常用物理英语词汇大全

1、常用物理英语词汇大全英文力学词汇-（a-b） absolute acceleration 绝对加速度absolute motion 绝对运动absolute velocity 绝对速度accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accelerometer 加速度计acting force 作用力active force 主动力angle of friction 摩擦角angle of nutation 章动角angle of precession 进动角angle of rotation 自转角angu

2、lar acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移angular motion 角向运动angular velocity vector 角速度矢量angular velocity 角速度areal velocity 掠面速度又称“扇形速度（sector velocity）”arm of couple 力偶臂attraction force 吸引力Atwood machine 阿特伍德机average velocity，mean velocity 平均速度axial acceleration 轴向加速度axial vector 轴矢量ballistic c

3、urve 弹道ballistic pendulum 弹道摆ballistics 弹道学base point 基点bearing 轴承binormal acceleration 副法向加速度bounce 反弹 英文力学词汇-（c） center of force 力心center of gravity 重心center of mass 质心center of moment 矩心center of parallel force system 平行力系中心center of percussion 撞击中心center of reduction 简化中心又称“约化中心”center-of-mass s

4、ystem 质心参考系central field 有心力场central force 有心力central impact 对心碰撞central principal axis of inertia 中心惯性主轴centrifugal force 离心力centripetal acceleration 向心加速度centripetal force 向心力centrode 瞬心迹Chasles theorem 沙勒定理circular motion 圆周运动coefficient of maximum static friction 最大静摩擦系数coefficient of restitutio

5、n 恢复系数coefficient of rolling friction 滚动摩擦系数coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数collision 碰撞component force 分力component velocity 分速度composite motion 复合运动composition of forces 力的合成composition of velocities 速度的合成compound pendulum 复摆concentrated force 集中力concurrent force 汇交力conservative force 保守力cons

6、ervative system 保守系constant force 恒力constant of motion 运动常量constraint force 约束力constraint 约束convected acceleration 牵连加速度convected motion 牵连运动convected velocity 牵连速度coplanar force 共面力Coriolis acceleration 科里奥利加速度简称“科氏加速度”Coriolis force 科里奥利力简称“科氏力”Coulomb law of friction 库仑摩擦定律couple 力偶curvilinear mo

7、tion 曲线运动英文力学词汇-（d-e） dAlembert inertial force 达朗贝尔惯性力dAlembert principle 达朗贝尔原理density 密度displacement 位移 dissipative force 耗散力 distributed force 分布力effective potential 有效势elastic force 弹性力elementary work 元功ellipsoid of inertia 惯量椭球equilibrium condition 平衡条件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium posi

8、tion 平衡位置equilibrium state 平衡态equilibrium 平衡equipotential line 等势线equipotential surface 等势面equivalent force system 等效力系Euler kinematical equations 欧拉运动学方程Eulerian angle 欧拉角external ballistics 外弹道学 external force 外力英文力学词汇-（f-g） final velocity 末速度finite rotation 有限转动 first cosmic velocity 第一宇宙速度fixed

9、centrode 定瞬心迹又称“空间瞬心迹（herpolhode）”fixed reference system 固定参考系fixed vector 固定矢量fixed-axis rotation 定轴转动fixed-point motion 定点运动force 力force field 力场force polygon 力多边形force screw 力螺旋force triangle 力三角形forces acting at the same point 共点力Foucault pendulum 傅科摆free motion of rigid body 刚体自由运动free vector 自

10、由矢量free-body diagram 受力图描述分离体所受力的图。friction force 摩擦力funicular polygon 索多边形Galilean invariance 伽利略不变性Galilean principle of relativity 伽利略相对性原理Galilean transformation 伽利略变换geocentric coordinate system 地心坐标系gravitation 引力gravitational constant 引力常量gravitational field 引力场gravity field 重力场gravity 重力guy

11、cable 拉索gyroscope 陀螺仪英文力学词汇-（h-i） helical motion 螺旋运动hinged end 铰接端hodograph 矢端图impact parameter 碰撞参量imperfect elastic collision 非完全弹性碰撞impulse of compression 压缩冲量impulse of restitution 恢复冲量impulse 冲量inertia 惯性inertial reference frame / system 惯性参考系inertial centrifugal force 惯性离心力inertial force 惯性力i

