泌尿系统词汇urinary system.doc (98.5k)

1、泌尿系统urinary system泌尿生殖系统的解剖促红细胞生成素epo,erythropoietin肾素rennin羟胆钙化醇1，25-hydroxycholecalciferol第一节肾一、 肾的形态肾kidney内侧缘medial border肾门renal hilum肾蒂renal pedicle肾窦renal sinus二、 肾的位置与毗邻肾区renal region三、 肾的被膜肌织膜 muscular tunica纤维囊fibrous capsule脂肪囊fatty renal capsule肾筋膜renal fascia肾前筋膜prerenal fascia肾后2筋膜retr

2、orenal fascia肾下垂nephroptosis四、 肾的结构肾皮质renal cortex肾髓质renal medulla肾小体renal corpuscles肾小管renal tubulus肾锥体renal pyramid肾乳头renal papillae肾小盏minor renal calices乳头孔papillary foramina肾柱renal column肾大盏major renal calices肾盂renal pelvis五、 肾段血管与肾段睾丸动脉testicular artery肾上腺中动脉middle suprarenal artery肾上腺动脉suprare

3、nal artery肾上腺静脉suprarenal vein 肾静脉renal vein肾动脉renal artery肾段动脉segmental artery肾段renal segment泛血管带zone devoid of vessel六、 肾的畸形与异常马蹄肾多囊肾polycystic kidney双肾盂及双输尿管单肾低位肾七、 肾移植的解剖学基础Murray(1956年)第二节、输尿管ureter输尿管腹部abdominal part of the ureter输尿管盆部pelvic part of the ureter输尿管壁内部intramural part of the urete

4、r输尿管全程3处狭窄：上狭窄superior stricture中狭窄middle stricture下狭窄inferior stricture第三节、膀胱urinary bladder膀胱的形态：膀胱尖apex of bladder脐正中韧带median umbilical ligament膀胱底fundus of bladder膀胱体body of bladder膀胱颈neck of bladder前列腺底base of prostate gland(male男性)盆膈pelvic diaphragm(female女性)膀胱的内面结构膀胱襞vesical plica输尿管口ureteric

5、 orifice尿道内口internal urethral orifice输尿管间襞interureteric fold膀胱三角trigone of bladder膀胱垂vesical uvula膀胱的位置和毗邻urinary incontinence膀胱前隙prevesical space耻骨前列腺韧带pubicoprostatic ligament静脉丛venous plexus直肠膀胱筋膜rectovesical fascia盆腔pelvic cavity膀胱脱垂cystoptosis尿失禁urinary incontinence第四节、尿道女性尿道female urethra尿道内口i

6、nternal urethral orifice尿道外口external urethral orifice尿道旁腺skeins gland生殖系统reproductive system第一节、男性内生殖器一、 睾丸testis白膜 tunica albuginea睾丸纵膈mediastinum testis睾丸小隔septula testis睾丸小叶lobules of testis精曲小管contorted seminiferous tubules精直小管straight seminiferous输出小管efferent ductules of testis二、 附睾epididymis三、

7、 输精管和射精管输精管ductus deferens输精管壶腹ampulla ductus deferentis精索spermatic cord射精管ejaculatory duct四、 精囊seminal vesicle五、 前列腺prostate六、 尿道球腺bulbourethral gland七、 精液spermatic fluid第二节、男性外生殖器一、 阴囊scrotum肉膜dartos coat阴囊中隔septum of scrotum睾丸鞘膜tunica vaginalis of testis精索外筋膜external spermatic fascia提睾肌cremaster精

8、索内筋膜internal spermatic fascia睾丸鞘膜鞘膜腔vaginal cavity二、 阴茎penis阴茎头glans penis尿道外口external orifice of urethra阴茎海绵体cavernous body of penis尿道海绵体cavernous body of urethra尿道球bulb of urethra阴茎包皮prepuce of penis包皮系带frenulum of prepuce阴茎悬韧带suspensory ligament of penis男性尿道male urethra前列腺部prostatic part尿道嵴 ureth

