新编英语教程6 Unit 3 西工大

1、Unit Three Text I Walls and Barriers墙与屏障墙与屏障Pre-Class workI. Pre-reading Questions 1. The Great Wall of China was first built following the unification of China by the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty in 221B.C. It was renovated and rebuilt in succeeding dynasties. In its present form, it substantia

2、lly dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). It stretches from Gansu Province to Shanhaiguan, Hebei, winding continuously across northern China and totaling 6,700 kilometers in length. The wall was erected to protect China from northern tribes.2. A wall is defined as a continuous and usually vertica

3、l and solid structure of stones, bricks, concrete, etc., serving to enclose or protect or divide off town, house, room, field, etc.A barrier is defined as a material object that serves as an obstruction or an obstacle to prevent communication or to check (e.g., the advance of an enemy).In the old da

4、ys, walls were erected as barriers against danger from without, and the Great Wall of China can serve as a typical example of this. Most walls in China function as barriers.II. Dictionary Work1. tangible (l. 8): adj. substantially real; material 确实确实 的；的；有形的有形的e.g. tangible evidence 确凿的证据确凿的证据2. cus

5、tom (l. 10): n. business patronage; the fact of a person or people buying goods or services at a shop/store or business (顾客对商店的）惠顾，光顾顾客对商店的）惠顾，光顾 e.g. Thank you for your custom. Please call again.3. impregnable (l. 12): adj. unassailable, unattackable; sturdy 无法攻取的；不能征服的无法攻取的；不能征服的rel. invincible; i

6、nvulnerable 4. credit (l. 17): n. trust in a persons ability and intention to pay at a later time for goods, etc. supplied 信用信用e.g. You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good. 5. dash (l. 20): n. vigor in style and action; here means enthusiasm 精力精力, 干劲干劲6. flair (l. 20): n.

7、ingenuity and vitality 才能才能, 本领本领 7. invulnerability (l. 26): n. freedom from harm or attack 不会受伤害不会受伤害8. composition (l. 31): n. arrangement into proper proportion or relation and especially into artistic form 布局布局9. illusory (l. 38): deceptive幻影的幻影的, 错觉的错觉的, 虚假的虚假的rel. fanciful 10. preclude (l. 39

8、): make impossible 预防预防; 排除排除e.g. Modesty precludes me from accepting the honor. 谦逊阻止我接受这一荣誉谦逊阻止我接受这一荣誉 III. Library WorkThe following are illustrations of modern architecture.1) “Lever House (completed 1952), New York City. “The Lever House in New York City is 24 stories of shining glass and stainl

9、ess steel.” 利华大厦利华大厦(Lever House)(Lever House)：世界上第一座玻璃幕墙高：世界上第一座玻璃幕墙高层建筑，层建筑，1951-19521951-1952年在纽约建立年在纽约建立, ,由由SOMSOM建筑设计事建筑设计事务所设计。作为纽约利华公司的办公大厦，共务所设计。作为纽约利华公司的办公大厦，共2424层，层，上部上部2222层为板式建筑，下部层为板式建筑，下部2 2层呈正方形基座形式，层呈正方形基座形式，全部用浅蓝色玻璃幕墙全部用浅蓝色玻璃幕墙. .该建筑获得该建筑获得19801980年美国年美国2525年年奖奖 。开创了全玻璃幕墙。开创了全玻璃幕墙

10、“板式板式”高层建筑的新手法，高层建筑的新手法，成为当代风行一时的样板。成为当代风行一时的样板。 2) “Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany, has a steel-frame and concrete interior that permits building a glass-wall exterior for light and openness.” 19251925年，德国着名建筑大师格罗皮乌斯在德国魏玛设年，德国着名建筑大师格罗皮乌斯在德国魏玛设立的立的 公立包豪斯学校公立包豪斯学校 迁往德绍，迁往德绍，4 4月月1 1日在德国德绍日在德国德绍正式开学。包豪斯是德语正

