英语专业近义词形近词辨析汇总

1、Distinguishing Synonyms &Words Similar in Pronunciation and Spelling Table of ContentsA2B8C10D16E20F22G23H24I25L26M27N30O30P31Q34R34S35T38U38V38W39Y40Aarrogant adj. 傲慢的，自大的 arrogate v. 妄取，擅取 e.g. to arrogate to oneself sth：I do not arrogate to myself the right to decide. 我不擅自决定。arid adj.干燥的，少雨的

2、e.g. The arid desert landscape 干燥的沙漠地区 acrid adj.刺激的，苛刻的，严格的 e.g. stinging, acrid petrol fumes 刺鼻辛辣的汽油味acid adj.酸的 e.g. Add more sugar if it tastes too acid. 如果味道太酸就多加些糖。acme: n.顶点, 极致 e.g. reach the acme of perfection十全十美, 尽善尽美acne: n.痤疮, 粉刺 e.g. acne rosacea酒糟鼻adversity n.逆境，不幸 e.g. We struggle on

3、 in the face of adversity. 面对逆境我们继续努力。 adverse adj. 不利的, 有害的 e.g. The drug has so far had no adverse effect on patients.这种药物迄今还没有对病人产生不良反应。averse adj. 不愿意的，反对的 e.g. My parents are adverse to our picnic plans; they dont approve it.advert v.注意 advent n出现 e.g. The advent of the Euro will redefine Europ

4、e.欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。adore: v.崇拜, 爱慕, (口语)喜爱 e.g. She adores mink coats.爱好貂皮大衣adorn 装饰 The walls were adorned with paintings. 墙上装饰了绘画.decorate:使美观：为增添美；装饰 e.g. Virtue adorned his mind(John Ford)为他思想增添光彩的美德(约翰·福特)adapt: vt.使适应, 改编 e.g. a species that has adapted well to winter climes.很适应冬天气候的物种adopt:

5、vt.采用, 收养 e.g. adopt a new technique.采用新技术; adopt a child收为养子affectation n.做作，虚假 e.g. The new secretary is sincere and without affectation.affection n.爱 e.g. His gentleness and kind ways increased his colleagues affection for him.alternate: adj.交替的, 轮流的, 预备的;v.交替, 轮流, 改变 e.g. showers alternating wit

6、h sunshine.时晴时雨; alternated between happiness and depression.时而快乐，时而沮丧alternation: n. 改变, 变化 They are making some alternations to the house. 他们在对这栋房子做些改动alternative: adj. 可供替代的: alternative method; 另类的: alternative lifestyle非传统生活方式 n. 可供选择的事物: We had no alternative but to fire him. 我们别无选择，只能辞退他。aggr

7、egation n.总计 congregation n.会众 allusion n. 暗指, 影射e.g. He made an allusion to some problems in his past.他间接提到了他过去的一些问题。 e.g: He resents any allusion to his baldness. illusion n. 幻觉e.g. We are under no illusion that this money will be enough.我们并没有抱着这些钱会够用的幻想。 delusion n.错觉 Eg: your hopes of promotion

8、are mere a delusion.elusion n.逃避altitude n.高度 e.g. Most balloons will burst at high altitude. 大多数气球在高空会爆炸。latitude n纬度 Formal自主行事的自由e.g. The plant grows best in cooler latitudes.该植物在较阴凉的地带生长最旺盛。He was allowed a lot of latitude in implementing company policy. 在贯彻执行公司的政策方面他或许拥有很大的自由空间。 gratitude n感激 e

9、.g. I felt I owed a debt of gratitude to my older teacher. 我非常感激我以前的老师。annual adj.一年一次的 e.g. My birthday party is the biggest annual event of my family.annul v.取消 e.g. The judges annulled the contract because one of the singers was too young.assent v.同意 ascent n.上升e.g. her rapid ascent in the world

10、of entertainment 她在娱乐界地位的迅速上升 accent n.口音 e.g. The kids all put on a phoney American accent. 这些小孩都操着一幅假冒的美国腔。antique: 用以形容古代留传下来的器物，因而如今十分宝贵 eg. antique furniture, silverarchaic: 已不通用的；古体的；陈旧的 eg. “Thou art” is an archaic form of “you are”. advise: 建议，劝告，意见。 eg. Let me advise you on technical matter

