于她，照的不一定是她）。2.between two hills/trees 两座山(棵树)之间，between A and B，而among表示在三者以上之间among the trees 在树林中。3.The village is on the river.句中on译为在附近，而不是在上。又如：on Green Street，在格林大街。4. another，又一个，另一个。one the other（两个）一个另一个

32、5. My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river.My wife and I：我和我的妻子。英语人称顺序是：你(you)、他(he, she, it, they)、我(I, we)。而汉语是：我、你、他。6.swim/go/walk across 指从表面穿过，out of从里向外，into从外向里，都必须和动词结合。7.one of them他们中的一位，some of us 我们中一些most of you 你们中的多数，many of the students许多学生Lessons 37381. 本课中出现的几个动词词组：

33、work hard, make a bookcase,paint a picture, study hard, make a chair, paint the table yellow。Give me a hammer.划线部分是双宾语，双宾语就是两个宾语。正常顺序是先人后物（简称为人物）。人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语（人间物直）。也可以先物后人，之间用to或for。如：The teacher teaches us English.=The teacher teaches English to us.练习一下吧 1）Xiao Tong drew her a picture.2）My good f

34、riend sent me a camera.3）His father buys him a new bicycle every other two years.双宾语调换位置是使用介词to还是for，要根据动词而定pass，send，give，teach等要用to; buy，make，draw，get,read 等要用for，用混了句子是错误的。2. What are you going to do now? 句子中be going to是本单元的重要句型，be going to三个词相当于will或shall一个词，所以叫三合一将来时，这种将来时具有三个特征：表示推断将来时：Its goi

35、ng to rain tomorrow.表示不久的将来：He is going to see his mother soon.表示打算和计划性的将来：We are going to visit Toronto next winter vacation.3. Can you help me wash the clothes.划线部分就是宾语补足语，me 和wash the clothes叫复合宾语。Lessons 39401. What are you going to do with that vase?do with 相当于deal with 意为：处理某事或两人之间的矛盾。但是，do wi

36、th 的问句用what 提出问题，而deal with 用how提出问题。eg：My radio is broken.What are you going to do with it?How are you going to deal with it?2. Im going to put it on this table.put on 有两种用法：1）把某物放在上，2) 穿上，put 组成的词组还有：put into 把某物放入，put off推迟。3. Give it to me. give之后接双宾语时，先物后人时，中间用“to”。当双宾语是代词时，必须先物后人。物品是代词也必须先物后人。

37、4.There we are.是指干完工作后的一种口头用语，可译为：干好了，完事了。动词加副词构成的动词短语，后接宾语时，如果宾语是名词，把它放在副词的前后都可以。但如果宾语是代词时，必须放在副词之前。口诀是：名词放两边，代词放中间。常见的这样的动词短语有：turn on, turn off, put on, take off, pick up, look over，try on等。pick up the bookLessons 41421. 如何表达名词的量:可数名词：1）具体数字，one，two，three thousand，2）不定代词：some，any，many，a lot of, h

38、undreds of3) 器具：由basket, box, bag等东西构成的短语：a bag of, a box of, a basket of等。不可数名词：1）多数以量词类名词：piece, loaf, bar, pound, kilo等和 of结合：a piece of, three pounds of.4) 不定代词：some, any, a little, a lot of, much, plenty of等修饰。2.certainly 是副词，它是由certain+ly构成，相当于 sure， of course，译为: 当然，当然可以3.特殊疑问词小结:what, what c

39、olor, what time, what year; who, whose; which; when, why, where, how, how many, how much, how soon, how often, how old等。国名、国人、国的、国语等：1.America American 2.Australia Australian3.Austria（奥地利） Austrian 4.Britain British5.Brazil Brazilian 6. Canada Canadian7. China Chinese 8. Demark Danish9.England Engli

40、sh 10. France French11 .Germany German 12. Greece Greek13. Holland Dutch 14. Italy Italian15. Japan Japanese 16. Korea Korean17. Poland Polish 18. Russia Russian19. Sweden Swedish 20. Switzerland SwissLessons 43441. can 是情态动词，a. 表示能力，b. 表示请求许可，c. 表示可能性。放在you之前表示一种委婉的请求，Can you tell me the way to the

