最新2015电大《药物治疗学》形成性考核册答案资料小抄

1、电大药物治疗学形成形考核册答案一、填空题1临床药物治疗学以 药理学 、 病理学 、 生理学 、 生物化学 和 分子生物学 等学科为重要基础。2要将血药浓度水平维持在治疗窗内应考虑两个因素：治疗窗的位置和高度，由药效学因素决定和血药浓度-时间曲线的形态特征、取决于药动学过程。3门诊普通处方门诊用量一般为 3日 量。慢性病一般不超过 2周  用量，最多不超过 一个月 量。4西米替丁和酮康唑合用，可使酮康唑生物利用度降低   60%   。5考来替泊可影响地高辛的吸收，主

2、要原因是：考来替泊 是阴离子交换树脂，对酸性分子（地高辛）有很强吸引力，影响吸收 。6硫喷妥钠和磺胺类药物合用，可使麻醉时间延长，主要原因是：  血浆蛋白置换    。药物的血浆蛋白结合率大于85% 时，出现相互作用的后果比较严重。7红霉素和地高辛合用，可产生 使地高辛血浆浓度增高一倍 结果。8正常的血液pH值为   7.4   ，肾病患者白蛋白含量仅为正常人的  2/3    。9特殊人群是指那三类人（1

3、） 妊娠和哺乳期妇女 ，（2） 新生儿、婴幼儿、儿童  ，（3）  老年人 。10妊娠妇女用药分类中，氟喹诺酮类属于 C   类，维生素C属于   A    类，阿托品属于   C 类。11癫痫大发作首选：  苯妥英钠 ，精神运动性发作首选：卡马西平，难治性癫痫首选： 非尔氨酯 。12溴隐亭治疗帕金森病的主要作用机理是：  透过血脑屏障进入中枢，直接兴奋锥体外系的多巴胺受体&#

4、160;         。13普通高血压患者的血压均应严格控制在   140/90mmHg以下   以下，糖尿病和肾病患者应控制在 130/80mmHg以下 以下。14支原体肺炎、肺炎支原体肺炎首选红霉素   治疗，肺炎链球菌肺炎首选  青霉素G   治疗。二、单项选择题 1. 治疗药物监测常用方法不包括 (  C  )A.HPLC &

5、#160;    B.酶免疫法       C.PCR         D.荧光偏振免疫法。2. 治疗窗上移可能导致(   C )A.药物浓度超过最低中毒浓度      B.药物浓度高于最低有效浓度C.需要适当增加药物用量          D.需要

6、适当延长给药间隔3对急性脑梗死患者，下列哪种情况不适于溶栓治疗( D ) A发病6小时以内               BCT证实无出血灶 C病人无出血素质               D头部CT出现低密度灶 4. 脑出血最常见的原因是(  

7、0;B ) A脑动脉炎    B高血压和脑动脉硬化    C血液病      D脑动脉瘤 5. 成年人高血压定义为，未用抗高血压药物情况下( C     )A. SBP140mmHg和DBP90mmHg       B. SBP130mmHg或DBP85mmHgC. SBP140mmHg和/或DBP90mmHg   

8、D. SBP130mmHg和/或DBP85mmHg6. 目前临床应用最多的降胆固醇为主的调脂药物为(  A   )A3羟3甲戊二酰辅酶A 还原酶抑制剂B贝特类          C烟酸类           D胆酸结合树脂7. 关于支气管哮喘急性发作期的治疗，错误的是( D      )A. 轻度发作时可口服

9、茶碱类药物。B. 中度发作时可联合吸入2受体激动剂和糖皮质激素。C. 轻、中度发作时吸入2受体激动剂和糖皮质激素未能控制症状，可加用白三烯受体拮抗剂口服。D. 重度或危重度发作时应该口服糖皮质激素类药物。8. 慢性粒细胞白血病常见的临床特征(  A    )A. 脾大        B. 发热         C. 头晕      

10、60;  D. 骨痛9. 缺铁性贫血的治疗后首先的反应( B      )A. Hb      B. 网织红细胞计数       C. 血清铁     D. 血清铁蛋白 10.下列哪项不是粒细胞减少的原因(  D    )A. 病毒感染    B. 免疫性疾病  

11、60; C. 白血病   D. 肾上腺糖皮质激素治疗后11.糖尿病肾病的临床分期中III期（早期肾病）UAER是(  B) A. 20ug/min(30mg/d)              B. 20-200ug/min(30-300mg/d)C. >200(300) ug/min(mg/d)          D. 以上都不对12

12、. 甲亢时甲状腺肿大看不到，但能触诊到，应为几度肿大？(   A    )A. I度          B. II度        C. III度        D. IV度13. 早期类风湿关节炎治疗下面哪条是错误的(  D   )A非甾体药物治疗 

