2020-2021高考英语阅读理解试题(附答案)

1、2020-2021高考英语 阅读理解试题（附答案）一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back by eat

2、ing healthier.The pull of junk food can be super-strong. It's designed to tasty; which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.Professor Christopher Bryan says, "Food

3、 companies want you to want junk food." They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways toA promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even wal

4、k across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food.Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit- looking pop stars and smiling, active teens. "We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them," Br

5、yan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or carrot

6、s are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when you're older.After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they fe

7、lt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.(1) Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1?A. To express his doubts about junk food.B. To promote the idea of healthy eating.C. To describe the situation of junk food.D. To introduce the topic fo

8、r discussion.(2) What remains a great health challenge to doctors?A. Making people do more exercise.B. Making people eat healthily.C. Making people lose weight.D. Making people prefer junk food.(3) What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?A. What makes junk food almost impossible to resist

9、.B. What influences junk food can have on consumers.C. How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.D. Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.(4) Which of the following words can best describe Bryan's lessons?A. Shocking.B. Popular.C. Effective.D. Abstract.【答案】(1)

10、 DB 3） C 4） 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。（ 1 ）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? 你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？Doyou eat it anyway? 你仍然还吃垃圾食品？是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选D。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ It&#

11、39;s designed to be tasty, which makes eating well oneof the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. 可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生 ”到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。故选B。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到

12、“它们（食品公司）花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒”，接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。故选C。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第四段主要介绍Bryan 给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked howthey felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings

13、 about these unhealthy foods. 可知， 课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。由此可以推断，Bryan 的课是有效的。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2 阅读理解Young Adult Groups Around the World in 80 Books 9,186 m embersIf you love exploring the world through books, you have com

14、e to the right place! It all started as a challenge on TNBBC in 2009, and now we have our own group! Challenge participation is not a requirement of joining. Anyone who loves reading books is welcome.Website: http: /Rules: Respect each other's opinions and have fun! Readers That Love Giveaways 7

15、34 m embersThis group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies( 免费物 )! Follow us for the newestbargain, discounted, and free e-books, as well as new releases and book recommendations. Website: Rules: Please share your items in the appropriate folders! Book Loving Kiwis 706

16、membersA group for New Zealand book lovers ( and authors ) and lovers of New Zealand books ( and books in general ) . Aplace to share what we're reading, introduce books we have written, and discuss and recommend books. Please recommend us to your friends.Website: Rules: Enjoy reading! Respect a

17、ll group members and their opinions. A Book and a Cppucino - 77 membersThis group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace. It does not matter how much or how little you read. It's just a friendly place to discuss what you're reading and to get ideas for your next

18、read. You can participate as much or as little as you like.Website: Rules: Be respectful to all. Everyone has a right to share opinions.11) Which of the four groups is the most popular?A. Book Loving Kiwis.B. A Book and a Cappucino.C. Around the World in 80 Books.D. Readers That Love Giveaways.(2) W

19、hich website should you visit if you want free reading materials?A. .hB. .C. .D. .(3) Who is the text mainly intended for?A. New authors.B. Young adults.C. Book dealers.D. Book lovers.【答案】(1) CA(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个小组，它们都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组。(1)考查细节理解。根据四个小组名称后面紧跟着的成员人数" Aroundhe World in 80Bo

20、oks 9,186 members f ” Readers That Love Giveaways 734 members">ook LovingKiwis 706 members " A Book and a Cappucino 77 members '可知，Around the World 80 Books这一小组的成员人数最多。由此可推知，它是四个小组中最受欢迎的一个。故选Co(2)考查细节理解。根据 ReadersThat Love Giveaways 部分中的“Thisgroup is for readers that enjoy entering

21、give-aways and finding freeb ies!可知，这个群组是为喜欢领取赠品和寻找 免费赠品的读者而设的！其网址是http: / 。故选 A。(3)考查推理判断。根据 Around the World in 80 Books 9,186 -members 部分中的"If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place! ; Readers That Love Giveaways - 734 members 部分中的" This group is fo