11、s.devise: 设计，发明，策划。eg. devise a scheme for redeveloping the city centreambiguous: 有不止一种意思的；有歧义的 eg. “Look at those pretty little girls dresses” is ambiguous because it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are pretty. ambitious: 野心勃勃的。 eg. He is ambitious of success in life.assert: 清楚而有力地表明某

12、事物为事实；声称；断言 eg. She asserted her innocence/that she was innocent.asset: 有价值的或有用的特性或技能。eg. Good health is a great asset.adapt: 使适合，使适应。eg. Long ago Eskimos learned how to adapt to the cold to live in the Arctic Region.adopt: 采用，采纳。eg. The club adopted a new set of rules concerning its membership.adep

13、t: 熟练的，内行的。eg. Shes adept at growing roses.appraise: 估价，评价。 eg. The couple appraised the house carefully before offering to buy it.apprise: 报告，通知。eg. The club members were immediately apprised of his charge of the plans.awkward: 指物体使用不便，或者指人略显尴尬的；缺乏技巧灵活性而显得笨拙的。eg. He seemed awkward at the dinner bec

14、ause he had never been to western restaurant. clumsy: 指人或动物固有的属性，修饰物体时，表示它显得笨重，指人或动物则表示行动笨拙迟钝。eg. A clumsy gorilla knocked the cup over.ahead: 一般用作方位副词，“在前面/头，提前”。一般与of连用。eg. He walked ahead. / He decided to fulfill the plan ahead of time.beforehand: 表示在某一事件发生之前，可用于各种时态。eg. You should tell me before

15、hand.previously: 以前，在前/先。一般用于过去的某一时间。eg. He had been there previously.alive: 活着，作表语。eg. Was the lion alive or dead?living: 活着的, 在使用的, 作定语, 放在名词之前。eg. living things 生物; a living language 现用语言accident: 意外事件。eg. He met with an accident in riding.incident: 小事件，事变。eg. Its just an ordinary incident.event:

16、 尤指重要事情; 公开活动; 比赛项目 eg. The 2008 Olympic Games is the main event of Beijing. acquire: 获得。eg. We should try to acquire good habits.inquire: 询问eg. She inquired of me most politely whether I wished to continue.require: 需要, 依靠; (尤指根据法律) 规定 eg. We require extra help.eg. He has done all that is required b

17、y the law.request: 正式或礼貌地要求, 请求 eg. Catalogues are available on request. 目录可以索取; He was there at the request of his manager. 他按经理的要求到了那里award: 奖品；奖状；奖金eg. She showed us the athletics awards she had won.reward: 报答；报偿eg. work without hope of reward He received a medal in reward for his bravery. anguis

18、h: 肉体的或精神的极度痛苦 eg. I was in anguish until I knew she was still alive.grief: 忧伤；悲伤eg. driven almost insane by grief over his death sorrow: 懊丧；悔恨eg. express sorrow for having done wrongwoe: 悲哀；悲痛；苦恼eg. She needed someone to listen to her tale of woe, ie the story of her misfortune.alone: 无伴；独自 eg. I d

19、ont like going out alone after dark. She lives all alone in that large house.lonely: 孤寂的；寂寞的 eg. I live all alone but I never feel lonely. Living in a big city can be very lonely.desolate: 无人烟的；荒凉的；荒芜的 eg. a desolate industrial landscape solitary: 单独的；独居的；独自的 eg. a solitary walk; lead a solitary lif

20、e; One solitary tree grew on the mountainside.ability: 通过学习教育达到做某事的能力。 eg. I do not doubt your ability to do the work. He has unusual ability in English.faculty: 在某方面的特殊能力。 eg. the faculty of sight the mental faculties, ie the power of reason be in possession of all ones faculties, ie be able to see

21、, hear, speak, understandcapacity: 容量，容积；能力，理解力；资格；性能。eg. The auditorium has a seating capacity of eight hundred. He has a great capacity for mathematics. He has a mind of great capacity.capability: 人智方面的潜在能力。 eg. He had no capability to deal with the matter.achieve: 为完成某事需克服困难。eg. All this can not

