高中英语语法动词不定式演示教学

1、第一页，共37页。Grammar一一 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(dngy)、状语、补足语等、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓但不能作谓语。语。第二页，共37页。动词动词(dngc)不定不定式式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She c

2、ame here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语(zhy) 宾语宾语(bny)表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补第三页，共37页。作主语作主语(zhy)To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的当今掌握一门外语真的(zhn de)很重要。很重要。2. 放弃放弃(fngq)吸烟是对的。吸烟是对的。第四

3、页，共37页。作宾语作宾语(bny)Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定没有钱，所以他决定(judng)找一找一份工作。份工作。2. 他答应他答应(d yng)不告述任何人这事。不告述任何人这事。第五页，共37页。afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, det

4、ermine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive. Remember!第六页，共37页。 The following verbs are normally followed by v-i

5、ng. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant helpRemember them!第七页，共37页。作表语作表语(bioy)My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作我的工作(gngzu)是是教英语。教英语。2. 眼见为实。眼见为实。第八页，共37页。作定

6、语作定语(dngy)Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么你有什么(shn me)要说的吗要说的吗?2. Betty是第一个知道是第一个知道(zh do)这真相的人这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth第九页，共37页。It seems that he has no pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意(zh y)如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词(j w dn c)，其后应加上必要的介词其后应

7、加上必要的介词Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with.第十页，共37页。不定式作定语，往往不定式作定语，往往(wngwng)表示将表示将要发生的动作。要发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注意(zh y)第十一页，共37页。作状语作状语(zhungy)He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im

8、too tired to walk any further tonight.目的目的(md)状语状语.原因原因(yunyn)状状语语.结果状语结果状语第十二页，共37页。目的状语目的状语: 常用的结构常用的结构(jigu)to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.结果状语结果状语: 常与常与only , enough 或或too连用。连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough t

9、o go to school.原因状语原因状语: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.第十三页，共37页。作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在这儿她叫我呆在这儿(zhr)。2.请允许请允许(ynx)我介绍我介绍Mr. White给给你们。你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.第十四页，共37页。1) 带带to的不定式作宾补。很多动词的不定式作宾补。很多动词(dngc)如如: allow, order, forc

10、e, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后面作宾补的不定式都带等后面作宾补的不定式都带to。 第十五页，共37页。如如: He didnt allow us to smoke in his house.他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。2) 不带不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词的不定式作宾补。使役动词(dngc)make, have, let;感官动词感官动词(dngc)see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带等后面作宾补

11、的不定式不带to。如如: He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他他做了一个鬼脸做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。第十六页，共37页。 如果上述结构变为被动语态如果上述结构变为被动语态, ,不定不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语, ,此时此时(c sh)(c sh)第第2 2类动词类动词(let, have(let, have无被动无被动语态语态) )后原来不带后原来不带toto的不定式要加的不定式要加toto。如如:I saw him go upstairs. :I saw him go up

12、stairs. He was seen to go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看见他上楼去了。有人看见他上楼去了。Be careful!注意注意(zh y) :第十七页，共37页。动词动词(dngc)不定式不定式的时态的时态1. He seems to know this.2. I hope to see you next week. 一般一般(ybn)式式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生发生(fshng)，或，或

13、之后发生之后发生(fshng)。第十八页，共37页。.进行进行(jnxng)式式( to be doing)1.He pretended to be working when I came in.2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me passing him.表示谓语表示的动作表示谓语表示的动作(dngzu)（情况）发生（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动时，不定式所表示的动作作(dngzu)正在进行。正在进行。动词动词(dngc)不定式不定式的时态的时态第十九页，共37页。动词动词(dngc)不定式不定式的时态的时态.完成完成(

14、wn chng)式（式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的动作不定式的动作发生发生(fshng)在在谓语表示的动谓语表示的动作之前。作之前。第二十页，共37页。动词动词(dngc)不定式的语不定式的语态态.主动式主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_

15、abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示(biosh)的动作的执行者时的动作的执行者时.第二十一页，共37页。动词动词(dngc)不定式的不定式的语态语态.被动式被动式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt like to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supermarket when

16、he was doing shopping yesterday.being badly treated B.treating badlyA. C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示(biosh)的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时.第二十二页，共37页。注意注意(zh y) A. 动词动词(dngc)不定式的否定式只须在不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teache

17、r told us not to be late again.否定否定(fudng)副词副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前前My mother told me never to do it again.第二十三页，共37页。注意注意(zh y)B. 动词不定式之后可加疑动词不定式之后可加疑问词，通常问词，通常(tngchng)做做主语，宾语。主语，宾语。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?第二十四页，共37页。注意注意(

18、zh y)C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常重复时，动词不定式常常(chngchng)省去省去to 后面的动后面的动词，只保留词，只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。第二十五页，共37页。1. The light in t

19、he office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned练习练习(linx)第二十六页，共37页。3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of spea

20、k B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen第二十七页，共37页。5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To g

21、et D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind as us out? -With pleasure. A. helping B. in helping C. help D. to help第二十八页，共37页。7 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. hav

22、ing met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning第二十九页，共37页。10. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 11. Robert is said _ abroad,

23、but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying第三十页，共37页。高考高考(o ko)链接链接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008全国全国(qun u)I卷卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 第三十一

24、页，共37页。2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京北京(bi jn)卷卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京北京(bi jn)卷卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomedA C 第三十二页，共37页。4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done