22、r readers that enjoy entering give -aways and finding freebies (免费物)！ ： Book Loving Kiwis 706-members 部分中的“A group for New Zealand book lovers (and authors) and lovers of New Zealand books (and books in general); 和 A Book and a Cppucino 77 members 部分中的 “This group is for anyone who likes to read and

23、 likes to read at their own pace. 可知，这四个小组都是为喜欢读书的人开设 的兴趣小组，因此本文的目标读者是喜欢读书的人。故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3 .阅读理解If you're a fan of smart technology, you may have had some sleepless nights lately. That's because Alexa, the artificial intelligence

24、 (AI) behind US company Amazon's Echo smart speakers, has been "letting out an unprompted ( 自发的 工creepy (令人毛骨悚然的 )cackle for no apparent reason, according to BBC News.Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh."Every time Alex

25、a laughs, an angel dies," Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk joked on social media.On March 7, Amazon released an update that fixed the problem, saying that the laugh was caused by Echo devices mistakenly thinking that users had said the command " Alexa, laugh".However, what should ha

26、ve been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine.With the rise of artificial and robotic technology, "Digital machines started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other area that used to be particularly human," wrote Erik Br

27、ynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee in their book The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better".However, ever since the earliest days of AI there have been concerns that some

28、day, software will take over the world, leaving the fate of humans unknown."With artificial intelligence we are order the demon (魔鬼)Musk told students during a meeting at MIT in 2014. "If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it's probably that. So we need to be ver

29、y carefulMany scientists have shared the same concern. The late British physicist Stephen Hawking said at a technology conference in Portugal in November that "computers can. in theory, imitate human intelligence, and exceed it ? AI could be the worst event in the history of our civilization.&q

30、uot;If creators are to safely control AL however, Hawking suggested that they "employ best practice and effective management".I am an optimist and I believe that we can create AI for the good of the world," he said at the conference. "We simply need to be aware of the dangers, id

31、entify them, employ the best possible practice and management, and prepare for its consequences well in advance."(1) What does the underlined word "cackle" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.movementB.laughterC.screamD.story(2) The story of Alexa is intended to _.A.lead into the discussio

32、n about humans and AIB.prove artificial intelligence has its weaknessesC.inform readers of the development of AI D.show how Alexa's problem was fixed(3) According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee, which statement below is probably TRUE?A.The development of AI could threaten our survival one day.B.Digi

33、tal machines have complete ability to recognize something without mistakes.C.Robots will never match humans in complex communication.D.Humans lives will be greatly improved with the help of robots.(4) What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Man VS. MachineB.Time to Control Rise of AIC.Creepy AID

34、.AI: The Biggest Threat【答案】(1) BA(3) D(4) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点，提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。(1)考查猜测词义。根据第二段中的"Many social media users shared their stories of Alexascaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司 的智能机器 Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。此句中的"laugh”与文章第一段中的划线词

35、"cackle"意义一样，故选 B。(2)考查推理判断。前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情，再根据第五段中的"However, what should have been a funny story raised theongoing topic of man versus machine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。故选 A。(3)考查推理判断。根据第五段中的 "They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives wil

36、l get better"."可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能 力，这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。故选 Do(4)考查主旨大意。本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险 的不同观点。在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话，告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险，要 做好充分的准备。B项符合文章中心思想。故选 Bo【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅 读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答 案。4.阅读理解Most adults find it h

37、ard to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have found exactly when these childhood memories fade( 消失).A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six,

38、 but by the time theyare over seven, these memories decline（ 衰退 ） rapidly.Most children by the age of eight or nine can only recall 35% of their experiences from under the age of three, according to the new findings.The scientists behind the research say this is because at around this age the way we

39、 form memories begins to change. They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early events they can recall tend to be more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster rate of forgett