9、ral crest精阜seminal colliculus前列腺小囊prostatic utricle膜部membranous part海绵体部cavernous part尿道舟状窝navicular fossa of urethra第二节、女性内生殖器卵巢ovary卵巢门hilum of ovary卵巢的固定装置卵巢悬韧带suspensory ligament of ovary卵巢固有韧带proper ligament of ovary输卵管uterine tube输卵管子宫口uterine orifice of uterine tube输卵管腹腔口abdominal orifice of

10、uterine tube输卵管峡isthmus of uterine tube输卵管壶腹ampulla of uterine tube输卵管漏斗infundibulum of uterine tube输卵管伞fimbriae of uterine tube卵巢伞ovarian fimbria子宫uterus子宫形态子宫底fundus of uterus子宫颈neck of uterus子宫阴道部vaginal part of cervix子宫阴道上部supravaginal part of cervix子宫体body of uterus子宫角horn of uterus子宫峡isthmus o

11、f uterus子宫腔cavity of uterus子宫颈管canal of cervix of uterus子宫口orifice of uterus子宫位置膀胱子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch直肠子宫陷凹rectouterine pouch子宫固定装置子宫阔韧带broad ligament of uterus子宫圆韧带round ligament of uterus子宫主韧带cardinal ligament of uterus子宫骶韧带uterosacral ligament直肠子宫襞rectouterine fold阴道vagina阴道口vaginal orifice处女

12、膜hymen阴道穹fornix of vagina前庭大腺greater vestibular gland(bartholin腺)会阴perineum尿生殖区urogenital region肛区anal region肛提肌levator ani尾骨肌coccygeus肛门外括约肌sphincter ani externus尿生殖三角的肌浅层肌会阴浅横肌superficial transverse muscle of perineum球海绵体肌bulbocavernosus会阴中心腱(会阴体)perineal central tendon(perineal body)坐骨海绵体肌ischioc

13、avernosus深层肌会阴深横肌deep transverse muscle of perineum尿道括约肌sphincter of urethra尿道阴道括约肌urethrovaginal sphincter会阴筋膜坐骨肛门窝ischioanal fossa会阴浅筋膜(colles筋膜)superficial fascia of perineum盆膈下筋膜inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm盆膈上筋膜superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm盆膈pelvic diaphragm尿生殖膈下筋膜inferior fascia of

14、 urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈上筋膜superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm会阴浅隙superficial perineal space会阴深隙deep perineal space泌尿系统的外科疾病第五十一章 泌尿、男生殖系统外科检查和诊断第一节主要症状疼痛1、 肾和输尿管痛2、 膀胱痛3、 前列腺痛4、 阴囊痛排尿改变1、 尿频frequency2、 尿急urgency3、 尿痛dysuria4、 排尿困难difficulty of urination排尿踌躇urinary hesitancy费力straining尿线无力decre

15、ased force of urination滴沥dribbling5、 尿流中断interruption of urinary stream6、 尿潴留urinary retention7、 尿失禁incontinence8、 遗尿enuresis尿液改变1、 尿量2、 混浊尿晶体尿crystalluria磷酸盐尿phosphaturia脓尿pyuria乳糜尿chyluria3、 气尿pneumaturia4、 血尿hematuria肉眼血尿gross hematuria镜下血尿microscopic hematuria初始血尿initial hematuria终末血尿terminal he

16、maturia全程血尿total hematuria男性性功能症状勃起功能障碍erectile dysfunction,ED早泄premature血精hematospermia尿道分泌物urethral discharge第二节泌尿、男性生殖系统外科检查体检包茎phimosis包皮过长redundant prepuce包皮嵌顿paraphimosis实验室检查1、 尿细胞学urnary cytology2、 膀胱肿瘤抗原bladder tumor antigen ,BTA3、 前列腺特异性抗原prostate-specific antigen,PSA4、 流式细胞测定flour cytomet

17、ry ,FCM5、 导尿管urethral catheters6、 残余尿residual urine7、 尿道探条urethral sounds8、 膀胱尿道镜cystourethroscopy9、 输尿管和肾镜ureteroscopy and nephroscopy10、 尿流动力学urodynamics11、 前列腺细针穿刺活检meedle biopsy of the prostateX检查1、 尿路平片plain film of kidney-ureter-bladder,KUB2、 排泄性尿路造影(excretory urogram)(IVU)3、 逆行肾盂造影retrograde