22、be achieved overnight.attain: 到达一目的或掌握某种大权。eg. attain a position of powerfulfill: 履行某事；使某事实现eg. fulfill a promise, prophecyaccurate: 精确的。eg. The figures are not accurate.exact: 确切的。eg. His translation is exact to the letter.precise: 准确的细节，明确的指示，精确的尺寸; 独特的。eg. It was found at the precise spot where s

23、he had left it. a precise record of eventsamplify: 扩大（范围、效果）。 eg. amplify the sound, electric current, signalmagnify: 用放大镜或显微镜放大某物; 夸大某事物。eg. bacteria magnified to 1000 times their actual size; magnify the dangers, risks, uncertaintiesenlarge: 变大，扩大，增大。eg. I want to enlarge the lawn. The police had

24、the photograph of the missing girl enlarged.affect: 影响（常指不好的影响）。eg. The tax increases have affected us all. The change in climate may affect your health.effect: 效应，结果，后果。eg. Did the medicine have a good effect? The film had quite an effect on her. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effec

25、t.allegiance: 忠诚，拥护.He has given his allegiance to the nation.allegation：（无证据的）说法、指控 to investigate an allegationadolescent:青少年的senescent:年迈的announce:提前预告.The dark clouds announced nounce:正式由官方宣布.The judge pronounced a sentence of 3 years on him.denounce: 谴责, 指责 The project was denounced as

26、a scandalous waste of public money.attain:达到，实现.He attained his pilots licence.attaint:发作，侵袭.The plague has attainted the small village.arise: 发生，产生.A new problem has arisen.rise：上升, 不及物. The sun rises. 名词, 涨工资: pay riseraise: 提升, 提高, 增加; 筹集; 提问 raise ones eyes/prices/money/questionsattentive:专心的.Sh

27、e is attentive to what she is dong.tentative: 暂定的; make a tentative outline of the thesis 为论文定一个初步的提纲attendant: 伴随的.the attendant problemsapprehension:畏惧 be under some apprehensions about prehension：理解 achieve a better comprehensionabroad adv.国外 There are letters for abroad. aboard adv.登上（船，飞

28、机等）He came aboard of my ship.advent n.来到，来临 With the advent of the new boss, the company began prosper.adventure n.冒险，奇遇He had a life full of adventure.adverse adj.不利的，敌对的，有害的 adverse winds, weather, conditionsaverse adj.反对的，讨厌的(+to) He seems to be averse to hard work.affection n. 好意，喜爱 The presiden

29、t was held in great affection.affectation n.做作 His little affectations irritated her.afflict v.折磨 Severe drought has afflicted the countryside.inflict v.使遭受（打击）；硬要某人接待自己 My uncle inflicted himself on us.alliance n.同盟，联姻 States seek to become stronger through alliance.allegiance n忠诚 The knights swore

30、 allegiance to the Queen.alter v.改变 I didnt recognize her because she has altered so much.altar n.祭坛 To let sb to the altar (俚)与某人结婚allude v暗指，影响 The man alluded to certain developments in his speech.elude v.逃避，记不起 I recognize her face, but her name eludes me.artillery n. 大炮 The building was destroy

31、ed by an artillery.artery n. 动脉 Artery is a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body. adapt v.适应 Novels are often adapted for movies.adopt v.采用 The committee ultimately adapted the suggestion.adept n.内行 He is an adept in all the tricks of his trade.ascent n.上升，向上的路或斜坡 The last part

32、 of the ascent is very steep.assent n/v.同意，赞同 The new bill passed by Parliament has received the assent.ascend v.逐渐上升，攀登 We watched the mists ascending from the valley below.assure v.保证 They were assured that everything possible was being done.ensure v.使确定 That book ensured his success.insure v保险 He

33、 insured his house against fire.annual: adj.一年一次的 eg: My birthday party is the biggest annual event of my family.annul：v.取消，宣布作废eg: the judge annul the contract because one of the singers was too young.assoil: v.赦免。Eg: the emperor assoiled the senates sin after he learned the truth. assail: v.攻击。Eg:

34、 the assassinator intended to assail the chairman from his back but failed.acorn: n. 橡果，橡树果。adorn: v/n.装饰，佩带； 使生色。 The dancer was adorned with flowers.allude: v.暗指allure: v/n.吸引力 Many settlers were allured by promises of easy wealth. anesthetic: n.麻醉剂aesthetic: n.美学的axle: 轴 the back axle is broken.