12、nfinitesimal rotation 无限小转动initial velocity 初速度instantaneous axis of rotation 转动瞬轴instantaneous center of rotation 转动瞬心instantaneous center of acceleration 加速度瞬心instantaneous screw axis 瞬时螺旋轴instantaneous translation 瞬时平移instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度internal force 内力intrinsic equation 内禀方程isochronism

13、等时性isochronous pendulum 等时摆isolated system 孤立系 英文力学词汇-（j-l） jerk 加加速度journal bearing 颈轴承Kepler law 开普勒定律kinematical equation 运动学方程kinetic energy 动能kinetic friction 动摩擦kineto-statics 动态静力学laboratory coordinate system 实验室坐标系law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律law of c

14、onservation of mass 质量守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy 机械能守恒定律law of conservation of moment of momentum 动量矩守恒定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of universal gravitation 万有引力定律limiting velocity 极限速度line of action 作用线 英文力学词汇-（m-n） many-body problem 多体问题material point，mass point，pa

15、rticle 质点mechanical energy 机械能mechanical motion 力学运动又称“机械运动”mechanical work 机械功Meshcherskii formula 密歇尔斯基公式moment arm of force 力臂moment of area 面矩moment of couple 力偶矩moment of force 力矩moment of inertia 转动惯量moment of momentum 动量矩又称“角动量（angular momentum）”moment vector of couple 力偶矩矢moment vector 矩矢量mo

16、mentum 动量motion of rigid-body with a fixed point 刚体定点运动moving centrode 动瞬心迹又称“本体瞬心迹（polhode）”moving reference system 动参考系Newton first law 牛顿第一定律Newton second law 牛顿第二定律Newton third law 牛顿第三定律normal acceleration 法向加速度null-force system 零力系nutation 章动英文力学词汇-（o-p） oblique impact 斜碰orbit 轨道overweight 超重p

17、arallel axis theorem 平行轴定理parallel forces 平行力parallelogram rule 平行四边形定则path 路程沿路径的长度。path，itinerary 路径pendulum 摆perfect elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞perfect inelastic collision 完全非弹性碰撞perturbation 摄动pitch 俯仰/音调pivot bearing 枢轴承planar hinge 平面铰planar motion 平面运动Poinsot motion 潘索运动point of action 作用点polar

18、vector 极矢量position vector 位置矢量简称“位矢”potential force 有势力potential function 势函数power 功率precession 进动物理学称“旋进”。principal axis of inertia 惯量主轴principal moment of inertia 主转动惯量principal moment 主矩principal vector 主矢量principle of removal of constraint 解除约束原理principle of rigidization 刚化原理product of inertia 惯

19、性积projectile motion 抛体运动pseudoregular precession 赝规则进动pulley 滑轮 英文力学词汇-（r） radial acceleration 径向加速度radial velocity 径向速度radius of gyration 回转半径radius vector 径矢又称“矢径”reacting force 反作用力reaction at support 支座反力recoil 反冲rectilinear motion 直线运动reduced mass 简化质量又称“约化质量”，为减少自由度而用的折算质量reduction of force sy

20、stem 力系的简化又称“力系的约化”reference system 参考系regular precession 规则进动relative acceleration 相对加速度relative motion 相对运动relative velocity 相对速度resolution of force 力的分解resolution of velocity 速度的分解resultant couple 合力偶resultant force 合力resultant velocity 合速度rigid body motion 刚体运动rigid body 刚体rocket 火箭roll 侧滚roller

21、 滚柱rolling friction 滚动摩擦rotation around a fixed point 定点转动rotation 转动英文力学词汇-（s） second cosmic velocity 第二宇宙速度simple pendulum 单摆sliding friction 滑动摩擦sliding vector 滑移矢量specific gravity，specific weight 比重speed 速率spherical hinge 球铰spherical pendulum 球面摆static friction 静摩擦statically determinate 静定static

22、ally indeterminate 超静定suspended cable 悬索system of couples 力偶系system of forces 力系system of particles 质点系英文力学词汇-（t） tangential acceleration 切向加速度tensile force 拉力tension 拉伸/张力terminal velocity 终极速度theorem of kinetic energy 动能定理theorem of moment of momentum 动量矩定理theorem of momentum 动量定理third cosmic velo

23、city 第三宇宙速度three-body problem 三体问题top 陀螺torque 转矩trajectory 轨迹translation 平移transmissibility of force 力的可传性transverse acceleration 横向加速度transverse velocity 横向速度two-body problem 二体问题英文力学词汇-（u-w） uniform motion 匀速运动variable-mass dynamics 变质量动力学variable-mass system 变质量系Varignon theorem 伐里农定理velocity of

