初中科普知识与技术英语阅读

1、初中英语阅读：科普知识与现代技术（含答案）NO1.-未来的汽车NO2.-热空气占据更大空间NO3.-眼睛识别系统NO4.-网络科技的利弊NO5.-卫星气象NO6.-睡眠NO7.-智能服装NO8.-智能城市NO9.-大脑科学科普类文章是中考英语的常考题材，每年中考都有所涉及，这类文章的总特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。解题时要注意：1. 平时多阅读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇。2. 要熟悉科普文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部份组成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的中考命题情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给

2、标题，而要求选择标题。导语一般位于文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常常在此设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时，一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。NO1.-未来的汽车On a sunny day last January, people got together at a parking lot in Las Vegas to see small vehicles that looked more

3、like colorful eggs than ordinary cars. These vehicles were electric, ran on two wheels instead of four and held only two passengers. Thanks to their tiny size, six of the vehicles would fit in a parking spot. If the idea of parking such a small car makes you nervous, don t worry: these cars can park

4、 themselves. And they can return to their owners when controlled by a button on a cellphone.The vehicle is called the EN-V(Electric Networked-Vehicle). It is built by General Motors, or GM, arid it points to what future vehicles might be like. It is designed to be energy-saving, solve environmental

5、problems and help ease traffic jams, parking and safety concerns. The automaker says its next concept car( 概念车 ) will help drivers get whatever they want. According to GM, the company has also designed an electric vehicle named Lean Machine. However, it is a small three-wheeler and this single-seate

6、r vehicle looks like a motorcycle. One day, such small, electric vehicles might safely carry people around ， especially in crowded cities.Scientists and engineers are finding new ways to make cars safer, smarter and more efficient, or use less energy. New cars may help you keep track of your health

7、by reminding you to take medicine. If ittric,s yeoleucr car may send you a messagereminding you to recharge it. Cars will talk to other cars, your computer, your phone and your iPa d. They ll help drivers save energy, watch out for other drivers and avoid walkers on the streets.This is the future of

8、 vehicles: safer, smarter and more energy-saving. Besides, they might even drive themselves down the highway or through a city. You can sit back and enjoy the ride.1 Why did people get together at a parking lot?A.They wanted to see some colorful eggs.B.They came to see an unusual parking lot.C.They

9、came to watch a kind of new vehicle.D.They were invited to drive some smart vehicles.2 According to Paragraph 3, future cars can do all of the following things EXCEPTA.running both on land and in waterB.helping keep track of your healthC.talking to other cars and your phoneD.saving energy and avoidi

10、ng passers-by3 Both the EN-V and Lean Machine .A. have only two wheelsB. can hold two passengersC. are environment-friendlyD. look like a motorcycle4 The text is mainly about .A.a parking lotB.the future of carsC.the traffic rules in AmericaD.the functions of modern cars答案：1 C2 A3 C4 BNO2.-热空气占据更大空间

11、Warm air needs more roomAs its temperature rises, air starts to act a little differently. Find out what happens to a balloon( 气球 ) when the air inside it heats up with this fun science experiment for kids.What you will need. An empty bottle A balloon A pot of hot water (not boiling)Instructions1.Str

12、etch（ 伸展 ） the balloon over the mouth of the empty bottle.2.Put the bottle in the pot of hot water. Let it stand for a few minutes and watch what happens.What is happening?As the air inside the balloon heats up, it starts to expand. The molecules（ 分 子 ） begin to move faster and further apart form ea

13、ch other. This is what makes the ba lloon stretch. There is still the same amount of air inside the balloon and the bottle. It has just expanded as it heats up. Warm air therefore takes up more space than the s ame amount of cold air. It also weighs less than cold air occupying （ 占 据 ） the same spac

14、e. You might have seen this principle（ 原 理 ） in action if you veflown in or watched a hot air balloon1. What dont you need?A. An empty bottle. B. A balloon C. A pot hot water. D. A cup.2. You should put in the pot of hot water.A.the bottle B. the balloon C. the cup D. the air3. What does the underli

15、ned word “ expand” mean?A. 收缩 B. 膨胀 C. 运动 D. 远离4. When air is heated, what will happen?A.The molecules move slower and get together.B.The molecules will stop moving.C.The molecules move faster and further apart from each other.D.The molecules will get closer to each other.5. Where may you see the pa

16、ssage? A.On a science magazine for kids B. In a storybookC. In a cartoon bookD. In an English book.答案： DABCANO3.-眼睛识别系统Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The programme works because everyone s eyes are different. So in the future you won t have to

