2018-2019版英语高一、高二同步系列课堂讲义教版Unit-4-Part-ⅡVIP

1、Part Grammar倒装 思维导图在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这称之为自然语序。但有时为了修辞需要，谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面，这种语序叫倒装。而倒装语序又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。一、倒装的种类倒装有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称之为完全倒装。若谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或 be 动词)位于主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。二、完全倒装1.将here，there，now，then等地点或时间副词置于句首，谓语动词是be，come，go，remain，lie，run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。Look！Here com

2、es a bus.看！有辆公共汽车来了。Then came a stranger with a black hat.然后来了一位戴着黑帽子的陌生人。2.表示运动方向的副词out，in，up，down，away等置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，如 leave，walk，run，rush等，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。Down came the brown water fall.棕色的头发瀑布般地披下来。3.表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点概念或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie，stand，exist，live，sit等)时，要用完全倒装。In front of

3、the classroom stands a tall tree.教室的前面有一棵大树。4.作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，要用“表语连系动词主语”结构。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。5.such作表语，置于句首，意为“就是如此”。Such is our lively city，which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。名师指津(1)在完全

4、倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.山顶上有座塔。(2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。Here he comes.他过来了。巧学助记巧记完全倒装副介开头全倒装，遇到代词则照常。方位方式别遗忘，上下进出往前放。there，here用得上，时间顺序句首放。表语句首主语长，句子平衡需倒装。三、部分倒装1.表示否定或半否定意义的词或短语no，not，never

5、，hardly，seldom，rarely，little，nowhere，by no means，in no way，at no time，in no case，on no account等置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。Hardly does she have time to listen to music.她几乎没时间听音乐。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it.他如果给你钱，你可绝不

6、能接受。2.“only状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。“only状语从句”位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。Only then did I understand what she meant.只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。名师指津在only后作状语的是从句时，从句不要用倒装，要部分倒装的是主句。Only when he returned home did he

7、realize what had happened.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3.“so/nor/neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”，意为“某人/某物也如此”，该结构为部分倒装。He can swim and so can I.他会游泳，我也会。The headmaster will not permit the change in the course，nor will he even give it a thought.校长既不会允许课程上的变革，也不会对其予以考虑。4.not only.but also.引导两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，not only所

8、在的分句需用倒装，but also所在的分句不用倒装。Not only does she speak Spanish，but she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。5.含有no sooner.than，hardly.when，scarcely.when的主从复合句中，no sooner，hardly，scarcely所在的主句倒装，than，when所在的从句不倒装。Hardly had Mike picked up the ball when another player took it from him.麦克刚接过球，另一名球员就从他那儿抢走

9、了。No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我刚一到家天就开始下雨了。6.当as/though表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句时，要把强调的表语、谓语动词、状语放在主语之前。Try as he would，he couldnt open the door.虽然他努力了，却仍打不开那门。7.虚拟条件句中，把if引导的条件从句中的were，had，should提前，并省去if，也可构成部分倒装结构。Had he got up earlier，he would have caught the flight.If he had got up earli

10、er，he would have caught the flight.如果他起的早点话，他就会赶上航班了。8.在so.that.和such.that.句型中，把so形容词或副词或把such名词短语放于句首时，主句使用部分倒装句式。So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family was at a great loss.他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。巧学助记巧记部分倒装only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；so和such放句首，引起主谓要倒装；not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；had，wer

11、e，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。.用倒装结构完成句子1.There_goes the last bus.末班公共汽车来了。2.Away_went the runners.赛跑选手们跑远了。3.Such_great_progress_did_he_make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。4.So_excited_was_I that I couldnt wait to try wearing them.我太激动了，迫不及待地想试穿它。5.No sooner had_I_entered the office than the phone ra

12、ng.我刚进办公室电话铃就响了。6.Sitting_in_front_of_the_house_is a little girl，who is my little sister.一个小女孩坐在房子的前面，她是我的妹妹。7.Only_in_this_way_can_people from all over the world communicate easily and effectively.只有通过这种方式，来自全世界的人们才能轻松、有效地交流。8.Not_until_the_river_was_seriously_polluted_did the local government real

