2020-2021高考英语一模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(附答案)

1、2020-2021高考英语一模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解（附答案）一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house in Allentown, Pennsylvania, when they got a call from one of

2、 his daughters, "The house next door is on fire!" He went to investigate. That's when he saw two women and a girl hysterical （ 歇斯底里 的）on their porch."The baby's in there!" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively

3、ran inside. "The baby" was 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman's granddaughter and a playmate of Surrell's three youngest kids, then 8, 10, and 12. The other two on the porch were Tiara's aunt and cousin.Entering the burning house was like "running into a bucket of black p

4、aint," Surrell says. The thick smoke caused him to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been hazardous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （ 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ）,they were life-threatening. He was the

5、last person who should have run into a burning building- he has lung disease. But that didn't stop him.After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. "Where is Tiara?" he asked desperately." The second floor." her aunt shouted back.Su

6、rrell knew he couldn't hold his breath for long. So he uttered a little prayer, "Well, Lord, this is it. You gotta help me, because I'm not coming out without that little girl." Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time.The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had

7、a similar layout to his, he found the stairs and made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met by intense heat. He was already out of breath."Baby girl, where are you?" His throat and lungs burned as if he'd inhaled fire instead of the smoke and soot in the air. Every

8、 blink stung his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood. CD_ .Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. An ominous thought crossed his mind: I'm probably gonna die up

9、here.Finally he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara toward him. d Her body was limp and she wasn't breathing. He scooped her into his arms and stood. He felt the heat of the flames on his cheeks. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness. The n

10、ext thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside. Surrell put Tiara down on the porch.（3L. A voice told him, "You have to breathe for her." He started CPR -the first time he'd ever done so. The women stood behind him, praying silently. Soon a soot-filled cough came from Tiara&

11、#39;s throat. Surrell gave five more breaths. She coughed again. Her eyes flickered. He gave one final breath. She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.Their eyes met. Surrell hugged her tight and said, "Uncle's got you. Soon after, his throat closed off.Surrell woke up in the hospi

12、tal a couple of days later, having suffered severe burns to his windpipe and the upper portion of his lungs. He spent over a week in the hospital. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition, and he feels the effects even two years la

13、ter. As a result, he takes extra medication that helps open his airways. "It's a small price to pay," he says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought."(1) Michael Surrell ran to save "the baby" mainly becauseA.he was on the scene

14、casuallyB.he was driven by instinctC.his daughter was in dangerD.his own house was at risk(2) Why should Surrell be the last person to run into a burning building?A.The fire department had been called.B.He was 64 years old at that time.C.The condition was life-threatening.D.He had chronic pulmonary

15、disease.(3) In the course of rescue, Surrell .A.had to move out for breath because of smokeB.was prevented by the overwhelming smokeC.made it to the second floor without any troubleD.could clearly hear the sound made by the baby(4) Which blank could the sentence "Then a weak but distinct voice

16、emerged" be best put in?A.B.C.D. From the last paragraph, we can learn that.A.Surrell came back to life a week laterB.Tiara had to stay in hospital for weeks C.Surrell's disease became more serious D.Tiara needed further extra medication(6) What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.Bre

17、athe for HerB.Struggle to surviveC.A small price to payD.A man with lung disease【答案】(1) BD（ 3） A（ 4） A（ 5） C（ 6） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不 后悔。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Thoughthe fire department had been called, Surrell,then 64, instinctively ran inside

18、. 虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时 ”64 岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进去，可知Surrell 跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使，这里instinctively 本能地是instinct 的副词形式，故选B。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ but for Surrell, who has chronicobstructive pulmonarydisease （慢性阻塞性肺疾病），they were life- threatening 但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell 来说，当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的，所以Surrell 是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人，故选D。（ 3）考查细节理解