17、 remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. You ll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are. The eye-recognition（ 眼睛识别） programme is tested in shops and banksin the USA, Britain and Italy.Scientists are working on other systems, such

18、 as knowing you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! And machines can already tell who you are from your voice or your fingerprint（ 指纹 ）. But eye-recognition will replace other ways of finding out who you are. It is better, becau se your eyes don t change as you get older, or get

19、dirty like hands or fingers. And even twins have different eyes, so the programme canbe up to 94% correct, depending on how good the technology is. In Britain, it wasfound that 91% of people said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。【小题 1 】 Where has the programme for rememberi

20、ng eyes been tested?A Banks and factories.B Banks and shops.C Schools and computers.D Schools and shops.【小题2 】How does the eye-recognition programme work?A You look at the machine and type a number.B You need to speak and then look.C The machine looks at your face.D You look at the machine.!【小题3 】Wh

21、ich recognition technology is already in use?ARemembering eyes or smell.BRemembering fingerprints or voices.CRemembering faces or voices.DRemembering hands or faces.!【小题 4】 What problems could there be with the eye-recognition programme?A Some eyes are the same.B Eyes can change.CIt is not always co

22、rrect.DEyes can get dirty.【小题5】 What is the advantage of the eye-recognition programme?A You needn t remember a number.B You needn t take money with youC You don t need to look at the machine.D People think itin tesre sting.答案： BDBCANO4.-网络科技的利弊No.1 Computers at home Number Opinions No.1 Computer ga

23、mes are great! They're better than TV On' TV you can watch a spaceship, but in a computer game you can fly a spaceship!No.2 Computers are bad for our health In the past, children ran around and played sports Now they just sit at home 。No.3 A lot of children spend too much time on computers T

24、hey start playing and then they can't stop 。 They don't talk to anyone They just sit and look at the computers for hours and hours No.4 When children play with computers, they learn to use them Computers will be very important in the future So children should play with them and learn about t

25、hem No.5 The internet is very useful There is more information On the Internet than in the world's biggest library No.6 A lot of computer games are very bad There is a lot of shooting and killing These games are terrible You see bad things on TV ， but in computer games you do bad things It can&#

26、39;t be good for us No.7 I don't think children learn much from computers They can't learn about life from a computer And they can't do their homework if they play computer games all the time No.8 I've got friends all over the world I've never seen any of them but I know them all

27、 well because we send e-mails to each other My computer is the door to the world !()1.In a computer game,youexciting things.A. just watchB. do C.read D. listen()2. In the past childrenA.were less healthyB.sat at homeC.talked to nobodyD. did more sports( )3.You can findinformation on the Internet tha

28、n in the library.A.betterB.moreC.more usefulD.less( )4.Some games are very bad because you bad things in some computer games.A. only see B.hear C.do D. say ()5. You can use a computer to A. open doorsB. visit other countriesC. make new friendsD.only play games答案： BDBCCNO5.-卫星气象Now satellites are hel

29、ping to forecast ( 预报) the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere, because this is where the weather forms. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists (气象学家)can see the weather of any part of the w

30、orld. From the pictures,the scientists can often say how the weather will change.Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures.When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones.Perhaps they may find that the clouds have chan

31、ged during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weath

32、er for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead.小题 1:Satellites travel .A in space B in the atmosphereC above the ground D above space小题 2:Why do we use the weather satellites to ta

33、ke pictures of the atmosphere? BecauseA the weather satellites can do it easilyB clouds form thereC the weather forms thereD the pictures can forecast the weather小题 3:Meteorologists forecast the weather .A when they have received satellite picturesB after they have compared new satellite pictures wi

34、th earlier onesC before they received satellite picturesD during they study satellite pictures小题 4:Maybe we ll soon be able to forecast the weather for .A one day B two daysC five days D seven days or even longer小题 5:The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in .A taking pictures

35、 of the atmosphereB receiving pictures of the atmosphereC doing other work in many waysD weather forecasting答案： ACBDDNO6.-睡眠It doesn t matter when and how much a person sleeps , but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That s what all doctors thought , until they heard about Herpin. Herpin, it wa

36、s said , never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they we

37、re surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw him sleeping. In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one.The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange co

38、ntinuous sleeplessness. They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be

39、sure. Herpin died at the age of 94.【小题 1 】 The main idea of this passage is thatA large numbers of people do not need sleepB a person was found who actually didnnet ed any sleepC everyone needs some sleep to stay aliveD people can live longer by trying not to sleep【小题2 】 The doctors came to visit He