13、ize the problem.直到河水被严重污染了，当地政府才意识到这个问题。.把下面句子改为倒装句1.A picture is hanging on the wall.On_the_wall_is_hanging_a_picture.2.The speaker sat in the front of the lecture hall.In_the_front_of_the_lecture_hall_sat_the_speaker.3.Though the night air was hot，we slept deeply.Hot_though_the_night_air_was，we_sl

14、ept_deeply.4.Suddenly the door opened and a woman rushed out.Suddenly_the_door_opened_and_out_rushed_a_woman.5.The days are gone when the smog happens so frequently.Gone_are_the_days_when_the_smog_happens_so_frequently.6.Though they tried hard，they couldnt make her change her mind.Hard_though_they_t

15、ried，they_couldnt_make_her_change_her_mind.7.She has never seen anybody play tennis so well before.Never_before_has_she_seen_anybody_play_tennis_so_well.8.He realized it was the same place hed been in last year only when he arrived.Only_when_he_arrived_did_he_realize_it_was_the_same_place_hed_been_i

16、n_last_year.9.She was so brave that she faced the difficulty bravely.So_brave_was_she_that_she_faced_the_difficulty_bravely.10.I did not understand the true state of the affairs until I read your letter.Not_until_I_read_your_letter_did_I_understand_the_true_state_of_the_affairs.Part Learning about L

17、anguage & Using Language.重点单词1.housewife n.家庭主妇2.crime n.罪行；犯罪3.department n.部门；部；处；系4.polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色5.process vt.加工；处理 n.过程；程序；步骤6.edition n.版(本)；版次edit v.编辑editor n.编辑7.accurate adj.精确的；正确的accurately adv.精确地8.chief adj.主要的；首席的chiefly adv.首先；首要地9.appointment n.约会，任命appoint vt.任命，委派；约定appointed

18、adj.指定的10.senior adj.& n.年长的；高年级的；年长者junior adj.& n.年少的；年少者11.approve vt.赞成；认可；批准approval n.赞成；批准.核心短语1.get_absorbed_in致力于2.defend.against. 保护不受3.begin_with 以开始4.ahead_of 在前面5.pass sth on to 把传递给6.last of all 最后7.be happy with 对满意8.be supposed to 应该.经典句式1.Although he realized the man had_been_lying，

19、Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.尽管他知道那个人一直在撒谎，但周阳明白他绝不能直接指责那个人。2.Then as_the_article_was_going_to_be_written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行润饰。1.联想记单词：由house组成的合成名词

20、housewife家庭主妇housekeeper主妇；女管家housework家务活2.派生词：名词后缀：ment，aldepart n.分支department n.部门；部；处；系appoint vt.委任；指定appointment n.约会；任命approve vt.& vi.赞成；认可；批准approval n.赞成；同意阅读清障editor/edIt/n.编辑get.ready把准备好edition/IdIn/n.版(本)；版次ahead of在前面ahead of time 提前department/dIptmnt/n.部门，部，处，系set to work开始工作。与其意义相近

21、的短语有：task/tsk/n.工作，任务Although在此引导让步状语从句。accurate/kjrt/adj.精确的；正确的“特殊疑问词不定式”结构作knew的宾语。teach sb to do sth教某人做某事who引导定语从句，修饰The first person。senior/sinI/adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的be senior to比年长check/tek/v.检查，核查，检验copyeditor文字编辑main headline主标题smaller heading副标题as.English为原因状语从句。polish/plI/vt.擦亮；磨光；润色过去分词短语作后置定

22、语，修饰the native speaker。动词不定式短语作目的状语。front page article头版文章chief/tif/adj.主要的；首席的 n.首领；长官chief editor主编approve/pruv/vt.赞成；认可sure后接省略that的宾语从句。excitedly/IksaItIdli/adv.兴奋地work on从事；忙于。本文中可译作“编排”。set v.确定，决定；放，置；以为设置背景；(日、月)落下；为谱曲；排版。本文中意为“确定；编排完毕”。until.set为时间状语从句。process/prses/vt.加工；处理 n.过程；程序；步骤negat