11、式开学。包豪斯是德语BauhausBauhaus的译音，由德语的译音，由德语HausbauHausbau（房屋建筑）一词倒置而成。以包豪斯为基（房屋建筑）一词倒置而成。以包豪斯为基地，地，2020世纪世纪2020年代形成了现代建筑中的一个重要派别年代形成了现代建筑中的一个重要派别现代主义建筑，主张适应现代大工业生产和生活现代主义建筑，主张适应现代大工业生产和生活需要，以讲求建筑功能、技术和经济效益为特征的学需要，以讲求建筑功能、技术和经济效益为特征的学派。包豪斯一词又指这个学派。派。包豪斯一词又指这个学派。3) “The Seagram Building, New York City, 195

12、6-1958, functionalism and elegance of design expressed in steel frame and curtain-wall construction.” 位于位于美国美国纽约市中心的西格拉姆大厦建于纽约市中心的西格拉姆大厦建于1954195419581958年，共年，共3838层，高层，高158158米，总投资米，总投资4 4亿美元，设计者是亿美元，设计者是著名建筑师著名建筑师密斯密斯凡凡德德罗罗和和菲利普菲利普约翰逊约翰逊。大厦的设。大厦的设计风格体现了密斯计风格体现了密斯凡凡德德罗一贯的主张，那就是基于对罗一贯的主张，那就是基于对框架结构的

13、深刻解读，发展出一种强有力的建筑美学。框架结构的深刻解读，发展出一种强有力的建筑美学。那就是用简化的结构体系，精简的结构构件，讲究的结那就是用简化的结构体系，精简的结构构件，讲究的结构逻辑表现，使之产生没有屏障可供自由划分的大空间，构逻辑表现，使之产生没有屏障可供自由划分的大空间，完美演绎完美演绎“少即是多少即是多”的建筑原理。在西格拉姆大厦设的建筑原理。在西格拉姆大厦设计中，试图传达出高层设计的精髓。大厦经常被冠以理计中，试图传达出高层设计的精髓。大厦经常被冠以理性和无特色的，实际却在其场地性和广泛性上萦绕着一性和无特色的，实际却在其场地性和广泛性上萦绕着一种含糊感。种含糊感。 Outlin

14、es of the textSection 1: Old and new attitudes towards bank and money (para. 1-5) Old attitude:Modern architecture: unnervingMoney: tangible commodityNew attitude :Money: credit and bookkeeping-banking matterBank: service and window displayOlder bank: invulnerabilityModern bank: imaginative power Se

15、ction 2: Walls express mens attitude towards the world (para. 6-10)In a primitive society: safety was relied on walls and barriersThe world: large, fearsome, beyond controlThe question of privacy: some Mediterranean culturesIn todays society: safety is in the hand of law and social practiceThe heavy

16、 walls are outdatedPeople dont cherish privacy that muchSection 3: Conclusion Architectures reflect mens attitude towards the world Language points:Paragraph 11. Q：Why does Raskin begins his essay by quoting his father?A：Here his father is made to represent the earlier generation and his voice is a

17、voice from the past. Raskins is a voice of the present. He begins by quoting his father and then proceeds to contrast the old views with the modern ones. Raskin skillfully employs “comparisons and contrasts” to make acceptable his position that architecture reveals the way we think about our relatio

18、n to the outside world, which is the topic of the essay.Paragraph 22. Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old schoolof his concept of the nature of money. (L 4-7)unnerving: upsetting, frighteninge.g. The childs stay in the summer camp turned out to be an unnerving experience.unnerve (v.): mak

19、e sb. lose courage or confidencee.g. His negative comments on my essay unnerved me.Paraphrase: Brought up in the old tradition, my father is naturally not prepared to accept the idea of modern architecture; his objection to it, I would assume, indeed I should say I am pretty sure, is not a result of

20、 his strong dislike of the physical building itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards money. not so much as e.g. Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work. 与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。 The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如

21、说是统一这个世界。与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如说是统一这个世界。 The knight is not so much brave as reckless. 那位武士与其说是英勇，还不如说是有勇无谋。那位武士与其说是英勇，还不如说是有勇无谋。 第一、二段课文译文第一、二段课文译文 我父亲立即对位于纽约市第我父亲立即对位于纽约市第43大街和第大街和第5大道大道交汇处的银行大楼作出了明确反应：交汇处的银行大楼作出了明确反应：“你不会看到你不会看到我把钱存在那儿的！我把钱存在那儿的！” 他断言，他断言，“不会存在那个玻不会存在那个玻璃箱子里的！璃箱子里的！” 我的父亲当然是一名守旧的绅士，对他们那代