24、 escape 逃逸速度velocity 速度weightlessness 失重 work 功 物理常用英语词汇（A） a.c. generator交流发电机aberration光行差，像差absolute index of refraction绝对折射率absolute refractive index绝对折射率absolute temperature scale绝对温标absolute zero绝对零度absorber吸收体absorbing power吸收能力，吸收本领absorptance吸收比absorption吸收absorption coefficient吸收系数absorpti

25、on line吸收谱线 absorption spectrum吸收光谱，吸收谱accelerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度acceleration-time graph加速度时间关系线图accelerator加速器acceptor接受体acceptor doping受体掺杂acceptor impurity受体杂质accommodation调节，视觉调节accumulator蓄电池accuracy准确度acetate strip醋酸酯条片achromatic消色差的achromatic aberration消色差achr

26、omatic condenser消色差聚光透镜achromatic light消色差光，白光acoustic blur声响模糊acoustic board吸音板，吸声板acoustic navigation声响导航acoustic pressure声压acoustics声学act on施于action作用量，作用，作用力action of point尖端作用activation激活，活化activation energy激活能，活化能active nucleus活性核，放射性核activity放射强度，放射性adapter接合器adder加法器adhesion附着力，附着，黏附adhesive

27、 force附着力adiabatic绝热的adiabatic expansion绝热膨胀adiabatic process绝热过程aerial天线 aerial induction天线调谐电感aerial network天线网络aerodynamic force气动力，空气动力aerodynamics气体动力学，空气动力学aerofoil机翼agent剂air blower吹风器air column空气柱，气柱air cushion气垫air damping空气阻尼air film气膜air track气垫导航air wedge气楔alignment对准，校整alpha decay衰变alph

28、a particle粒子alpha particle scattering analogue粒子放射模拟alternating current交流电alternating voltage交变电压，交流电压alternator交流发电机altimeter高度计，测高仪americiumammeter安培计amorphous非结晶的，无定形的ampere安培，安ampere-hour安培小时，安时amplification放大，放大率amplifier放大器amplify放大amplitude振幅amplitude modulation调幅，振幅调剂amyl acetate醋酸戊酯anaemia贫

29、血analogue模拟analogue experiment模拟实验analogue signal仿真讯号，非数字讯号analogue-to-digital conversion模拟转换analyser检偏振器AND gate与门anemometer风速计aneroid barometer无液气压计，空盒气压计angle of contact接触角angle of deviation偏向角angle of diffraction衍射角，绕射角angle of dip倾角angle of elevation仰角angle of emergence出射角angle of incidence入射角a

30、ngle of inclination倾角angle of minimum deviation最小偏向角angle of projection投射角angle of reflection反射角angle of refraction折射角angle of twist扭转角angstrom埃angular acceleration角加速度angular aperture孔径张角angular displacement角位移angular frequency角频率angular impulse角冲量angular magnification角度放大，角放大率angular momentum角动量，动

31、量矩angular motion角向运动，角运动angular seed角速率angular velocity角速度angular width角宽度annealing退火，韧化anode阳极，正极anomalous expansion反常膨胀antenna天线 anticlockwise moment逆时针力矩antifreeze防冻剂antinodal line腹线 antinode波腹antiparticle反粒子antiphase反相，逆相aperture孔径，口径，孔apparent depth视深apparent expansion表观膨胀，视膨胀apparent frequency

32、表观频率，视频率apparent loss in weight表观失重apparent weight表观重量Appleton layer阿普顿层，F电离层aqueous layer水层Archimedes principle阿基米得原理area面积argon氩armature电枢artificial disintegration人工蜕变artificial radioactivity人工放射astable非稳态的astable circuit非稳态电路astable multivibrator非态多谐振荡器astigmatism像散，散光astronomical telescope天文望远镜a

33、t infinity在无穷远处at rest静止atmosphere大气，大气层，大气压atmospheric pressure大气压强atom原子atomic bomb原子弹atomic bond原子键atomic density原子密度atomic diameter原子直径atomic energy原子能atomic mass原子质量atomic mass unit原子质量单位atomic model原子模型atomic nucleus原子核atomic number原子序数atomic radius原子半径atomic separation原子间距atomic spacing原子间距at