23、ive/netIv/n.底片；否定 adj.否定的；消极的as引导原因状语从句。when引导时间状语从句。whisper/wIsp(r)/v.& n.耳语，低语in whispers低声地there.news为宾语从句，省略了引导词that。原文呈现GETTING THE “SCOOP”“Quick，”said the editor.“Get that story ready.We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers.This is a scoop.”Zhou Yang had just come back i

24、nto the office after an interview with a famous film star.“Did he really do that？”asked someone from the International News Department .“Yes，Im afraid he did，”Zhou Yang answered.He set to work.His first task was to write his story，but he had to do it carefully.Although he realized the man had been l

25、ying，Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.He would have to be accurate.Concise too！He knew how to do that.Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases.He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from h

26、is department.He checked the evidence，read the article and passed it on to the copyeditor.She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading.“This will look very good on the page，”she said.“Where is a good picture of this man？”Then as the article was going to be written in

27、English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.She was also very happy with Zhou Yangs story.“You are really able to write a good front page article，”she said.Zhou Yang smiled with happiness.Last of all，the chief editor read it and approved it.

28、“Well done，”he said to Zhou Yang.“But please show me your evidence so were sure weve got our facts straight.”“Ill bring it to you immediately，”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set.All the information

29、 was then ready to be processed into film negatives.This was the first stage of the printing process.They needed four negatives，as several colours were going to be used on the story.Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspape

30、r.After one last check the page was ready to be printed.Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready.“Wait till tonight，”his friend whispered.“I expect there will be something about this on the television news.A real scoop！”课文译文抢发独家新闻周阳刚刚采访完一位著名影星回到办公室，编辑就说：“快点把那篇报道准备好，我们这一版就要用它，这样我们就

31、能抢在其他报纸的前面了，这就是独家新闻。”国际新闻部有人问道：“他真的做了那种事吗？”周阳回答说：“是的，恐怕他做了。”(接着)他(便)开始工作。他的第一项任务就是写报道稿，他必须认认真真地写。尽管他意识到那个人一直在说谎，但周阳明白，他决不能直接指控那个人。他必须做到准确无误，并且(报道)还要简明扼要！他知道该如何做。经过几个月的训练，他已经学会了写文章，全然没有废话。他在电脑前坐下来就开始工作了。第一个看他这篇文章的人是他们部里的一位编审。他核查了证据，阅读了整篇文章，然后把它转给技术编辑。她就开始编辑这篇文章，设计了主标题和副标题。她说：“这在版面上会很好看。这个人的照片该放在哪儿好呢？

32、”然后因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所以周阳又拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的雇员，请她对(文章的)语言风格进行润色。这位雇员对周阳的报道稿也很满意。她说：“你确实能写好的头版文章了。”周阳高兴地笑了。最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准发表。他对周阳说：“做得不错，不过你还得拿出证据来我们才能确信已经把事实都了解清楚了。”周阳兴奋地说：“我马上给您拿来。”新闻文字编辑取走这篇报道，开始对所有报道和图片进行编排，直至把各版面全部确定。此后，所有的报道材料就要被制成胶片。这是印刷过程的第一步。由于这篇报道要用好几种颜色，因此需要四张胶片。每一种主色要用一张底片，四张底片结合起来就制成了一张报纸的彩页。经过

33、最后一次校对后，这个版面就准备印刷了。周阳兴奋地等待着第一版的印出。“要等到今天晚上，”他的朋友轻声说。“我期望电视新闻会对这件事做一些报道。这是真正的独家新闻！”Choose the best answers according to the text.1.According to the first paragraph，we know that _.A.Zhou Yang has interviewed a famous film starB.the editor writes articles according to the covered storiesC.Zhou Yang has