41、 station？你告诉我去车站怎么走，好吗？回答用语也相应委婉：Certainly！等，而不是Yes，No。注意其他情态动词的用法：1）May I come in?Sure, come in, please.Sorry, wait a minute.2）May I eat that food? No, you mustnt. Its bad for your health.3）Must I finish my homework now?No, you neednt. /Yes, you must.2.over there 指远处的那边，而 there 指的是近处的那边。在英语中，here，

42、there所在的句子经常使用倒装句。也就是here， there 常放于句首。当名词作主语时，常用全倒装句；当主语是代词时，则使用部分倒装（只把here，there放在句首）。some， any 既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some 用于肯定句中和委婉的疑问句中，而any用于否定句和疑问句中（含有不肯定的意义）。3. Hurry up，Sam！本句为祈使句，相当于Be quick，Sam！hurry 还可以组成词组：in a hurry（匆忙地）已经学过的介词或词组有：in, on, under, behind, in front of, in the front of, bes

43、ide, between, over, in the middle of, at, across, through, along, about, for, with, like, from, by, near, of, next to, after, before.Lessons 45461. next 下一个，下一次。反义词last：next day （tomorrow）/ week/ month/ year。last 上一次，上一个。last day（yesterday） / week/ month/ year.The bosss handwriting is terrible. boss

44、s 是名词所有格，一般指有生命的人物类名词。还可以指时间、地点等的所有格。eg：Three hours time is too short.多数情况在单数名词词尾加：s不可数名词之后加：s单数名词末尾有s的加：有s的名词词尾直接加：一般遵循：有s加：，无s 加：s。2. Can you type this letter for the boss?type 后跟双宾语，本句相当于：Can you type the boss this letter?Lessons 47481. Do you like coffee? 句中的do 为助动词，无词义，一般不重读，否定式：dont或do not 需重读

45、。简答或在句尾时需重读。like的用法：接宾语（名词或代词）：Do you like your pencil-box？接不定式作宾语：Would you like to have some coffee?后接动名词作宾语：Everyone likes watching TV.2. Do you want any sugar?want 之后常接三种形式：1）后接名词或代词作宾语：He wants some hamburgers.2）后接不定式作宾语: She is thirsty. She wants to drink some water.3）后接复合宾语,want sb. to do som

46、ething：He wants us to be careful next time.black coffee:清咖啡，浓咖啡，white coffee：白咖啡，加牛奶伴侣的咖啡。black tea：红茶，浓茶green tea绿茶3. 表示名词类别的三种形式：1）单数名词前加，a/an: Thats a red apple.2)可数名词复数形式：Elephants are heavier than pigs.3) 定冠词加名词复数：The dogs run faster than the rabbits. the 加上形容词： The old arent so strong as the y

47、oung.Lessons 49501. 选择疑问句: 有两个或两个以上一般疑问句合成的疑问句叫选择疑问句，或特殊疑问句：1）一般疑问：Would you want some apples or bananas?2）特殊疑问句：Which one do you want, the big one or the small one?How do you go to the zoo, by bus or on foot?2. I like lamb, but my husband doesnt. 句子中doesnt需重读，相当于doesnt like lamb.本句为并列句，由并列连词and，but

48、，or等并列的句子叫并列句。To tell you the truth, I dont like chicken, either. to tell you the truth 不定式作目的状语，也可以说: to be honest.too和 either 都译为也，但too用在肯定句中，而either用于否定句中。Lessons 51521. Where do you come from? 你是哪儿的人？询问国籍常用 Where are you from? 或 Where do you come from?以上两句的答语都是国家名称，2. What nationality are you?本句

49、用于询问国人，句中you可以换成其他人称。3. Whats the climate like in your country? climate指一年四季的天气状况，而weather指的是具体某天、某周、某月、某季节的天气状况。表示时间的名词如: 几点钟、星期几、几月几日、季节之前不用冠词。但之前要使用适当的介词。at用于几点钟，at six oclock， at five thirty, at half past seven, at a quarter to ten，at noon，at night；on用于以日为单位的名词前，on a sunny morning , on that day,

50、 on Monday , on Tuesday afternoon ,on January 12, 2021; on the evening of October 23,2000 ; in 用于上午，下午，傍晚，夜间等 in the morning/afternoon/evening/night它还可以用于月份、年代:in May，in June，2011.4. Its often windy in March.windy是由 wind 派生而来的：windwindy天气方面的词多数遵循这类变化，如：sunsunny sandsandy cloudcloudysnowsnowy rainrai