34、omic structure原子结构atomic theory原子论atomizer喷雾器attenuation衰减attraction吸引attractive force吸力audible frequency range听频范围audible signal可听讯号audio frequency声频autofocus自动聚焦，自动对焦avalanche电子雪崩average acceleration平均加速度average power平均功率average speed平均速率average velocity平均速度Avogadro constant阿佛加德罗常数，阿佛加德罗常量Avogadro

35、 number阿佛加德罗数Avogadros law阿佛加德罗定律axial轴向的，沿轴的axial field轴向场axial search coil轴向探察线图axis轴axis of rotation转轴 物理英语词汇（B） back e.m.f.反电动势background radiation本底辐射Bainbridge mass spectrometer班布里奇质谱仪balance天平，秤，平衡balance arm秤杆，平衡臂balance point平衡点balance bridge平衡电桥balanced force平衡力ball bearing球轴承，滚珠轴承ballisti

36、c galvanometer冲击电流计，冲击检流计ballistic pendulum冲击摆Balmer series巴耳末系，巴耳末光谱band spectrum带状光谱，带状谱bandwidth带宽bar code条形码bar magnet磁棒bare wire裸线 barium钡barometer气压计barrier障碍物barrier layer阻档层，耗尽层barrier potential difference阻档层电势差，阻档层电位差Bartons pendulums巴尔通摆base基极base current基极电流battery电池组battery charger电池充电器b

37、attery holder电池座beaker烧杯beam splitter分束器，射束分离器beat拍beat frequency拍频becquerel贝克勒耳，贝克bel贝尔，贝bell jar钟形罩bench mat实验台垫Bernoullis theorem伯努利定律beryllium铍beta decay衰变beta particle粒子biasing circuit偏压电路biasing voltage偏压biconcave lens双凹透镜biconvex lens双凸透镜bicycle dynamo自行车发电机，脚踏车发电机bifilar pendulum双线摆bifocal l

38、ens双焦距透镜big bang model大爆炸模型bimetallic strip双层金属片，双金属片binary adder二进加法器binary system二进制binding结合binding energy结合能binoculars双筒望远镜Biot-Savart law毕奥萨伐尔定律bipolar双极的birefraction双折射bistable双稳态的，双稳器bistable circuit双稳电路bistable multivibrator双稳态多谐振荡器bit二进制制，位black body radiation黑体辐射block and tackle滑轮组block di

39、agram方框图blocking capacitor隔直流电器容blooming敷霜，表面加膜Bohr atom玻尔原子Bohr radius玻尔半径Bohr theory玻尔理论boil沸腾，煮沸boiler锅炉boiling point沸点bolometer辐射热计Boltzmann constant玻耳兹曼常数，玻耳兹曼常量bombardment轰击bond energy键能bonding键合Bourdon gauge布尔登气压计bow wave弓形波，舷波Boyles law博伊尔定律Brackett series布喇开系，布喇开光谱Bragg angle布喇格角Bragg diffr

40、action布喇格衍射，布喇格绕射Bragg plane布喇格平面Braggs law布喇格定律brake制动器breakdown potential击穿电势，击穿电位breaking point断点breaking strength抗断强度breaking stress致断应力breeder reactor增殖反应堆bremsstrahlung轫致辐射Brewsters law布鲁斯特定律bridge circuit桥式电路bridge rectifier桥式整流器bright fringe亮纹brightness亮度brittle脆的，易碎的bromine溴Brownian movemen

41、t布朗运动brush电刷bubble chamber气泡室bubble raft model泡筏模型buffer缓冲器buffer circuit缓冲电路bulk modulus体积弹性模量Bunsen burner本生灯buoyancy浮力burette滴定管burette stand滴定管架burglar alarm防盗警报器，防盗警钟buzzer蜂鸣器by-pass旁路byte二进制组，字节 物理英文词汇（C） cable电缆cadmium sulphide硫化镉caesium铯calcite方解石calibrate校准，标上刻度calipers测径器，卡钳calorie卡路里，卡cal

42、orimeter量热器camera照相机cancer cell癌细胞candela坎德拉cantilever悬臂capacitance电容capacitance substitution box换值电容箱capacitive circuit电容电路capacitive component电容性分量capacitive coupling电容耦合capacitive discharge电容性放电capacitive reactance容抗capacitor电容器capacitor-input filter电容输入滤波器capacity容量，载量capillarity毛细现象，毛细作用capilla