34、 written an article on the famous film starD.Zhou Yang doubts if it is a scoop2.It seems that_.A.Zhou Yang is especially good at getting a scoopB.Zhou Yang has got some experience as a reporterC.Zhou Yang is in charge of the International News DepartmentD.Zhou Yang accused the famous film star of hi

35、s lies3.The process of making news is _.A.the reporterthe editorthe copyeditorthe chief editorthe news desk editorB.the editorthe reporterthe copyeditorthe chief editorthe news desk editorC.the chief editorthe editorthe news desk editorthe reporterthe copyeditorD.the reporterthe news desk editorthe

36、chief editorthe editorthe copyeditor4.If we want to print twocolor newspapers，well need _ negatives.A.two B.four C.one D.three5.The writer wrote this passage mainly _.A.to explain how to get the “scoop”B.to explain how to print colored newspapersC.to tell us a piece of scoop newsD.to introduce how t

37、o make a newspaper答案1.A2.B3.A4.A5.D1.senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的n.较年长者The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department.(教材P30)第一个看到他这篇文章的人是他们部里的一位编审。(1)be senior to 比年长/职位高比某人年长多少岁She is senior to me，so I have to do what she tells me.她是我的上级，所以我需要做她安排给我的任何事情。As we all know，Joh

38、n is five years senior to me.As we all know，John is senior to me by five years.As we all know，John is my senior by five years.众所周知，约翰比我大五岁。2.approve vt.赞成；认可；批准 vi.赞同Last of all，the chief editor read it and approved it.(教材P30)最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准发表了。(1)vt.赞成；认可；批准The government approved a plan to provid

39、e houses to local people.政府批准了为当地人提供房屋的计划。(2)vi.赞同approve of sth.同意/赞同某事approve of sb/sbs doing sth 同意/赞同某人做某事In fact I dont approve of his plan.实际上，我不赞成他的计划。I approve of your trying(try)to earn some money，but please dont neglect your studies.我同意你去挣一些钱，可是请不要忽视了你的学业。The course is approved by the Depa

40、rtment for Education.课程已获教育部批准。I entirely approve of that theory.我完全赞成那种理论。3.process vt.加工；处理n.过程；程序；步骤All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.(教材P30)然后，所有的报道材料就要被制成胶片。Studies have shown that the right and left ear process sound differently.研究表明右耳朵和左耳朵对声音的处理是不同的。in pro

41、cess 在进行中in the process of 在过程中I learned that my application for studying abroad is in_process.我得知我申请出国学习的事宜正在办理中。We are proud that our country is in_the_process_of becoming stronger.我们很自豪我们的国家正变得越来越强大。4.appointment n.约会；任命；预约；委任；职务；职位Practise in pairs making appointments.(教材P31)两人一组练习约会。(1)have/mak

42、e an appointment with sb跟某人约会/预约keep/break an/ones appointment 守/违约(2)appoint v.任命；约定appoint sb (as/to be) sth 任命某人为appoint sb to sth 委派某人；任命某人The appointment of a new mayor was reported in the newspaper.报上报道了任命一位新市长的消息。I have an appointment with Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改变一下。

43、If you fail to keep_the_dentists_appointment，youll have to pay for it.如果你和牙医约好时间但到时不去，你得付钱。He appointed me (as/to be) president of the association.他任命我为该协会的主席。1.ahead of在前面；提前；早于；领先；胜过We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers.(教材P30)我们这一版就要用，这样我们就抢在其他报纸的前面了。写出下列句中ahead of的含义He w

44、as running 50 meters ahead of me.在前面If you had warned me ahead of time，I wouldnt have gone.提前His ideas were ahead of his time.领先ahead of time提前get ahead of(使)在前；行进go ahead先走；走在前面；继续下去；开始干；(催促对方)请自便look ahead向前看；为前途考虑move ahead向前移；领先；进一步提高Thanks to your help，we have completed the project two weeks ah

