初中英语句子种类讲解ppt课件

1、英语句子种类英语句子种类按句子的构造分为三种按句子的构造分为三种:简单句简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)(一一).简单句简单句: 只需一个主语只需一个主语(或并列主语或并列主语) 和和 一个谓语一个谓语(或并列谓语或并列谓语): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.简单句的简单句的五种根本

2、句型五种根本句型1. _ It is getting warmer and warmer. He looks pretty happy today. 高考经常调查的系动词高考经常调查的系动词: . “变得变得 _, _, _, _, _. . “看起来看起来_,_,_ “闻起来闻起来 _ “尝起来尝起来 _ “摸起来摸起来 _ “听起来听起来_ 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 (S+V+P) get becometurn go growlook seem appearsmelltastefeelsound系动词的用法系动词的用法: (留意三点留意三点) +_作表语作表语; 无无 _; 无无

3、_; e.g. The dish _. (尝起来好吃尝起来好吃) The story _. (听起来有趣听起来有趣).adj. 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态tastes delicioussounds interesting2. _ Our chalk has run out. On hearing the news, he cheered.高考经常调查的不及物动词或短高考经常调查的不及物动词或短语语: “发生发生 _; _; _ ; _ _ “用完用完,用光用光_; _. 不及物动词的用法不及物动词的用法: 无无 _, 无无_ 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 (S + V)happen occurtak

4、e place come aboutbreak outrun out give out 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态e.g. .“过去的几年里我们学校发过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化生了很大的变化 Our school has taken place great changes in the last few years. _ _. . Do you know what was happened yesterday? (改错改错)()Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years.3. _ We are h

5、aving an English class. Mr Wang will attend the lecture.4. _ I teach you English. He offered me his seat.5. _ We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. I heard them cheering in the next room. I saw the window broken. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 (S+V+O)主语主语+谓语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 (S+V+O1+O2)主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 (S+

6、V+O+C)请说出以下句子类型请说出以下句子类型:1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She knows French.5.The gas smells terrible.(二二)并列句并列句(compound sentence): 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号衔接起来，并列连词或分号衔接起来，那么成为一个并列句。那么成为一个并列句。常用并列连词常用并列连词 平行并列连词平行并列连词: 转机并列连词：转机并列连词： 因果并列连词因果并列连词: 选择并列连词选择并列

7、连词: and, both.and., not only. but also., neither. nor. but,while,yetfor, soor 请用适宜的并列连词把每组句子合并请用适宜的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went to bed.2.The dress is really beautiful. I cant afford it. He was tired, so he went to bed. The dress is really beautiful, but I cant afford it.3. Mary i

8、s cooking. John is greeting guests.Mary is cooking ,and / while John is greeting guests.4.He works hard. He also likes helping others.1. He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.2.Not only does he work hard but he also likes helping others.(三复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完好的句子(independent sentence),它

9、可以独立存在。从句是一个不完好的句子,它必需和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.By the time he arrived, 1we had already left. 2请指出该复合句的主句和从句请指出该复合句的主句和从句:从句从句主句主句在复合句中，主要包含以下在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：类型从句： 1._ 2._ 3._ 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句指出以下各从句的类型：指出以下各从句的类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was read

10、ing the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句vIt is well-known that the 2021 Olympic Games will be held on August 8th.vAs is known to all, the 2021 Olympic Games will be held in about four months.主语从句主语从句定语从定语从句句I want to live in a place where the a

11、ir is fresh.I want to live where the air is fresh.定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句请把句子衔接为一个含有状语从句复合请把句子衔接为一个含有状语从句复合句。句。 Ill give the letter to him .I see him. (时间状语从句时间状语从句) vIll give the letter to him when I see him. as soon as the moment the minute immediately It is such a big box .Nobody can move it. (结果状语从句结果状

12、语从句)It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Such a big box is it that nobody can move it.It is so big a box that nobody can move it.The dress is beautiful. I cant afford it. (退让状语从句退让状语从句)Although /Though the dress is beautiful, I cant afford it. 按运用目的可分为陈按运用目的可分为陈说句、疑问句、祈使句和说句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句。感慨句。

13、1 陈说句陈说句Declarative Sentences：阐明一个现：阐明一个现实或陈说一种看法。实或陈说一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度光比声速度快。阐明现实快。阐明现实The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。这部电影很乏味。阐明看法阐明看法l2 疑问句Interrogative Sentences：提出问题。有以下四种： a.普通疑问句General Questions： Can you finish the work in time? 他能按时完成任务吗？ b.特殊疑问句W Questions; H Qu

14、estions： Where do you live?他住那儿？ How do you know that? 他怎样知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句Alternative Questions： Do you want tea or coffee? 他是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions： He doesnt know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？3 祈使句Imperative Sentences：提出恳求，建议或发出命令，例如：Sit down, please.请坐。Dont be nervous!别紧张！4 感慨句Exclamatory Sentenc