35、axiom: 公理adobe: 土坯。abode: 房屋。 Welcome to our humble abode.attest: 证明。Eg: her outstanding abilities were attested by her rapid promotion. detest: 讨厌。Eg: I detest people complaining.amend: 修正，改正。Eg: you must amend your behaviors. emend: 校正。Eg: emend a passage in a book. addle: 使糊涂，变腐坏。腐败的，糊涂的。Eg: my b

36、rain feels addled. paddle: 桨，桨状物(n.)。划船(v)。Eg: we paddled the canoe slowly up the stream.saddle: 鞍，鞍状物，自行车座(n)。使负担(v)。Eg: Ive been saddled with the job of organizing the conference. waddle: 蹒跚（而行）eg: a short plump woman came waddling along the pavement. artificial人工的 an artificial limbartistic具有艺术性的

37、 an artistic successappreciative感激的 an appreciative audienceappreciable 可估计的，可感觉的Military leaders have seen no appreciable change in the situation.alternative两者选一的 Jones book details alternative ways of coping with stress.alterable 可改变的Alterable conditions of employment.attribute把归于 We tend to attri

38、bute a childs problems to the parent.contribute贡献 Volunteers contribute about 16000 hours of work each year to the city.distribute 分配The Red Cross is distributing food and clothing to the refugees.Bbarely仅仅，勉强 The room was furnished barelyscarcely几乎不Weve seen scarcely a drop of rain for over six mon

39、th.boundary边界, 分界线常指由自然条件如山脉形成的天然边界线border边界, 国界, 边, 边沿, 边境frontier国境, 边疆, 边境多指属于本国一侧的边缘batten: n.板条, 木条(铺室内地面的);船舱周框的压条e.g. slumlords who batten on the poor.破屋的房东专以损害穷人的利益而中饱私囊batter: n.击球手;v.打坏, 猛击 e.g. A house battered by a hurricane; 被台风吹毁的房子Beaten: adj. Worn by continuous use; familiar and much

40、 traveled:耗损的，常走的：被连续使用而损坏的；常走的，久经践踏的e.g.：a village located well off the beaten path.一个远离大路的小村庄; beaten gold.金箔beater: n.搅拌器 e.g. icing beater(制糖)冰糖搅拌机; cream beater奶油搅打器;油膏调匀机, 乳浆调和机; 糖霜搅打机beside: 在旁边；与相比e.g. My painting looks childish beside yours.我的画与你的相比显得很幼稚.besides: 除之外；而且，再说e.g. We have lots

41、of things in common besides music. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。bewilder: vt.使迷惑, 使不知所措, 使昏乱e.g. The twists and turns in the cave soon bewildered us.蜿蜒弯曲的洞穴使我们很快失去了方向wilderness: n.荒野, 茫茫一片, 大量, 荒地 e.g. the wilderness of the city; the wilderness of counterespionage; a wilderness of voices.城市令人困惑不解的地方；反间谍的复杂状况；声音噪乱

42、 ban: 官方法律命令禁止。eg. There is a ban on smoking in museum.forbid: 普通的阻止。eg. The doctor forbids him to smoke.bewilder: 迷惑某人，混乱。eg. The child was bewildered by the noise and the crowds.confuse: 把某人弄糊涂；使为难。eg. They confused me by asking so many questions.puzzle: 让某人动脑筋，使困惑。eg. I am puzzled by his failure

43、to reply. He puzzled his brains to find the answer.perplex: 使某人糊涂或迷惑。eg. The whole affair is very perplexing.block: 指阻塞出路、通道或出口。 eg. A polyglot of diagnostic labels and systems will effectively block communication and the collection of medical statistics.hinder: 词义较温和，指拖延、阻碍行动开始或发展。eg. Her mothers s

44、udden illness hindered her from going to the seaside.obstruct: 通常指在途中设置障碍自由通畅的道路，词义较强。eg. The lecture was obstructed by constant noise outside the auditorium.brute: adj. 蛮干的, 不动脑筋的 brute force暴力, brute strength蛮劲; 赤裸裸的: brute factsbrutal: 残暴的, 兽性的 abrutal murder / killing / rape burden: 主要指精神上的负担、重负