45、ead_of_time.多亏了您的帮助，我们提前两周完成了这项工程。If you want to move_ahead in your job，take advice from more experienced workers.你若想在工作中有所长进，应求教于更富有经验的工人。2.last of all 最后Last of all came the cat.最后来的是猫。Last of all the woman also died.最后，那妇人也死了。联想归纳all的搭配荟萃above all 首先；最重要的after all 毕竟；终究all in all 总的说来；总而言之in all

46、总共；总计at all 根本；丝毫(常用于否定句、条件句以加强语气)1.Although he realized the man had been lying，Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.(教材P30)尽管他知道那个人一直在撒谎，但周阳明白他绝不能直接指责那个人。本句中had been lying为过去完成进行时；其主要用法为：(1)构成：had been 现在分词(doing)。(2)意义：表示在过去某时或者某个动作之前一直进行的动作，暗示该动作持续到过去某时或过去某个动作发生时，且还可能持续下去。(3)时间标志词：by 引出

47、的时间状语、before 或 when 引导的从句(从句用一般过去时)、表示一段时间的状语(如 for hours，all these days)等。I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers swam before my eyes.一下午我都在做数学题，所以我眼前全是数字。He had_been_studying(study)English for three years before he went abroad.在他出国之前，他学习英语已三年了。He came back late because h

48、e had_been_waiting(wait)for her for two hours.他回来得晚，因为他一直等她两个小时。2.Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.(教材P30)因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行润饰。as the article was going to

49、be written是 as 引导的原因状语从句。as 作连词引导状语从句的用法：(1)引导原因状语从句，表示“因为；由于”。As he was busy，he couldnt spare time to go on a holiday with his family.因为他很忙，所以抽不出时间和家人一起度假。(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当时；一边一边；随着”。As_she_sang，tears ran down her cheeks.她唱歌时，眼泪从脸颊淌下。(3)引导方式状语从句，意为“正如；就像”。When in Rome do as the Romans do.(谚语)入乡随俗。(4

50、)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，从句应用倒装语序。Intelligent_as_she_was，she had not much insight.她虽然聪明，但不是很有洞察力。.单词拼写1.There are twelve departments (系) in our university.2.I sort of think its more or less a crime (犯罪).3.His father was a senior(高级)officer at the bank.4.Im afraid your teacher wont approve (同意)of your goi

51、ng there.5.Would you polish (润色) up the article a little?6.I will tell you，sooner or later，all the complicated process (过程).7.The new edition (版) of the dictionary will appear in the bookstore next week.8.They congratulated him on his appointment (任命) as chairman.选词填空in the process of，make an appoin

52、tment，approve of，be senior to，ahead of，last of all1.He managed to finish the task ahead_of time.2.Last_of_all，Id like to thank you for your consideration.3.She felt quite excited with so many people approving_of her decision.4.Many countries are in_the_process_of becoming more advanced.5.Though Jack

53、 is younger than Ann，he is_senior_to her.6.You should phone the doctor if you want to make_an_appointment.完成句子1.I got_absorbed_in_the_new_book written by Han Han.我被韩寒的这本新书吸引住了。2.The snow white princess had_been_sleeping for many years before the prince came.在王子到达之前，白雪公主一直沉睡了很多年。3.The children had_be

54、en_playing_in_the_snow until their parents came back yesterday.昨天孩子们在雪中一直玩到父母回来。4.The time in London is five hours ahead_of_that in New York.伦敦时间要比纽约时间早5个小时。5.If_we_all_set_to_work，we can finish cleaning the house in an hour.如果我们大家都努力干，我们能在一个小时之内就把这间房子打扫干净。.单句语法填空1.You need to hit the ball accuratel

55、y (accurate).2.The book examines the causes of criminal (crime)behaviour.3.My daughter is always well ahead of the rest of her classmates in maths.4.My little brother is my junior by three years.5.The president of the firm has cancelled the appointment (appoint) with me this afternoon.6.Most of his girlfriends failed to meet with his fathers approval (approve).7.Your application for the position is in process.8.I walked into the department of licensing，and greeted my dad，who had_been_waiting(wait)for me patiently for two hours