40、ing than adults. The findings also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later.The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events from their past, such as family outings, trips to

41、the zoo, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events. The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the children could recall remained between 63 -72 percent. However

42、, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.（ 1 ） What does the new study tell us?A.Childhood memories decline with years.B.Three-year-old kids are the cleverest.C.Childhood memories can fade easily.D.Some adults cannot recall past events.（ 2

43、） What does the underlined word "persist" in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Change.B.Remain.C.Appear.D.Return.（ 3） What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A.Adults cannot have clear memories of past events.B.Children can think like adults when they get older.C.Children under 7 years old have different ways

44、 of forming memories.D.Children often forget things because they have no idea of time or place. （ 4） In the second session, nine-year-old children .A.refused to discuss the same eventsB.remembered all their family outingsC.could recall 72 percent of their past eventsD.only remembered a small part of

45、 their past events【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） B（ 3） D（ 4） D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，但到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退。在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。在5 到 7 岁之间，孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到72%之间。然而，8 至 9 岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段“ A new study has found that most three -year-olds can

46、 recalla lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline（ 衰退 ） rapidly. 一项新 ” 的研究发现，大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在，但当他们超过七岁时，这些记忆迅速衰退。可知新研究告诉了我们童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。故选A。（ 2）考

47、查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“ but by the time they are over seven, these memoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退，可知这些记忆在五岁和六岁时 依然存在，故划线单词persist 的意思是：存在，保留。故选B。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ They say that before the age of seven children do nothave a sense of time and place in their memories. 他们说在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时”间感和位置感。可

48、知孩子们经常忘记事情，因为他们没有时间感位置感，故选D。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent. 然而， 8 至 9 岁儿童能够回忆起的 ”信息量下降到35%和36%。可知在第二阶段，九岁的孩子只记得他们过去的一小部分事情。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理

49、，从而选 出正确答案。（ 5） 理解Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience.Open Table appOpen Table app helps people

50、 choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points when they make reservations（ 预定 ）, which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits.Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pa

51、iring appWine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses?Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and suggests wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is

52、 free.HappyCow appVegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow appis made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around theworld.LocalEats appRestaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person mig

53、ht travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs about a dollar.Where Chefs Eat app"Where Chefs Eat" is a 975-pagc book. Most people would no

54、t want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app.(1) What do the first two apps have in common?A. They are both free of charge.B. Discounts are pr

55、ovided on both.C. Best wines can be reserved on both.D. They tell you where to have the best food.(2) Who is HappyCow app probably designed for?A. Friends drinking wines together.B. Chefs enjoying meat very much.C. People who want to go on a diet.D. Those often eating in a restaurant.(3) Where can w

56、e most likely see the text?A. On a tourism guide.B. In a cellphone application introduction.C. In a students' textbook.D. On a scientific discovery TV program.【答案】(1) AC(3) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五个帮助他们了解健康饮食的应用软件。(1)考查细节理解。根据 Open Table app 部分中的"Itis a free service that shows users restauran

57、t available based on where and when they want to dine.这是项免费服务； 根据用户想要用餐的地点和时间向用户显示餐厅；以及 Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app 部分中的"MaxMcCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free. "MaMcCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing应用程序是免费的。可知前两个应用程序的共同点是他们都是免费的。故选A。(2)考查推理判断。根据 HappyC

58、ow app 部分中的"Vegetariansdo not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made f or both groups. 素食者不吃 肉。严格素食者不吃任何动物产品。而快乐奶牛应用软件就是为这两个群体制作的。，可 知HappyCow软件是为想要节食的人设计的。故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Now, there are apps that can help people learn aboutthe food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience." 现在，有一些应用程 序可以帮助人们了解他们吃的食物，从而改善他们的健康和外出就餐的体验。以及文章主 要介绍了五个应用软件，故最有可能在手机应用介绍看到本文。故选 Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需 要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6.阅读理解It started dur