15、es：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等心情，例如： What good news it is!多好的音讯啊！祈使句构造祈使句构造 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，恳求，劝告等。祈使句用以表达命令，要求，恳求，劝告等。1 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子语的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful.否认构造：否认构造：Dont move.Dont be late.2 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句a. Lets 包括说话者

16、Lets have another try，shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try?b.Let us 不包括说话者 Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try?否认构造：Lets not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter.感慨句构造感慨句构造 感慨句通常有感慨句通常有what, how引导，表示赞誉、惊引导，表示赞誉、惊叹、喜叹、喜 悦、等感

17、情。悦、等感情。what修饰名词，修饰名词，how 修饰描画词，副词或动修饰描画词，副词或动词，感慨句构造主要有以下几种：词，感慨句构造主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感慨句的重点。掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感慨句的重点。How +描画词描画词+ a +名词名词+陈说语序陈说语序How+描画词或副词描画词或副词+陈说语序陈说语序What +名词名词+陈说语序陈说语序What+a+描画词描画词+名词名词+陈说语序陈说语序What+ 描画词描画词+复数名词复数名词+ 陈说语序陈说语序What+ 描画词描画词+不可数名词不可数名词+ 陈说语序陈说语序How clever a boy he is!H

18、ow lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!感慨句的省略方式为：What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!What a clever boy (he is)! 典型例题1_ food youve cooked! A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice2_terrible weather weve been having these days!A. What B.

19、What aC. How D. How a3) - _ I had!- You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time强调句构造强调句构造 常考的强调句构造是常考的强调句构造是it 引导的句子。引导的句子。 It is (was) 被强调部分被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他句子其他部分。部分。 此构造强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。此构造强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It

20、was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.1 It was last night _ I see the comet.A.the timeB.when C.thatD.which 2It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. thatB. when C. since D. as反意疑问句反意疑问句 1)陈说部分的主语是陈说部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your

21、 sister，arent I?2)陈说部分的谓语是陈说部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用，疑问部分要用may +主语。主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈说部分用陈说部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否认含义的词时，疑等否认含义的词时，疑问部分用一定含义。问部分用一定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants have never blown (开花开花), have they

22、 ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈说部分是一定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈说部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语didnt +主语。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈说部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, di

23、dnt he? / usednt he?7)陈说部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈说部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈说部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈说部分有must 的疑

24、问句，疑问部分根据实践情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it?11) 感慨句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it? 12)陈说部分由neither nor, either

25、 or 衔接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实践逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈说部分主语是指示代词或指物的不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈说部分为主从复合句或并列句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列句疑问部分，谓语动词根据临近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to for several times, and he should have been in China now, sho

26、uldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she? 15) 陈说部分主语

27、是指人的不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (doesnt he)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?.)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑

28、问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。前肯后可肯可否，前否后只能肯Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?留意Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we/shant we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you/wont you?18)陈说部分是there be构造的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with

29、 your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否认前缀不能视为否认词，其反意疑问句仍用否认方式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 倒装句之全部倒装倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此构造通常只用与普通如今时和普经语之前。此构造通常只用与普通如今时和普经过去时。过去时。1) here, there, now, then, thus等

30、副词置于句首等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.留意：上述全部倒装的句型构造的主语必需是留意：上述全部倒装的句型构造的主语必需是名词，假设主语是人称代词那么不能完

31、全倒装。名词，假设主语是人称代词那么不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。假设句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，那主语之前。假设句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，那么需添加助动词么需添加助动词do, does或或did，并将其置于主语之前。，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否认或半否认的词语，如句首为否认或半否认的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in

32、 no way, not until 等。等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。留意：留意： 如否认词不在句首不倒装。如否认词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mothe

33、r didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题1)Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否认词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装构造。 这些否认词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, n

34、ot until等。此题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2 Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know以否认词开头作部分倒装的构造还有：以否认词开头作部分倒装的构造还有： 如如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did

35、he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game be

36、gun答案D. 以具有否认意义的副词放在句首时，普通采用部分倒装句(助动前置)。这类表示否认意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。留意：只需当Not only but also衔接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装构造。假设置于句首的Not only but also仅衔接两个并列词语，不可用倒装构造。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. so,

37、neither, nor作部分倒装作部分倒装 表示表示“也、也、“也不也不 的句子要部分倒装。的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.典型例题典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also答案：答案：B. nor为增补意思为增补意思“也不关怀，因此句子应倒装

38、。也不关怀，因此句子应倒装。A错在用错在用 dont 再次否认，再次否认， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。缺乏连词。 留意：留意： 当当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证明或一引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证明或一定时，不可用倒装构造。意为定时，不可用倒装构造。意为确实如此确实如此。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -Its raining hard.-So it is.only在句首要倒装的情况在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only aft