22、我的父亲当然是一名守旧的绅士，对他们那代人来说，大量现代的建筑都会让人身心交疲。但是人来说，大量现代的建筑都会让人身心交疲。但是我怀疑我怀疑我不只是怀疑，我确信我不只是怀疑，我确信他之所以做他之所以做出消极反应，与其说是因为建筑物，倒不如说是人出消极反应，与其说是因为建筑物，倒不如说是人们侵犯了他对金钱本质的看法。们侵犯了他对金钱本质的看法。Paragraph 33. a tangible commodity (L 8): a material thing, a substantial object tangible: e.g. the tangible benefits of the pla

23、n 该项计划带来的实际益处该项计划带来的实际益处 tangible property 有形财产有形财产4. to affirm the fact (L 11): to state/assert the fact strongly and publiclyaffirm: declare (usu. in answer to a question or doubt)e.g. The Deans Office affirmed that there would be a special teachers training course in summer.5. If a buildings desi

24、gn made it appear impregnable, the institution was , rather than in any aesthetic theory. (L 11-14) impregnable: unable to be broken into; (fig.) unable to be defeatede.g. They felt very safe staying behind the walls. It was his belief that “Honesty is the best policy”.6. dwell on (= think about; br

25、ood about); dwell in (L 13)e.g. If you dwell on/upon something, you think, speak or write about it a great deal. If you dwell in a place, you live there. If you dwell in a feeling or an attitude, you possess it. e.g. The principal dwelt on traffic safety in his speech. They have dwelt in Paris for o

26、ver 20 years. The old lady often dwelt in a strange feeling that everything is in mess. Paraphrase: If the building was made to look sturdy/invincible, it would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value, but by their se

27、eming ability to provide a safe location for money. 第三段课文译文第三段课文译文 他们那一代人把金钱看成是像金条、钞票和硬币他们那一代人把金钱看成是像金条、钞票和硬币这样有形的物品，可以拿起，可以携带，也可以被人这样有形的物品，可以拿起，可以携带，也可以被人偷走。为了吸引明智的人经常存钱，银行必须要建有偷走。为了吸引明智的人经常存钱，银行必须要建有厚重的墙壁、装了栅栏的窗户和青铜制成的大门，以厚重的墙壁、装了栅栏的窗户和青铜制成的大门，以便证明金钱存在银行里面是安全的这一情况，而不管便证明金钱存在银行里面是安全的这一情况，而不管这个情况多么不

28、真实。如果一座大楼的设计在表面上这个情况多么不真实。如果一座大楼的设计在表面上看起来固若金汤，那么这一机构必然安全。厚重的墙看起来固若金汤，那么这一机构必然安全。厚重的墙壁作为一种建筑象征，其意义就在于它表示了人们对壁作为一种建筑象征，其意义就在于它表示了人们对金钱的普遍态度，而不在于它在美学理论上展现出来金钱的普遍态度，而不在于它在美学理论上展现出来的美感。的美感。Paragraph 47. deficit economy the economic policy of stimulating the economy by government spending in excess of re

29、venue (income) by borrowing to finance the resultant deficit (shortage) 赤字财政赤字财政8. dash (=flair) (Line 20)dash is a mixture of stylishness, enthusiasm and courage; an old-fashioned use 闯劲，勇猛闯劲，勇猛 e.g. He rides with a certain amount of dash. The general had both skill and dash. 这位将军智勇双全。这位将军智勇双全。 All

30、 his activities showed the same dash and spirit. 他的一切活动都表现出同样的干劲和气魄。他的一切活动都表现出同样的干劲和气魄。9. flair (= talent) natural ability to do some special thing 天赋，资质；特别的才能（本领，诀窍）天赋，资质；特别的才能（本领，诀窍）If you have flair or a flair for doing a particular thing, you have a natural ability to do it well.e.g. It is appar

31、ent to all that he has a flair for writing. Wilson was impressed by his political flair. He has flair, which his boss needs desperately. 10. witness (L 21): v. see an event take placee.g. He was one of the few people who witnessed the founding ceremony of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949.witnes

