美国文学复习资料+答案

1、1. TheAmericanTranscendentalistsformedaclubcalled. theTranscendentalClub 2. wasregardedasthefirstgreatprosestylistofAmericanromanticism.Washington Irving 3. Atnineteenpublishedinhisbrothersnewspaper,hisJonathanOldstyle satiresofNewYorklife. 4. InWashingtonIrvingsworkappearedthefirstmodernshortstorie

2、sandthe firstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature.TheSketchBook 5. ThefirstimportantAmericannovelistwas.JamesFenimoreCooper 6. JamesFenimoreCoopersnovelwasarousingtaleaboutespionageagainst theBritishduringtheRevolutionaryWar.TheSpy 7. ThebestofJamesFenimoreCooperssearomanceswas.ThePilot 8. ToaWaterfowlis

3、perhapsthepeakofswork;ithasbeencalledbyan eminentEnglishcritic“themostperfectbriefpoeminthelanguage.WilliamCullenBryant 9. wasthefirstAmericantogainthestatureofamajorpoetintheworld literature. 10. EdgarAllanPoespoemisperhapsthebestexampleofonomatopoeiainthe Englishlanguage.TheBells 11. EdgarAllanPoe

4、spoemwaspublishedin1845asthetitlepoemofa collection.TheRaven 12. FromHenryDavidThoreausConcordjailexperience,camehisfamousessay. CivilDisobedience Bythe1830sWashingtonIrvingwasjudgedthenationsgreatestwriter,aloftypositionhelatersharedwithJamesFenimoreCooperandWilliamCullenBryant. Intheearlynineteent

5、hcentury,theattitudeofAmericanwriterswasshapedbytheirNewWorldenvironmentandanarrayofideasinheritedfromtheromantictraditionofEurope. Asamoralphilosophy,transcendentalismwasneitherlogicalnorsystematical. ThefoundationofAmericannationalliteraturewaslaidbytheearlyAmericanromanticists. Atmid-19thcentury,

6、aculturalreawakeningbroughtafloweringofNewEngland. Romanticwritersinthe19thcenturyplacedincreasingvalueonthefreeexpressionofemotionanddisplayedincreasingattentiontothepsychicstatesoftheircharacters. Withavastgroupofsupportingcharacters,virtuousorvillainous,JamesFenimoreCoopermadetheAmericaconsciouso

7、fhispast,andmadetheEuropeanconsciousofAmerica. NootherAmericanpoeteversurpassedEdgarAllanPoesabilityintheuseofEnglishasamediumofpuremusicalandrhythmicbeauty. TheFalloftheHouseofUsherisoneofEdgarAllanPoesshortstories. RalphWaldoEmersonwasrecognizedastheleaderoftranscendentalistmovement,butheneverappl

8、iedthetermTranscendentalisttohimselfortohisbeliefsandideas. In1836,RalphWaldoEmersonpublishedhisfirstbook,Nature,whichmetwithamildreception. RalphWaldoEmersonsprosestylewassometimesashighlyindividualashispoetry. TheharshrhythmsandstrikingimagesofRalphWaldoEmersonspoetryappealtomanymodernreadersasart

9、fultechniques. HenryWadsworthLongfellowswritingsbelongtothemilderaspectsoftheRomanticMovement. Americanromanticismwasinawayderivative:AmericanromanticwritingwassomeofthemmodeledonEnglishandEuropeanworks. RalphWaldoEmersonsaestheticsbroughtaboutarevolutioninAmericanliteratureingeneralandinAmericanpoe

10、tryinparticular. HenryDavidThoreauwasanactiveTranscendentalist.Hewasbynomeansanescapistorarecluse,butwasintenselyinvolvedinthelifeofhisday. TheScarletLetterissetintheseventeenthcentury.ItisanelaborationofafactwhichtheauthortookoutofthelifeofthePuritanpast. 2. Transcendentalismtooktheirideasfrom. A.

