最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案50

1、最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案50一、高中英语阅读理解1 . (2019?浙江)阅读理解California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square

2、miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern Califor

3、nia the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with sma

4、ll trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutti

5、ng or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such thing

6、s as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water suppl

7、y available to trees during the dry season.(1) What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.(

8、2) Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.(3) What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry sea

9、son.C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness of the air.(4) What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More B

10、ig Trees in California【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） D（ 3） C（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20 世纪 30 年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。（ 1 ）段落大意题。第二段第一句The number of trees larger than two feet across has declinedby 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句，意思是：在4.6 万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2 英尺的树木的

11、数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。（ 2）细节理解题。题干中的well-intentioned 意为 “好意的 ”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。（ 3）细节理解题。将 water shortage 定位在第五段，而Mclntyre 在最后一段，根据thebiggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising te

12、mperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。（ 4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。2 阅读理解Triple Olympic and world sprint（ 短跑 ） champi

13、on Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skep

14、tical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）.I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it, Bolt said.Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman Asafa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests.We just (have to) continue to run fast, B

15、olt said. In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts.Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last years Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay

16、title in a World Championships treble.I want to be a legend in the sport. For me its all a focus on winning championships after championships, Bolt said.I dont consider myself a legend. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend.Bolts defending of World and Olympic gold should be the fe

17、ature attraction of the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics.(1) Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football?A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics.B. Because he wants to show his fast feats.C. Because he is doub

18、ted by some people. D. Because he runs fastest in the world.(2) How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?A. three times.B. four times.C. five times.D. eight times.(3) What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts.B. Usain Bolt is doub

19、ted for his athletics.C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month.D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport.(4) The passage can be read.A. on TVB. on the InternetC. in a bookD. in a newspaper.【答案】(1) AC(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩

20、来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的TripleOlympic and world sprint (短跑) championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界 短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的 疑虑，而且他没有踢美式

21、足球的计划)可推知，因为人们对田径运动中兴奋剂的疑虑，他 想平息这种疑虑，证明没有兴奋剂也可以，所以选择继续跑步，没有踢美式足球的计划。故选Ao(2)考查细节理解。根据第六段中的Boltwon gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay inworld record times at last years Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay tit

22、le in a World Championships treble.在去年的北京奥运会上，博尔特获得了 100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界纪录，上个月在柏林，他以100 米 9.58 秒和 200 米 19.19 秒的成绩打破了世界纪录，并帮助他在接力赛上夺取了世界锦标赛的三冠王，可知，博尔特在北京奥运会上打破了 3 次世界纪录，在柏林打破了2 次世界纪录，总共打破过5 次世界纪录。故选C。（ 3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“ Appearing on ESPN programs and in ligh-thearted racesoutside the televisi

23、on sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals （诽谤）.博尔特出现在 ESPN 的节 目中，并在电视体育网络的演播室外参加轻松愉快的比赛，他说，在过去的兴奋剂丑闻之后，他觉得自己必须向持怀疑态度的体育界证明自己，及下文博尔特所说的话可知，本文介绍了尤塞恩 博尔特的田径运动受到了人们的质疑。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的TripleOlympic and world s

24、print （短跑） championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界”短跑冠军博尔特（Usain Bolt）表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划，可推知，本篇文章极可能来自报纸。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，

25、是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 阅读理解The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as Americans first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the Father of his country.The third president of the United States, Thomas Je

26、fferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nations Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.Another of Americans greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is

27、 on the five-dollar bill. He servedas the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary

28、of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.Another president is on the fifty-d

29、ollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Frankli

30、n was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images from n

31、ations history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the TreasuryBuilding, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.(1) The design of the bills shows that Americ

32、ans values their peoples.A. talents in many waysB. success in their careersC. inventions in new fieldsD. contributions to the country(2) For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nations.A. economy and powerB. independence and democracyC. wealth and successD. faith and gl

33、ory(3) Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Men on the MoneyB. the Design of US BillsC. History on the MoneyD. the Story of US Bills【答案】(1) DB3 3) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们 对国家所做出的贡献。(1)考查推理判断。文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家的作用与影响， George Washington是第一任总统， Thom

34、as Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草 者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制， Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元 勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由， Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而 可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。故选Do(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的PresidentWashington has been called the Fatheofhis country. 第二段中的Jeffersowas one of the most influential of the nati

35、ons FoundingFathers.及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无 论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与 民主所做出的努力与牺牲。故选Bo(3)考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的The picture of George Washington is on the one -dollarbill.第二段中的 The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各

36、种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他 们对国家所做出的贡献。故选Ao【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需 要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4 .阅读理解China Small Group ToursTour Route 1:11 Days Private Beijing - Lhasa - Xian - ShanghaiTour Highlights:Must-see sights in China the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta WarriorsFollow u