32、s: n. a person who sees an event happene.g. a witness to the accident He is one of the few witnesses of the founding ceremony of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949. 11. heartily (L 23): completely and absolutely in this contexte.g. Im heartily tired of this kind of TV show.Usually, heartily means

33、 “in a cheerful way.”e.g. Seeing his daughter perform so well on the stage, he laughed heartily.12. challenge (L 24): defy, show no fear or no respect fore.g. Many local industries began to challenge overseas industries which used to be regarded as superior to the former.13. vault (L 24): n. usu. me

34、ans an arched structure or ceiling 拱顶拱顶; 穹状覆盖物穹状覆盖物here it means a room or compartment, often built of steel, for the safekeeping of valuablese.g. a bank vault 银行的金库银行的金库 14. set out (L 25) arrange the appearance of 规划，设计，规划，设计，布置布置e.g. He set out to understand why the plan had failed. (to begin, un

35、dertake) 他开始明白为什么计划失败了。他开始明白为什么计划失败了。 She set out at dawn for town. (to start a journey) 她日出时出发去镇上。她日出时出发去镇上。set sth. out: to arrange or display things; to present ideas, facts, etc.e.g. Well need to set out some chairs for the meeting. 我们需要为会议摆些椅子。我们需要为会议摆些椅子。 She set out the reasons for her resign

36、ation in a long letter. 她写了一封长信说明自己辞职的原因。她写了一封长信说明自己辞职的原因。 第四段课文译文第四段课文译文 但是那样一种看待金钱的态度当然已经改变了，除了但是那样一种看待金钱的态度当然已经改变了，除了零用钱之外，人们现在几乎不用任何形式的现金。金钱作零用钱之外，人们现在几乎不用任何形式的现金。金钱作为一种有形物品很大程度上被信用这种簿记银行业务的东为一种有形物品很大程度上被信用这种簿记银行业务的东西代替了。巨大的扩展伴随着经济赤字，让我们认为金钱西代替了。巨大的扩展伴随着经济赤字，让我们认为金钱是创造性想象的产物。银行家不再为我们提供一种服务，是创造性想

37、象的产物。银行家不再为我们提供一种服务，其中最为重要的东西就是干劲和发明巨大数目的创造力。其中最为重要的东西就是干劲和发明巨大数目的创造力。考虑到他们态度上的这一改变，我们正在见证拥有厚重墙考虑到他们态度上的这一改变，我们正在见证拥有厚重墙壁的银行消失也就根本不足为奇了。我父亲非常不信任制壁的银行消失也就根本不足为奇了。我父亲非常不信任制造商信托银行，因为它是一个巨大的立方体玻璃笼子，虽造商信托银行，因为它是一个巨大的立方体玻璃笼子，虽然其内部灯火通明，甚至可与郎朗晴日相媲美，但是它根然其内部灯火通明，甚至可与郎朗晴日相媲美，但是它根本就没有把其通往金库的门道隔离起来，也没有派人把守，本就没有

38、把其通往金库的门道隔离起来，也没有派人把守，相反却把它装饰成了一个展示的橱窗。相反却把它装饰成了一个展示的橱窗。Paragraph 515. the older bank asserted its invulnerability, this bank by its architecture boasts of its imaginative powers. (L 26-27)the traditional bank claimed that it could not be harmed or damaged by any means, this bank was proud of its im

39、aginative powers provided / stimulated by its architecture 16. boast (sth; of/about sth; + that-clause) (L 26)If you boast, you talk about something that you have done or something that you own in a way that shows you are proud or pleased about it, usually excessively proud or pleased.e.g. The villa

40、ge boasts three shops. 这个村庄以有三家商店而自豪。这个村庄以有三家商店而自豪。 Nobody should boast of his learning. He boasted that he could run very fast. He boasted himself (to be) an all-round man.17. where architecture ends and human assertion begins (L 27-28) where the bank building loses its meaning and man makes his cl

41、aims.18. One and the same: the very same完全一样的；用一完全一样的；用一个的个的e.g. One and the same idea occurred to each of them. 他们每一个人都产生同样的想法。他们每一个人都产生同样的想法。19. the new architectural criticism departs from classical aesthetics the new theory concerning architecture no longer follows the classical theory of beauty