51、ny。其它表示天气方面的形容词有:hot, cold, cool, warm, clear, fine, freezing等。单词记忆法小结：1）拼读、拼写加大声朗读。最简单的机械记忆法。2）化整为零法：就是把长词按音节或方便的记忆段分开，一步步记忆，再合成到一起的方法。3）由集中记忆变为理解记忆和分散记忆，就是把单词施加一定意义记忆叫理解记忆，把集中在一定的时间记忆，改为分期、分阶段记忆叫分散记忆。4）派生法: 这是最基本的广泛记词法，也就是在词根的前后加上前缀或后缀形成一个新的词，这种构词法叫派生法，前缀常改变词义，后缀常改变词性。5）有两个词和在一起形成的新词叫合成法：armchair，

52、blackboard，classroom，pencil-box。6）分类、分组联想法：按词性，如：名、代、形、数、动、副、冠、介、连、叹。词义分，如：文具类、动物类、职业类、颜色类、家具类等等。Lessons 53541. Whats the climate like in your country?=How is the climate in your country?你们国家的气候怎样？how= whatlikeWhats the weather like in spring?春天的天气怎么样？句中weather是不可数名词。之前不能用a，What a beautiful weather

53、it is! (×)What beautiful weather it is! ()2.north(北)，south（南），west（西），east（东），northeast（东北），northwest，southeast，southwest叫方位词，在前面常加in the。3.best是最高级形式，原形为well,英语的三级跳：即，形容词和副词常有三种形式:原形，比较级和最高级，如：good, well better besttall taller tallestshort shorter shortest4. The sun rises early and sets late.e

54、arly和late是一对反义词，它们都是两个词性，形容词和副词；本句中作副词用，修饰动词rises和sets。5.在英语中有些名词是不用冠词的，像时间、三餐、球类等。Lessons 55561. The Sawyers live at 87 King Street.在英语中，the+姓氏+s表示一家人或夫妇二人。the Lis 老李家或李氏夫妇。in the morning/afternoon/evening是什么意思？at noon, at night又是何意？它们修饰什么时态？（一般现在时）always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never什么意思，它们

55、又修饰什么时态？（一般现在时）every组成的词组又有什么呢？2. 一般现在时总结：一、用法：表示现在或现一阶段经常、反复发生的动作，分下列几种情况：现在的状态、心理和外貌特征。常规性的动作。符合客观规律性的动作表示能力特征等。二、基本结构1）主语+be+表语+其它。（There be句型）否定、疑问靠be完成2）主语+实义动词（单三+s）+其它。否定、疑问靠do（does）完成3）主语+情态动词+实义动词+其它。否定、疑问靠情态动词完成。Lessons 57581.Its eight oclock. 句中it指时间，它还可以指天气、温度、距离这种it被称为虚主语，如：Whats it lik

56、e today? Its very hot.2. The children go to school by car.by后面常接交通工具: train, plane, ship, boat, rocket, bicycle, air, sea, taxi等。3.this morning, this afternoon, this evening, this year等词组中this译：今天，今。tonight今晚，today今天4.do homework 做作业 do my homework, does his/her homework5.stay at home 留在家里，呆在家里，be o

57、ut，be away在外面6.at the moment=at this moment,此刻修饰进行时。现在进行时1.用法：表示此时此刻正做的事情，人或事物存在的状态。常见的几种情况：1) Look! Listen! 引出的句子，2) now, at the moment 修饰的句子3) 各种画面展示的情景，如：画，电视，舞台展示的情景。4) 根据上下文。2.结构：主语+be+现在分词+其它be（am, is, are）是助动词，形成否定和疑问动词+ing,分三种形式，口诀：一直，二去，三双写多数词直接加-ing去掉不发音的e加-ing以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母再加-ingLessons 59601.选择疑问句：有两个或两个以上的疑问句用or合成的句子叫选择疑问句。如：Do you want the large size or the small size?Do you want beef or lamb?Is it a Japanese car or Swedish car?2.paper 名词：纸，不可数名词，没有复数可以说；a piece of paper.some pi