13、0;                                  B慢作用药物C多关节病变及多系统损伤时用肾上腺糖皮质激素        D关节置换14. 非甾体药物治疗类风湿关节炎的主要作用机

14、理(  D )A.控制关节炎进展  B.促进软骨修复   C.降低RF滴度  D.抑制前列腺素的合成15. 重症系统性红斑狼疮的治疗首选(  B  )A.心理治疗    B.肾上腺糖皮质激素     C.非甾体药物    D.抗菌素预防感染16. 类风湿关节炎的临床特征有下列几项，哪一项不是(   B   )A.近端指间关节肿胀 

15、0; B.远端指间关节肿胀   C.掌指关节肿胀  D.腕关节肿胀17针对巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染，下列哪一个药物作为首选？(  B   )A. 无环鸟苷         B.更昔洛韦          C. IFN-        D. 病毒唑18. 有关抗病毒药物的合理应用，

16、下列哪一项可不考虑？(   D   )A.宿主免疫状态对抗病毒治疗的重要性      B.抗病毒治疗的时机和药物的选择C.抗病毒药物的联合治疗                  D.药物的价格19. 有关病毒性疾病与抗病毒药物的选择，下列哪一项配对是不正确的？( B  )A.慢性乙型肝炎-拉米夫定&

17、#160;   B.慢性丙型肝炎-阿德福韦酯C.疱疹病毒感染-无环鸟苷            D.HIV-AZT  20. 氰化物中毒治疗不可选择以下那些药物(   D    )A. 亚硝酸异戊酯    B. 3亚硝酸钠     C. 50硫代硫酸钠    D. 5亚甲

18、蓝21.关于巴比妥类药物中毒以下错误的是(  B  )A. 低剂量巴比妥类药物能降低神经递质突触后的兴奋性，亦可能减少递质的释放B. 巴比妥类药物主要阻断脑干网状结构上行激活系统，没有剂量-效应关系C. 治疗主要以排出毒物和对症治疗为主D. 常用的药物有尼可刹米、贝美格、呋塞米、甘露醇等22. 关于有机磷农药中毒以下那些是正确的(  D     )A. 有机磷农药进入体内主要抑制胆碱酯酶的活力B. 急性中毒可分为轻、中、重三级，其中重度中毒血液胆碱酯酶活力30以下C常用解救药物有阿托品和胆碱酯酶

19、复活剂如氯解磷定、碘解磷定等D氯解磷定、碘解磷定等肟类化合物能使老化的磷酰化胆碱酯酶恢复活力23. 河豚毒素中毒的特效解毒药有(  D   )A. 阿托品         B. 阿扑吗啡      C. 1硫酸铜     D. 无特效解毒药24处方开具不正确的是(   D )A每张处方不得超过5种药品B门诊处方一般不得超过7日用量，急诊处方一般不得

20、超过3日用量C为门、急诊患者开具的麻醉药品注射剂，每张处方为一次常用量；控缓释制剂，每张处方不得超过7日常用量；其他剂型，每张处方不得超过3日常用量D第二类精神药品一般每张处方不得超过10日常用量25.老年重症感染患者，采用1.0  Q8h的给药方式静脉滴注万古霉素，测得血药浓度为50µg/ml，万古霉素的治疗浓度应<30µg/ml，根据稳态一点法，每天总给药剂量应(   A    )A. <1.8 g       

21、; B. >1.8 g        C. <0.6 g        D. > 2.0 g 26.  脑血栓形成最常见的病因是 (  B     )A 高血压病     B脑动脉粥样硬化   C 各种脑动脉炎    D 血压偏低27.  脑出血的内科疗法中，最

22、重要是( C  )A 降低血压             B 控制出血        C 控制脑水肿，预防脑疝D 加强护理，注意水与电解质平衡28. 关于慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性发作期的治疗，错误的是(   B  )A. 控制感染，可选择大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类、头孢菌素类等B. 祛痰止咳，常选择强有力的镇咳药，以保证患者休息C. 解痉

23、平喘，可选择2受体激动剂和口服糖皮质激素等D. 改善缺氧，常采用1-2L/min的流量吸氧29非甾体类抗炎药的镇痛作用机制是由于(   A   )A抑制前列腺素的生成            B促进前列腺素的释放C阻断C纤维传导                D使疼痛感受体敏感性下降30下列

24、不属于处方前记内容的是( B)A医院名称     B药品名称       C科别        D患者名称31. 急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗的适应证是(   B )A. 相邻2个或更多导联ST段压低    B. 提示AMI病史，伴左束支传导阻滞C. 起病时间12h       