42、.depart from: deviate from, turn away from (an accepted or traditional course of action)背离，违反背离，违反e.g. Entertainment today departs form the oldsters concept of entertainment in many ways.第五、六段课文译文第五、六段课文译文 就像先前的银行断言自己牢不可破一样，这家银行就像先前的银行断言自己牢不可破一样，这家银行也以其建筑具有想象力而感到自豪。从这一点来说，人也以其建筑具有想象力而感到自豪。从这一点来说，人们很

43、难说清楚建筑在什么地方结束，人类的断言从什么们很难说清楚建筑在什么地方结束，人类的断言从什么地方开始。事实上，两者没有这样的分界线，它们合二地方开始。事实上，两者没有这样的分界线，它们合二为一，是相同的。为一，是相同的。 新的建筑批判主义把建筑理解成为表达人类态度、新的建筑批判主义把建筑理解成为表达人类态度、偏见、禁忌和想法的一种媒介，这正是它与古典美学的偏见、禁忌和想法的一种媒介，这正是它与古典美学的不同之处。后者依赖纯粹的比例和布局等这些因素来作不同之处。后者依赖纯粹的比例和布局等这些因素来作为其艺术判断的基础。在一个社会学和心理学的时代，为其艺术判断的基础。在一个社会学和心理学的时代，墙

44、壁已不仅是墙壁，他们还是人类大脑当中障碍的一种墙壁已不仅是墙壁，他们还是人类大脑当中障碍的一种物质象征。物质象征。Paragraph 720. In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control. (L 34-35)People in a primitive society, for example, saw the world as an enormous planet full of fear, hatred and

45、 disorder.hostile (L 35): adj. feeling or showing enmity or ill will; antagonistic 敌对的敌对的, 敌方的敌方的e.g. hostile forces 敌对力量敌对力量 hostile acts 敌对行动敌对行动 hostile remark 充满敌意的话充满敌意的话 a hostile climate 恶劣气候恶劣气候rel. n. hostility: the state of being hostile; antagonism or enmityc.f. adj. hospitable: very frie

46、ndly n. hospitality 好客好客21. a delimited space (L 36): a space with its limits fixeddelimit (v.): determine the limits or boundaries of 定界定界限限, 划界划界e.g. The two countries signed an agreement that delimited the boundary line for the long-disputed area.c.f. limit (v.): keep within a certain amount, num

47、ber, size e.g. The young couple are careful in limiting their expense to what they can afford.22. illusory (= vain) (L 38)虚假的，不可靠的，不实际的虚假的，不可靠的，不实际的Something that is illusory seems to be true or possible, but is false or impossible in reality. e.g. He has illusory hopes that he would soon find a new

48、 job. bask in illusory and temporary security 陶醉在虚假而短暂的安全感之中陶醉在虚假而短暂的安全感之中 We now see how fruitless and illusory these missions were.preclude (L 39): prevent from happening; make impossiblee.g. What he said seemed to preclude all possibilities of drawing up an ideal plan.23. in the first place (L 41

49、): used at the end of a sentence to talk about why sth. was done or whether it should have been done or not当初；首先；究竟当初；首先；究竟e.g. I still dont understand why you chose that name in the first place. 我仍然不明白你究竟为什么取了这么个名字。我仍然不明白你究竟为什么取了这么个名字。 I should never have taken that job in the first place. 我一开始就不该接

50、受那份工作。我一开始就不该接受那份工作。 第七段课文译文第七段课文译文 例如，在原始社会，人们把世界想象成为一个巨大例如，在原始社会，人们把世界想象成为一个巨大无边、令人恐惧、怀有恶意、人类无法控制的东西。因无边、令人恐惧、怀有恶意、人类无法控制的东西。因此他们用巨大的石头建起了厚重的墙壁。只有呆在墙壁此他们用巨大的石头建起了厚重的墙壁。只有呆在墙壁的后面，他们才会感觉到自己置身于一个可以控制、安的后面，他们才会感觉到自己置身于一个可以控制、安全可靠的限定空间之内。这些厚重的墙壁表明，人们害全可靠的限定空间之内。这些厚重的墙壁表明，人们害怕外部的世界，不管保护措施是多么的虚无缥缈，人们怕外部的