40、rpin, expectingA to cure him of his sleeplessnessB to find that his sleeplessness was not really trueC to find out why some old people did not need any sleepD to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping【小题3 】 After watching him closely, the doctors came to believe that HerpinA needed some

41、 kind of sleepB was too old to need any sleepC needed no sleep at allD often sleep in a chair【小题4】 One reason that might explain Herpin s sleeplessness was A his mother s injury before he was bornB that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habitC his magnificent physical conditionD that he hadn

42、t got a bed【小题5 】 Herpin s condition could be regarded as A a common oneB one that could be curedC very healthyD a rare one答案： BBCADNO7.-智能服装In the new century, people use "smart clothes" not only for covering their body, but also for manyother kinds of uses. 1 A German clothing maker inve

43、nted the "MP3 blue jacket".People can use this kind of jacket as both a MP3 player and a cellphone. An English company （ 公司 ） developed （ 开发 ） a cloth keyboard, they put it onto your pants.2If it gets dirty, you can wash it and make it clean. As the technology （ 技术 ） improves, smart clothe

44、s will get much smarter. Scientists are developing clothes that can show your body temperature and heat you up before you feel cold.3They can tell the doctorwhen you are in danger. This technology can also provide （ 提供 ） important information about your environment. 4 Jackets with GPS （ 全球定位系统） tech

45、nology cankeep you from getting lost. People begin to love the idea. Maybe smart clothes will be common on Paris streets one day and even in your home.阅读上面短文，把 A D 四个句子填入文中1-4 空缺处， 使短文内容完整，然后完成第5 题。A. Shirts can warn you of serious pollution.B. Some kinds of smart clothes come into the market.C. You

46、 can control your computer with it easily anywhere.D. Other smart clothes to wear are special medical （ 医疗的 ） ones.5. What is the best title of the passage?A. Smart Clothes in the MarketB. Smart Clothes on Paris StreetsC. Smart Clothes for the New CenturyD. Smart Clothes with Keyboard 答案： 1-5 BCDACN

47、O8.-智能城市Have you noticed your life becoming a little easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping mall, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the basic parts of a smart city. The idea of a smart city wa

48、s brought up by US company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources, and make our life convenient. How smart can a city be? Here are great examples that we can learn from.In 2009, Dubuque bec

49、ame the first smart city in the US. The city used smart water meters to take the place of traditional water meters. They can detect（ 探测 ） water waste and leakage（ 泄漏 ） and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city resources like electricity and natural gas. This w

50、ay, people know how they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste.Santander in Spain also gives us a look at the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times. The government organiz

51、ed a research team and provided an App（应用程序 ） that collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people. Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers.1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Digital

52、technologies are used in smart cities.B. An English company first raised the idea of a smart city.C. A smart city is mainly made up of free Wi-Fi and phones.D. A smart city is still an idea and hasn t come into being.2. The underlined word “ convenient ” is the sctloinsemeaning to .A. usefulB. norma

53、lC. suitableD. easy3. Compared to traditional water meters, smart water meters do better in .A. cleaning waterB. supplying waterC. saving waterD. producing water4. The example of Santander shows the use of smart systems in aspects（ 方面 ） EXCEPTA. businessB. health careC. traffic controlling D. public

54、 transportation5. What s the main idea of the passage?A. Digital technologies help improve city planning.B. Smart cities will make our future life better and smarter.C. Smart cities are very common in both Dubuque and Santander.D. Spain and the US take the leading position in building smart cities.答

55、案： ADCBBNO9.-大脑科学A man enters a store to buy milk. He walks out of the store with milk. That is all milk. Atthe same time, a woman enters the same grocery store also to buy milk. She buys it. But, she also buys chicken and lemons to make dinner that night. Then she remembers to buy food for her son

56、to eat at school. She also gets a bottle of wine for drinks with friends and a birthday card for her husband's niece. Then she gets coffee for breakfast, ice cream for dessert and remembers stamps to mail the bills. And don't forget soap for the bathroom.And that is the difference between th

57、e female and male brains simply explained in a grocery store. Generally speaking ， men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Doing many things at one time is often called“-tamsuklitnig ” , a very popular word these days.Now scientific research supports this theory about male and female brains. A recent study has confirmed what we have known all along men and women think differently.Scientist at the university of Pennsylvania studied brain images of 949 people agedfrom 8 to 22 years old. They fou