45、。eg. Most women have the double burden of family and work at the same time.load: 是一般用法，通常指具有一定分量的装载物，又可引申为精神负担。eg. Do you have a heavy course load this term.baisc: 基础/本的，根本的：at the bottom; 也有重要之意：important, 常和fundamental互相代用，但在形容有形的基础时，更多用basic.eg. the basic stone of pillar the basic grammar of Engl

46、ishfundamental: 主要形容无形的基础，非物质的事物，即抽象概念。eg. the fundamental rules of poetry the fundamental change in his attitude of life the fundamental argumentradical: 有关事物的根本或起源eg. radical formula; a radical principlebogus adj.假的 Their company is bogus.bonus n. 红利奖金 The company repaid her work with a bonus.betr

47、ay v. 出卖 He betrayed his party.stray n. 浪子 v. 迷路，彷徨 Dont stray away from the point.portray v. 描写 The book portrays the life of an actor.bandage: n.绷带eg: the doctor tied up the patients broken ankle with a bandage. bondage：n/v奴役，囚禁eg: they seem to love bondage more than liberty. breach: 违反Eg: sue sb.

48、 for breach of contract. （控告某人违反合同）bleach: 漂白Eg: Soak shirts in bleach to remove the stains.badge: 徽章。Eg: the badge is the greatest glory of the general.badger: 獾。below: 在下面。Eg: You can cross the river a short distance below the waterfall.bellow: 怒吼。 E.g. The music was so loud we had to bellow at ea

49、ch other to be heard. bunk: 铺位。逃走（动词）Eg: the cashier has done a bunk with the days takings.dunk: 泡，浸。Eg: dunk biscuit in ones coffee.Ccanvas n.帆布 e.g. Canvas bags are durable.帆布袋很耐用。canvass v.拉选票 e.g. Ive been out for canvassing for the Labor Party every evening this week. chat 聊天chatter 喋喋不休地谈; (牙)

50、 打颤chromatic: adj.彩色的e.g. chromatic difference色差;chromatic printing套色版, 套色印刷；chromatic scale半音音阶somatic: adj.肉体的 e.g. somatic anthropology人体学chuckle: n.吃吃的笑声vi.吃吃的笑, 咯咯叫 chortle: vi.咯咯笑n.得意的高笑 e.g. chortle about英俚对.表示高兴;chortle over英俚对.表示高兴compliment 赞美 e.g. Its the nicest compliment I've ever h

51、ad.这是我听到的最好的恭维话。complement 补充，附加物e.g. Homework is a necessary complement to classroom study.家庭作业是课堂教学的必要补充。congenial adj.意气相投的(+to) 协调的,一致的e.g. congenial tastes相同的爱好I met few people congenial to me in that city.我在那个城市没有遇到几个意气相投的。congenital adj.先天的，天生的 We are sorry for his congenital defect.consent v

52、. 同意 e.g. The childs parents would not consent to the treatment.孩子的家长们不会同意这个治疗方案。content adj. 满意的 e.g. He is content to live quietly by himself他乐于独自安静的居住。.contend v. 竞争，据理力争 e.g. Several teams are contending for the prize.cornflower n.矢车菊 corn flour n.玉米面，米粉crumble v.弄碎 e.g. She crumbled an empty sn

53、ail shell in her fingers.她用手指捏碎了一个空蜗牛壳。crumple v. 弄皱e.g. Some kinds of material crumple more easily than others.有些衣料比另一些衣料容易起皱。cheerful: 强烈兴奋情绪的自然流露，温和恬静的性情所产生的结果。eg. He is cheerful in spite of his difficult situation.joyous: 强调具有快乐的气氛，或能给他人带来快乐的，使他人受到快乐情绪感染的特征。eg. a joyous family a joyous songlight

54、hearted: 侧重没有烦恼，活泼、兴高采烈，又年少无忧、悠闲自得的含义。eg. He appeared lighthearted and whistled as he walked.clutch: 急忙抓住某人某物。eg. He clutched the rope se threw to him.crutch: 拐杖; 提供帮助或支持的人或事物。eg. He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence.cruel: 残忍的，残酷的。eg. The step mother was cruel to the girl and her brother.crude: 粗俗的，天然的。eg. He made some cru