19、。根据第四段中的“ Aftera few minutes in the smoke filled house, heretreated outside to catch his breath. 在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他退到外面喘口 ”气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间Surrell 不得不出来喘口气，故选A。（ 4）考查推理判断。第一个空前“ All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burningwood. ” 他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声，选项A“ Then a weak but distinct voice eme

20、rged然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的Then 在时间上承接前一句，空格后一句“ Stillunable to see”还是看不见，承接选项A工个微弱但清晰的声音”，可以判断听到声音但还是看不见人，故选A。（ 5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition.大火加剧了Surrell 的肺部疾病，可知 Surrell 的病情变得更严重了，故选C。（ 6）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“ A voice told him, You have tofobrrehaetrh. e Hesta

21、rted CPR . She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own. 可知， Surrell 给女孩做人工 ” 呼吸，女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了，人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用 breathe for her 做主题引申Surrell 挽救了女孩的生命，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2 阅读理解As the President of Ariel Investme

22、nts, I am often asked how to cultivate （ 培养 ） green hands to be qualified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W. Rogers.While in college, I worked as an intern （ 实习生 ） at Ariel Investments. As the youngest girl of six kids from a si

23、ngle mom, I had very little knowledge of the business world. When I graduated, I decided to return to the company to improve myself.At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers. He told me that I would often fin

24、d myself in the company of rich and successful people with big titles, lots of degrees and lots of experience. And yet, my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career. When I was starting out, I thoug

25、ht my inexperience was holding me back, but John said that it was a good thing. He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.As my tutor, John encouraged me to be brave. As my boss, he took some giant leaps of faith to support me. Because of our first lunch and the y

26、ears of support that followed, I never thought twice about speaking up, raising my hand or taking a seat at the table. Staying in the background was never a choice. But John's advice came with one important warning. I needed to keep my attitude in check. It's one thing to be firm but quite a

27、nother to be rude. Similarly, there is a fine line between confidence and overconfidence. With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others. As someone once told me, "the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time."（ 1 ） What can we learn

28、about the author from the text?A.She went to Ariel Investments after graduation for practice.B.She made her voice heard with encouragement from her boss.C.Her miserable childhood had a negative effect on her work.D.Her performance during internship was highly praised in public. （ 2） Due to John W. R

29、ogers' advice, the author.A.learned to strike a balance between work and lifeB.contributed her ideas only after listening to others'C.no longer felt lost and became aware of her own value D.switched to a different company to display her talent（ 3） What can be a suitable title for the text?A.

30、Keep Your Attitude under Control.B.Encourage Your Employees to Grow.C.Let Your Success Be Your Noise.D.Live a Life with a High Goal.（ 4） Who would probably benefit most from this article?A.Company bosses.B.Those new to a job.C.Business consultants.D.Experienced teammates.【答案】（ 1 ） B（ 2） C（ 3） A（ 4）

31、B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作为实习生，作者在实习期间受到公司的创始人、董事长 John W. Rogers 深深地影响，John W. Rogers 鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的想法，也鼓励作者要勇敢，因为 John W. Rogers作者也学习到“要有锋芒却不伤人"。11）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 "At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rog

32、ers." 作者 22 岁时的想 法被John W. Rogers极大地影响，故选 B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said.This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career." John W. Rogers说作者的想法可以很好甚至可以更好，这些建议对于作者整个职业生涯造成 了非常大的影响，这些影响使得作者不再感到迷茫，同时也开

33、始意识到自己的价值。故选Co（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"'Withhat in mind, I have had to learn to balancethe way I act around others. As someone once told me,' the goathseatbeedbandnon-threatening at the same time."可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉读者，要平衡自信与自 负之间的关系，而且曾经有人告诉作者”要有锋芒，但也不要伤人"，即能控制自己的态度，总结概括了文章的主旨。故选A。（4）考查

34、推理判断。第一段提到作者非常擅长培养新手，同时作者也回忆了自己在做实 习生时的上司对作者的指导，这些对于刚入职场的人而言都是非常好的工作经验，因此这 篇文章特别适合职场新手。故选Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 .阅读理解It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on sleep can le