18、pyelography4、 顺行肾盂造影antegrade pyelography5、 膀胱造影cystography6、 血管造影angiography7、 淋巴造影8、 精道造影9、 放射性核素显像radionuclide imaging第五十二章泌尿男生殖系统先性性畸行多囊肾蹄铁形肾肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻膀胱外翻尿道上裂尿道下裂先天性睾丸发育不全综合征Klinefelter syndrome隐睾丸症cryptorchidism异位睾丸ectopic testes睾丸固定术orchidopexy包皮环切术circumcision第五十三章泌尿系统损伤肾损伤renal trauma输尿管损伤输

19、尿管膀胱再吻合术ureteroneocystostomy自体肾移植autotransplantation of the kidney膀胱损伤耻骨上膀胱造瘘suprapubic cystostomy尿道损伤urethral injuries第五十四章泌尿男性生殖系统感染上尿路感染1、 急性肾盂肾炎acute pyelonephritis2、 肾积脓pyonephrosis3、 肾皮质多发性脓肿4、 肾周围炎perinephritis下尿路感染1、 急性细菌性膀胱炎acute bacterial cystitis2、 慢性细菌性膀胱炎chronic bacterial cystitis3、 尿道炎

20、urethritis淋球菌性尿道炎gonorrheal urethritis非淋菌性尿道炎男生殖系统感染1、 急性细菌性前列腺炎actue bacterial prostatitis2、 慢性前列腺炎chronic prostatitis前列腺痛prostatodynia3、 急性附睾炎epididymitis4、 慢性附睾炎第五十五章泌尿男生殖系统结核genitourinary tuberculosis链霉素streptomycin异烟肼isoniazid利福平rifampicin吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide第五十六章泌尿系统梗阻obstruction of urinary tract肾

21、积水hydronephrosis良性前列腺增生benign prostatic hyperplasia特拉唑嗪 terazosin哌唑嗪prazosin阿夫唑嗪alfazosin多沙唑嗪doxazosin坦索罗辛tamsulosin尿潴留retention of urine尿路结石urolithiasis肾结石renal calculi输尿管结石ureteral calculi膀胱结石vesical calculi尿道结石urethral calculi体外冲击波碎石extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL经皮肾镜取石或碎石术percutaneous

22、 nephrostolithotomy ,PCNL输尿管镜取石或碎石术ureteroscopic lithotomy or lithotripsy腹腔镜输尿管取石laparoscopic ureterolithotomy原发性膀胱结石primary vesical calculi第五十八章泌尿、男生殖系统肿瘤肾肿瘤tumor of kidney肾癌renal carcinoma肾母细胞瘤nephroblastoma肾盂肿瘤tumor of renal pelvis膀胱肿瘤tumor of bladder前列腺癌carcinoma of prostate睾丸肿瘤tumor of testis阴茎

23、癌carcinoma of penis精原细胞瘤seminoma非精原细胞瘤unseminoma第五十九章泌尿、男生殖系统的其他疾病肾下垂nephroptosis肾悬固定术nephropexy精索静脉曲张varicocle鞘膜积液hydrocele睾丸鞘膜积液testicular hydorcele精索鞘膜积液funicular hydrocele肾血管性高血压renovascular hypertension,RVH皮质醇症(Cushings syndrome)ACTH 依赖性皮质醇症 corticotropin-dependent Cushings syndrome非ACTH 依赖性皮质醇

24、症 corticotropin-independent Cushings syndrome异位皮质醇综合征ectopic corticotropic syndrome结节性肾上腺增生 nodular adrenal hyperplasia密妥坦 mitotane,O,P-DDD氨鲁米特aminoglutethimide美替拉酮metyrapone酮康唑ketoconazole赛庚啶cyproheptadine溴隐亭bromocryptine米非司酮mifepristone原发性醛固酮增多症primary hyperaldosteronism螺内酯(安体舒通)spironolactone氯胺吡咪