43、ry depression毛细下降capillary rise毛细上升capillary tube毛细管capsule囊capture俘获carbon碳carbon granule碳颗粒carbon paper disc圆形碳纸carbon-14 dating碳14年代测定法carburettor化油器，汽化器carrier wave载波carry进位castor oil蓖麻油cataract白内障cathode阴极，负极cathode ray阴极射线 cathode ray deflection tube阴极射线偏转管cathode-ray oscilloscope阴极射线示波器，示波器ca

44、thode-ray tube阴极射线管cavity resonator空腔共振器celestial telescope天体望远镜cell电池，细胞Celsius temperature scale摄氏温标centimetre厘米centralized low voltage power supply unit中央控制低压电源箱centre of curvature曲率中心centre of gravity重心centre of mass质心centre of oscillation振荡中心centre-tapped transformer中心抽头变压器centrifugal force离心力c

45、entrifuge离心机centripetal acceleration向心加速度centripetal force向心力Chadwick查德威克chain reaction连锁反应change of state物态变化change-over switch换向开关characteristic特性，特征characteristic curve特性曲线 characteristic line特征线，特征谱characteristic spectrum特征光谱，特征谱charge电荷，充电，起电charge carrier载荷子charge conservation电荷守恒charge densit

46、y电荷密度charge distribution电荷分布charge to mass ratio荷质比charged particle带电粒子charging by contact接触起电charging by friction摩擦生电charging by induction感应起电charging by sharing授受起电charging time constant充电时间常数，充电时间常量Charless law查理定律choke扼流，抗流，扼流圈，抗流圈choke circuit扼流电路，抗流电路chromatic aberration色差chromatic dispersion色

47、散cinefilm soundtrack电影胶片声迹circle of least confusion最少模糊圈，明晰圈circuit电路circuit board电路板circuit breaker断路器circuit symbol电路符号circular coil环形线圈circular motion圆周运动circular orbit圆周轨道circular pulse圆形脉冲circular wave圆形波circular wavefront圆形波阵面，圆形波前clamp夹钳，夹紧clap-echo method拍掌回声法cleave裂开clinical thermometer体温计c

48、lip夹子clockwise moment顺时针力矩closed circuit闭合电路closed pipe闭管closed tube闭管closed-loop control system死循环控制系统closed-loop gain死循环增益closed-loop voltage gain死循环电压增益closely packed密堆积的cloud chamber云室cloud chamber track云室径迹coaxial共轴，同轴coaxial cable同轴电缆，同轴cobalt钴code编码coder编码器coefficient of dynamic friction动摩擦系数

49、coefficient of friction摩擦系数coefficient of restitution恢复系数coefficient of static friction静摩擦系数coefficient of viscosity黏滞系数coherent相干的cohesion内聚力，内聚cohesive force内聚力coil线圈collector集电极，集极collector current集电极电流，集极电流collimator准直管，准直仪collision碰撞colour颜色colour code色码，色标combinational logic组合逻辑common emitter共

50、发射极common-mode voltage共模电压commutator换向器compass指南针，罗盘complete circuit完整电路component组件，分量，组分component of force分力compound microscope复式显微镜compound pendulum复摆compressed gas压缩气体compressibility可压缩性，压缩系数，压缩率compressible fluid可压缩性流体compression密部，压缩compression spring balance压缩弹簧天平concave凹concave lens凹透镜concave

51、 mirror凹镜，凹面镜concentric capacitor同心电容器condensation凝结，凝聚condensation nucleus凝结核，凝聚核condensation point凝点，凝结点condenser聚光器，电容器，冷凝器conductance电导conductivity传导性，传导率conductor导体conical pendulum锥摆conjugate foci共轭焦点conservation of angular momentum角动量守恒conversation of charge电荷守恒conservation of energy能量守恒conser

52、vation of mechanical energy机械能守恒conservation of momentum动量守恒conservative force守恒力，保守力conserved守恒constant acceleration恒加速度constant angular acceleration恒角加速度constant angular velocity恒角速度constant force恒力constant motion恒速运动constant pressure定压constant speed恒速率constant temperature定温constant velocity恒速度constant volume定容constant volume gas thermometer定容气体温度计constantan康铜constriction颈缩constructive interference相长干涉contact angle接触角contact area接触面积contact force接触力 con