35、ad to obesity（ 肥胖）and even cancer. You might even find yourself with a head full of false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.In an August 2018 study, published in

36、the Journal of the American Heart Association, researchers researched the sleep patterns of those "fortunate" few and found they may not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared to those who sleep together le

37、ss than seven hours. What's more, sleep- aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying compared to the seven-hour crowd.The wide-ranging global study invoked（涉及）more than three million people who selfreported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-o

38、pening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot, you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation（ 适 度）.You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Cu

39、rrent Biology. Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.For the study, 36 participants

40、were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, both sleep-deprived(睡眠不足的 )groups consu

41、me more food and gain weight.(1) Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?A. Few people have time to sleep too much. B. Lack of sleep causes much more harm. C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern. D. People's health has nothing to do with it.(2) What does the underlin

42、ed words "those 'fortunate' few" in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Those leading a relaxing life.B. Those getting too much sleep.C. Those with less time to sleep.D. Those with no sleep problems.(3) What can be learned from the 2019 study?A. Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hung

43、ry people.B. Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays.C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep.D. People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk. (4) What is the main idea of the text?A. It is necessary to save enough time for sleep.B. Too much sleep can

44、 result in gaining weight.C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health.D. People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily.【答案】(1) A B(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Butrarely does science explore the dark side ofsleeping too much. That's

45、 because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很 少被研究。故选Ao(2)考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的 "That'sbecause few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索 这种选择； 以及第二段中的“theymay not b

46、e so lucky after all. In fact, they found peoplewho get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk 他彳门可能根本就没有那么幸 运。事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险，可推断，划线部分指代睡眠时间太长的人故选B。(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 "Researchersiiscovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still s

47、leeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar inblood.研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。可知，只有周 末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。故选 D。(4)考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Butrarely does science explor

48、e the dark side ofsleeping too much.可知本文介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。故选Co【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅 读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正 确答案。4.阅读理解When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what t

49、o do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggar

50、s.Certainly, most of the world's great religions (宗教)order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally (道德方面)right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and ne

51、eded help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil (恶行). S

52、econdly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one's sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the p

53、roblem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life i

54、n some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.(1) What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. Moral deeds of people.B. Religious activities of the church.C. Moral goodness of the giver.D. Arguments on giving to beggars.(2) What can we infe

55、r from the sentence "But has the world changed?" in the second paragraph?A. People no longer know who suffers misfortune in the village.B. Some people will not do what was morally right in the past.C. We don't meet with those who need help any more.D. Now it is the government's dut

56、y to help the beggars.(3) Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for begging.（ 4） In the last para

57、graph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion, because .A. the cases can be so differentB. there are so many beggarsC. there is so much money wastedD. there are so many different arguments【答案】（ 1 ） D（ 2） B（ 3） B（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们过去和现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因，告诉我们不同问题要区别对待。（ 1

58、 ）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文论述了人们现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因。列举了现在人们不给乞讨者钱的几种想法及帮助别人是美德，告诉我们不同问题要区别对待。故选D。（ 2）考查句义猜测。上句说多数宗教都要求我们敞开心扉和不如自己幸运的人分享。下句讲或许过去道德上认为是对的现在不再是最好的想法。前后两句是转折，所以"But hasthe world changed?" 指情况发生了改变，人们的观念发生了改变，故选B。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ many city beggasr dress up on purpose to look pitiableand act

59、ually make a good living from begging. the money' you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs.和 there is no real excuse for begging.可知 A、C”D 都提到了， B 没提到。故选 B。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ It is hard to come to any final co nclusion; there arevarious cases and we must deal with them differently. 可知由于不同情况要区别对待，所以很”难做最后结论。故选A.【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系， 进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5. （2019?全国n ）阅读理解“You can use me as a last sort （选择）,and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." Thi!was an actual reply from a parent after I