51、世界，不管保护措施是多么的虚无缥缈，人们也需要找到它。有人可能会争辩说，当时的技术尚未发也需要找到它。有人可能会争辩说，当时的技术尚未发展起来，人们无法建筑更为精巧的墙壁。这当然也很正展起来，人们无法建筑更为精巧的墙壁。这当然也很正确，但是，首先仍然是对世界的害怕这一态度而非技术确，但是，首先仍然是对世界的害怕这一态度而非技术使得人们想要建筑墙壁。恐惧越大，墙壁就越厚。我们使得人们想要建筑墙壁。恐惧越大，墙壁就越厚。我们甚至发现，古代的国王的陵墓实际上全部都是由墙壁构甚至发现，古代的国王的陵墓实际上全部都是由墙壁构成的，其最大的恐惧就是害怕腐烂。成的，其最大的恐惧就是害怕腐烂。Paragrap

52、h 824. Para 7 is an expansion of Para 6, and it illustrates why “walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in mens minds”. “And then” (L 44) at the beginning of Para 8 bridges Para 7 and Para 8 and indicates that Para 8 is a continuation of the discussion of walls carried on in

53、 the preceding paragraph, but from another aspect. 25. pry (=snoop) (L 46)When someone pries, they try to find out about someone elses private affairs, or look at their personal possessions, often secretly.e.g. Look, Im not trying to pry. You dont have to tell me anything about that. So dont go pryi

54、ng into my affairs or youll get hurt.26. vile (=immoral; shameful) (L 46)If you say that someone or something is vile, you are saying that they are so disgusting that people are likely to be shocked or horrified by them, or you are emphasizing how unpleasant they are and how much you dislike them.e.

55、g. Would you be so vile as to steal a coat from a blind man? “Its just terrible. This food is vile!” said the lady angrily. 27. the prevalent conviction (L 49): the common belief at the timeprevalent: widespread in a particular area at a particular timee.g. The desire that children must get a decent

56、 education is prevalent among parents in our society today.conviction: a firmly held belief or opinione.g He works with the conviction that “He laughs best who laughs last.”28. by engaging in the intimate activities (L 50): by taking part in the private activitiesengage in: take part in; be involved

57、 ine.g. My brother engages in marketing research. 29. the rich intricacies of art for decoration the attractively fine and complicated details of the works of art for decoration30. contemplative philosophies most philosophies deal with speculation rather than facts, they cover the area of inquiry wh

58、ere no facts as such are available. So philosophies are said to be contemplative, speculative and introspective.31. areillustrative of this attitude (L 52): explain this attitudebe illustrative of: explaine.g. Her behavior is illustrative of her kindheartedness and generosity. 第八段课文译文第八段课文译文 接着就有了隐私

59、这个问题，因为它已经变得很易受接着就有了隐私这个问题，因为它已经变得很易受到质疑。在地中海的某些文化中，值得人们那么害怕的到质疑。在地中海的某些文化中，值得人们那么害怕的不是自然世界而是人类世界。人类肮脏龌龊、卑鄙下流、不是自然世界而是人类世界。人类肮脏龌龊、卑鄙下流、且充满危险、即使人们有钱四处走动也会穿戴着各种乱且充满危险、即使人们有钱四处走动也会穿戴着各种乱七八糟的东西用来护体，妇女很少四处走动，如果她们七八糟的东西用来护体，妇女很少四处走动，如果她们想要走动一下的话，也会带着厚厚的面纱。人们的房子想要走动一下的话，也会带着厚厚的面纱。人们的房子四周围着墙壁，房子不是向外面而是向里面朝着

60、天井，四周围着墙壁，房子不是向外面而是向里面朝着天井，这表明人们普遍相信，只有通过从事个人的私人生活而这表明人们普遍相信，只有通过从事个人的私人生活而不是参加公众生活才能发现生活中的优点和价值。当时不是参加公众生活才能发现生活中的优点和价值。当时的哲学家强调沉思冥想，装饰艺术也非常的复杂，这跟的哲学家强调沉思冥想，装饰艺术也非常的复杂，这跟墙壁本身一样也阐明了上述态度。墙壁本身一样也阐明了上述态度。Paragraph 932. flick (L 58): to touch or hit lightly and quickly 轻打，轻打，轻拍，轻弹轻拍，轻弹e.g. a flick of th