25、(阿米洛利)amiloride卡托普利captopril雷米普利ramipril硝苯地平nifedipine儿茶酚胺症1、 嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma2、 肾上腺髓质增生adrenal medulla hyperplasia儿茶酚胺catecholamine肾上腺转移癌adrenal metastasis第六十一章男性性功能障碍、不育和节育性欲libido阴茎勃起erection勃起障碍erectile dysfunction,ED丈夫精液人工授精artificial insemination with husbands semen,AIH体外授精胚胎移植技术in vitro

26、fertilization-embryo transfer ,IVF-ET卵胞浆内精子注射intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI供者精液人工授精artificial insemination with donors semen,AID泌尿系统疾病病理学肾单位nephron肾小球glomerulus毛细血管袢capillary tuft滤过膜filtering membrane1、 内皮细胞endothelial cell2、 肾小球基膜glomerular basement membrane,GBM致密层lamina densa内疏松层lamina rara

27、 interna外疏松层lamina rara externa层粘连蛋白laminin纤维连接蛋白fibronectin内动蛋白entactin网状超结构suprastructure3、 脏层上皮细胞visceral epithelial cell (足细胞podocyte)足突foot process滤过隙filtration slit滤过隙膜slit diaphragm4、肾小球系膜mesangium系膜细胞mesangial cell基膜样的系膜基质mesangial matrix肾球囊（鲍曼囊）Bowmans capsule第一节肾小球肾炎glomerulonephritis原发性肾小

28、球肾炎primary glomerulonephritis继发性肾小球肾炎secondary glomerular diseases遗传性肾炎hereditary nephritis循环免疫复合物性肾炎circulating immune complex nephritis内皮下沉积物subendothelial deposits基膜与足细胞之间(上皮下沉积物subepithelial deposits)原位免疫复合物性肾炎immune complex nephritis in situ抗肾小球基膜肾炎anti-GBM nephritisHeymann肾炎抗肾小球细胞抗体细胞免疫性肾小球肾炎补

29、体替代途径的激活肾小球损伤的介质mediators of glomerular injury补体白细胞介导的机制complement-leukocyte mediated mechanism基本病理改变1、 肾小球细胞增多hypercellularity2、 基膜增厚和系膜基质增多3、 炎性渗出和坏死4、 玻璃样变hyalinization和硬化sclerosis5、 肾小管和间质的改变临床表现1、 急性肾炎综合征acute nephritis syndrome2、 快速进行性肾炎综合征rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome3、 肾病综合征nephroti

30、c syndrome低蛋白血症hypoalbuminemia高脂血症hyperlipidemia脂尿lipiduria4、 无症状性血尿和蛋白尿asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria5、 慢性肾炎综合征chronic nephritic syndrome尿素氮blood urea nitrogen,BUN氮质血症azotemia尿毒症uremia肾小球肾炎的病理类型1、 急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎acute fiffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary prolifera

31、tive glomerulonephritis感染后肾小球肾炎postinfectious glomerulonephritis链球菌感染后性肾小球肾炎poststreptococcal GN非链球菌感染后性肾小球肾炎nonpoststreptococcal GN2、 快速进行性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,RPGN新月体crescent新月体性肾小球肾炎crescentic glomerulonephritis,CrGN肺出血肾炎综合征Goodpasture syndrome血浆除去法plasmapheresis免疫缺乏型pauci-

32、immune type抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody,ACNA3、 肾病综合征及相关的肾炎类型a) 膜性肾小球肾炎membranous glomerulonephritis膜性肾病membranous nephropathyb) 微小病变性肾小球肾炎minimal change golmerulonephritis脂性肾病lipoid nephrosisc) 局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,FSGd) 膜增生性肾小球肾炎membranoproliferative glomer

33、ulonephritis,MPGN系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritisC3肾炎因子 C3 nephritic factor,C3Nefe) 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis4、 IgA肾病IgA nephropathy5、 慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis第二节 肾小管间质性肾炎肾小管间质性肾炎 tubulointerstitial nephritis间质性肾炎interstitial nephritis肾盂肾炎pyelonephritis一、 急性肾盂肾炎acute pyelonephritis血源性感染（下行性）hematogenous or descending infection上行性感染ascending infection下尿路感染lower urinary tract infection膀胱输尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux肾内反流intrarena