11、theromanticliteratureinEurope B. neo-Platonism C. Germanidealisticphilosophy D. therevelationsoforientalmysticism ABCD 8. Transcendentalistsrecognizedasthehighestpoweroftheso.ul A. intuition 10. TranscendentalismappealedtothosewhodisdainedtheharshGodofthePuritanancestors,anditappealedtothosewhoscorn

12、edthepaledeityofNewEngland A.Transcendentalism B. Humanism C. Naturalism D.Unitarianism D 13. ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature,evidentin. A. JamesFenimoreCoopersLeatherstockingTales B. HenryDavidThoreausWalden C. MarkTwainsHuckleberryFin

13、n D. NathanielHawthornesTheScarletLetter ABC 14. Apreoccupationwiththedemonicandthemysteryofevilmarkedtheworksof,andahostoflesserwriters. A. NathanielHawthorne B. EdgarAllanPoe C. HermanMelville D. MarkTwain ABC 16. InthenineteenthcenturyAmerica,Romanticsoftensharedcertaingeneralcharacteristics.Choo

14、sesuchcharacteristicsfromthefollowing. A. moralenthusiasm B. faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception C. adorationforthenaturalworld D. presumptionaboutthecorrosiveeffectofhumansociety ABCD 17. ChooseWashingtonIrvingsworksfromthefollowing. A. TheSketchBook B. BracebridgeHall C. TalesofaT

15、raveller D. AHistoryofNewYork ABCD 18. InJamesFenimoreCoopersnovels,closeafterNattyBumppoinromanticappeal,comethetwonobleredmen.Choosethemfromthefollowing. A. theMohicanChiefChingachgook B. Uncas C.TomJones D.KublaKhan AB In1817,thestatelypoemcalledThanatopsisintroducedthebestpoettoappear inAmericau

16、ptothattime. A. EdwardTaylor B. PhilipFreneau C. WilliamCullenBryant D. EdgarAllanPoe CToaWaterfowlThanatopsis 21.Fromthefollowing,choosethepoemswrittenbyEdgarAllanPoe. A. ToHelen B. TheRaven C. AnnabelLee D. TheBells ABCD 23. EdgarAllanPoesfirstcollectionofshortstoriesis. D.TalesoftheGrotesqueandAr

17、abesque 24. Fromthefollowing,choosethecharacteristicsofRalphWaldoEmersonspoetry. A. beinghighlyindividual B. harshrhythms C. lackofformandpolish D. strikingimages ABCD 25. WhichbookisnotwrittenbyRalphWaldoEmerson? A. RepresentativeMen B. EnglishTraits C. Nature D. TheRhodora D 26. Whichessayisnotwri

18、ttenbyRalphWaldoEmerson? A. OfStudies B. Self-Reliance C. TheAmericanScholar D. TheDivinitySchoolAddress 30.NathanielHawthornesabilitytocreatevividandsymbolicimagesthatembodygreatmoralquestionsalsoappearsstronglyinhisshortstories.Choosehisshortstoriesfromthefollowing. A. YoungGoodmanBrown B. TheGrea

19、tStoneFace C. TheAmbitiousGuestABCD D. EthanBrand E. ThePearl 32. HermanMelvillecalledhisfriendNathanielHawthorneinAmerican literature. A.thelargestbrainwiththelargestheart 34. wasaromanticizedaccountofHermanMelvillesstayamongthePolynesians. ThesuccessofthebooksoonmadeMelvillewellknownasthemanwholiv

20、edamongcannibals.Typee 37. IntheearlynineteenthcenturyAmericanmoralvalueswereessentiallyPuritan.Nothinghasleftadeeperimprintonthecharacterofthepeopleasawholethandid. A.Puritanism TheuniverseiscomposedofNatureandthesoul.Spiritispresenteverywhere.ThisisthevoiceofthebookNaturewrittenbyEmerson,whichpush

21、edAmericanRomanticismintoanewphase,thephaseofNewEnglandTranscendentalism 43. WhichisgenerallyregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism? A.Nature 45. isanappallingfictionalversionofNathanielHawthornesbeliefthatthe wrongdoingofonegenerationlivesintothesuccessiveonesandthatevilwillcomeoutofevilth

22、oughitmaytakemanygenerationstohappen. A. TheMarbleFaun B. TheHouseofSevenGables C. TheBlithedaleRomance D. YoungGoodmanBrown B Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileipondered,weakandweary, Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore, WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping, Asofsomeonegentlyr

23、apping,rappingatmychamberdoor. Tissomevisitor,Imuttered,tappingatmychamberdoor Onlythis,andnothingmore. Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember, Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor. EagerlyIwishedthemorrow;vainlyIhadtriedtoborrow Frommybookssurceaseofsorrow-sorrowforthelost. E

24、dgarAllanPoe TheRaven Describethemoodofthispoem:Asenseofmelancholyoverthedeathofabelovedbeautifulyoungwomanpervadesthewholepoem,theportrayalofayoungmangrievingforhislostLeno-re,hisgriefturnedtomadnessunderthesteadyone-wordrepetitionofthetalkingbird. Work3:Nuture 1. AstheleadingNewEnglandTranscendent