37、s on a Buddhist pilgrimage to Tibet & appreciate the profound cultureHave a leisurely walk or an exciting bicycle ride on the time-honored City Wall of XianView the soaring city skylines and feel the pulse of modern ShanghaiFrom $ 2, 459 per personTour Route 2: 11 Days Private Bejing -Xian -Chonqing

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39、nTour Route 3:12 Days Private Beijing - Shanghai - Xian - Guilin - Yangshuo - Guilin - Hong KongTour Highlights:Must-see sights in China the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta WarriorsExperience the Bund, classical garden, modern and old in contrast in ShanghaiFeel the lively atmosphere & explor

40、e busy markets freely in Hong KongWalk into a local family, learn to cook Chinese food & dine with the hosts in their homeFrom $ 2, 499 per personTour Route 4: 12 Days Private Beijing - Xian - Chengdu - Guilin - ShanghaiTour Highlights:Must-see sights in China the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terraco

41、tta Warriors, Giant PandasCome to Chengdu, the hometown of giant pandas to visit and observe the cute creatureCruise on the meandering Li River & admire Guilin landscapeWalk into a local Chinese family, interact & dine with the hosts in their homeFrom $2, 079 per person(1) What do Tour Route 1 and T

42、our Route 2 have in common?A. They have cycling activities.B. They include a visit to Tibet.C. Visitors enjoy the Three Gorges scenery. D. Visitors pay the same amount of money.(2) What is special about Tour Route 2?A.Tourists can travel by bike.B.Tourists can visit a huge dam.C.Tourists can dine wi

43、th a family.D.It is the most expensive of the four.(3) Where can visitors enjoy Chinas rare animals?A.Tour Route 1.B.Tour Route 2.C.Tour Route 3.D.Tour Route 4.【答案】(1) AB(3) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四条旅游路线。(1) kc细节理解。根据 Route 1 部分中的 “Have a leisurely wlk or an exciting bicycle ride onthe time- honored C

44、ity Wall of Xian 及 Rouute 2 部分中的 “Try biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi an可知；这两条路线的共同之处是都有骑行活动，故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据 Route 2 部分中的“Enjoythe Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River司知，在Route 2中你可以欣赏到长江三峡风光，也就是说 Route 2的特别之处是你 可以参观三峡大坝，故选B。(3)考查细节理解。根据 Route 4 部分中的“Cometo Chengdu, the hometown of gian

45、t pandas to visit and observe the cute creature 可知，在 R6ute4中你可以看到中国的珍稀动物 大熊猫，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节 信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。5.阅读理解Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her

46、 phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. Hed had enough of the womans rudeness. But th

47、e press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed her Winstons messages, she used just one word to describe Winstons actions: rude.Winstons tale is something of a microcosm( 缩影)of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?Studies have sho

48、wn that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, Just stop. For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, tellin

49、g her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things.In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that th

50、e acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the womans behavior - but from afar, in a way that shamed her.We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens t

51、o a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way wed defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are f

52、ar more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.(1) What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?A. He knows how to speak to rude people.B. He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.C. He lost his temper due to other peo

53、ples rudeness.D. He reacted to a womans rude behavior wrongly.（ 2） What does fueled by social media mean in Paragraph 3?A. Rude behavior is common on social media.B. Rudeness can be avoided through social media.C. People can easily get away through social media.D. Social media may spread and cause r

54、udeness.（ 3） According to the writer, how should you respond when you meet rude people?A. Record them and post it on the Internet.B. Point it out in a polite and skillful way.C. Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.D. Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.（ 4） Which of the follo

55、wing statement is true about the last paragraph?A. We can only point out rudeness from familiar people.B. Rudeness and manners can hardly coexist in civilized society.C. Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning.D. Rude people cant see their rudeness through others eyes.【答案】（ 1 ）

56、 D（ 2） D（ 3） B（ 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光在媒体上的不当行为，提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ Wintson did shine a spotlight on the womans behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her. 温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为”但从长远看，这是方式一种让她蒙羞。可推出，作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。故选D。（ 2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“ Winstonstal

57、e is something of a microcosm（ 缩影 ） ofour age of increasing rudeness 可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁；再根据第四段中的”“ Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. 研究表明，粗鲁行为传播迅速，就像普通感冒一样。可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。因此此处fuel意为 “加速 ”之意，故选D。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ But we can do it with grace, by handling it

58、 without atrace of aggressio n and without being rude ourselves. 但我们可以优雅地做到这一点，处理它”时不带一丝侵略性，自己也不粗鲁。可知，作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗鲁的行为和人。故选B。（ 4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ Wemust defend strangers in the same way weddefend our best friends. 我们必须保护陌生人，就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。可知选 ”C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。6