25、alist,EmersoneffectedamostarticulatesynthesisoftheTranscendentalistviews.OnemajorelementofhisphilosophyifhisfirmbeliefinthetranscendenceoftheOversoul.Hisemphasisonthespiritrunsthroughvirtuallyallhiswritings.Philosophicallyconsidered,hestatesinNature,whichisgenerallyregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTran

26、scendentalism,theuniverseiscomposedofNatureandtheSoul.Heseestheworldasphenomenal,andemphasizestheneedforidealism,foridealismseestheworldinGod.Itbeholdsthewholecircleofpersonsandthings,ofactionsandevents,ofcountryandreligion,asonevastpicturewhichGodpaintsontheeternityforthecontemplationofthesoul.Here

27、gardsnatureasthepurest,andthemostsanctifyingmoralinfluenceonman,andadvocatedadirectintuitionofaspiritualandimmanentGodinnature.Inthisconnection,Emersonsemotionalexperiencesareexemplaryinmorewaysthanone.Aloneinthewoodsoneday,forinstance,heexperiencedamomentofecstasywhichherecordsthusinhisNature: 2. S

28、tandingonthebareground,myheadbathedbytheblitheairandupliftedintoinfinitespace,allmeanegotismvanishes.Ibecomeatransparenteyeball;Iamnothing;Iseeall;thecurrentsoftheUniversalBeingcirculatethroughme;IampartorparticleofGod. 3. Nowthisisamomentofconversionwhenonefeelscompletelymergedwiththeoutsideworld,w

29、henonehascompletelysunkintonatureandbecomeonewithit,andwhenthesoulhasgonebeyondthephysicallimitsofthebodytosharetheomniscienceoftheOversoul.Inaword,thesoulhascompletelytranscendedthelimitsofindividualityandbeomepartoftheOversoul.Emersonseesspiritpervadingeverywhere,notonlyinthesoulofman,butbehindnat

30、ure,throughoutnature.Theworldproceeds,asheobserves,fromthesamesourceasthebodyofman.TheUniversalBeingisinpointoffacttheOversoulthatheneverstoppedtalkingaboutfortherestofhislife.EmersonsdoctrineoftheOversoulisgraphicallyillustratedinsuchfamousstatements;EachmindlivesintheGrandmind,Thereinonemindcommon

31、toallindividualmen,andManisconsciousofauniversalsoulwithinorbehindhisindividuallife.Inhisopinion,manismadeintheimageofGodandisjustalittlelessthanHim.ThisisasmuchastosaythatthespiritualandimmanentGodisoperativeinthesoulofman,andthatmanisdivine.Thedivinityofmanbecame,incidentally,afavoritesubjectinhis

32、lecturesandessays. 4. Thisnaturallyledtoanother,equallysignificant,Transcendentalistthesis,thattheindividual,notthecrowd,isthemostimportantofall.Ifmandependsuponhimself,cultivateshimself,andbringsoutthedivineinhimself,hecanhoptobecomebetterandevenperfect.ThisiswhatEmersonmeansbytheinfinitudeofthepri

33、vatesman.Hetriedtoconvincepeoplethatthepossibilitiesformantodevelopandimprovehimselfareinfinite.Menshouldandcouldbeself-reliant.Eachmanshouldfeeltheworldashis,andtheworldexistsforhimalone.Heshoulddeterminehisownexistence.Everyoneshouldunderstandthathemakeshimselfbymakinghisworld,andthathemakesthewor

34、ldbymakinghimself.Knowthenthattheworldexistsforyouhesays.Buildthereforeyourownworld.Trustthyself!andMakethyself!Trustyourowndiscretionandtheworldisyours.Thus,asHenryNashSmithventurestosuggest,Emersonsmessagewaseventually(touseatelegraphicabbreviation)self-reliance.Emersonseyewasonmanashecouldbeorcou

35、ldbecome;hewasinthemainoptimisticabouthumanperfectibility.Theregenerationoftheindividualleadstotheregenerationofsociety.Hencehisfamousremark,Iaskfortheindividuals,notthenation.Emersonsself-reliancewasanexpression,onaveryhighlevel,ofthebuoyantspiritofhistime,thehopethatmancanbecomethebestpersonhecouldhopetobe.EmersonsTranscendentalism,withitsemphasisonthedemocraticindividualism,mayhaveprovidedanidealexplanationfortheconductanda