25、;               D. 年龄75岁32. 类抗心律失常药物为动作电位延迟剂，包括(  A)A. 胺碘酮索他洛尔              B. 胺碘酮美托洛尔C. 胺碘酮维拉帕米         

26、     D. 胺碘酮地尔硫卓33. 肺炎的特异性病原学治疗，正确的是(   C )A肺炎链球菌肺炎可首选头孢他定；B病原菌为耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）肺炎可选择氟喹诺酮类药物；C军团菌肺炎可首选红霉素，或同时联合应用利福平口服；D肺炎支原体肺炎，红霉素是首选药物，使用疗程710天；34.下列哪项不是急性白血病的常见浸润的临床表现（ C ） A. 发热       B. 牙龈肿胀   

27、   C. 绿色瘤       D. 皮下结节   35诊断糖尿病时，空腹和服糖后2小时分别为多少mmol/L(  A  )A. 7.0和 11.1              B. <6.0和 7.8-11.0  C. 6.1-6.9和<7.8   

28、0;            D. 6.1-6.9和<7.836. 常见的治疗胃癌的新一代药物有(    A      )A. 紫杉醇      B. 顺铂         C. 5-FU        D

29、. 阿霉素37氨基糖苷类与注射用第几代头孢菌素合用时可能增加肾毒性( A    )A第一代头孢菌素类            B第二代头孢菌素类C第三代头孢菌素类            D第四代头孢菌素类38.服药后，进入血液的药物呈现活性状态的是(   A  )A游离状

30、态       B络合状态       C吸附状态       D复合状态39下列关于老年患者用药基本原则叙述不正确的是( B   )A可用可不用的药以不用为好        B宜选用缓、控释药物制剂     C用药期间应注意食物的选择  

31、      D尽量简化治疗方案40. 17、 下属于A型不良反应的是(   C  ) A、 特异质反应            B、 变态反应         C、 副作用  D、 由于病人肝中N-乙酰基转移酶活性低而使用异烟肼引起的多发性神经病三、名词解释1用药依从性 ：患者按医

32、嘱服药的符合程度。2. 医院获得性肺炎（HAP）：医院获得性肺炎（HAP） 患者入院时不存在，也不处于感染潜伏期，而入院48H后在医院内发生的肺炎。3治疗窗：药物治疗中，最低中毒浓度和最低有效浓度之间的范围。4药物经济学：为控制药品费用的不合理增长提供的一种可借鉴的方法。5. 治疗药物监测：通过测定血药浓度观察药物的临床效果，根据药代动力学原理，从而使治疗达到理想效果的一种测量。6后遗效应：停药后仍残留在体内的低于最有效治疗浓度的药物所引起的药物反应。7药物对胎儿影响分类的C类 ：指在动物实验证实对胎仔有致畸或杀胚胎作用，但在人类缺乏研究和事实。8高血压 ：以体循环血压升高为主要临床表现的综合

33、征，分为原发性高血压和继发性高血压。9药物不良反应 ：合格药品在正常用量时出现的与用药目的无关的或意外的有害反应。10社区获得性肺炎(CAP)：在社区环境中患的感染性肺炎，肺炎链球菌占54-70%。1、药物不良反应P31合格药品在正常用法用量下出现的与用药目的无关的或意外的有害反应。2、药物不良事件 P31药物治疗期间所发生的任何不利的事件，该事件并非一定与该药治疗有因果关系，不良事件与用药时间有关联，但因果关系并不确定。3、严重药物不良事件 P31凡在药物治疗期间出现下列情形之一的称为严重不良事件：1，死亡；2，立即威胁生命；3，导致持续性的或明显的残疾或机能不全；4，导

34、致先天异常或缺陷；5，引起身体损害而导致住院治疗或延长住院时间。4、循证医学 P35循证医学即遵循证据的医学，即在维护患者健康过程中，主动地、明确地、审慎地应用目前最佳的证据作出决策。5、合理用药 P39应用医学和药学等相关学科知识，按照安全、有效、适时和经济的用药原则实施药物治疗，即在整个药物治疗过程中要选用正确的药物、正确的药物治疗途径、正确的药物剂量、正确的用法、正确的疗程。6、妊娠用药危险分级 P26，P56美国食品药品管理局（FDA）对部分药物的妊娠妇女治疗获益和胎儿潜在危险性进行了评估，将药物分为5类，分别用A、B、C、D、X5个字母表示。在妊娠期，A

35、类和B类可安全使用；C类在权衡利弊后慎重使用；D类和X类则避免使用。7、慢性疼痛 P74持续3个月以上的疼痛定义为慢性疼痛，可导致患者产生抑郁和焦虑，严重影响生活质量；主要包括慢性癌痛和非癌痛。8、规范化疼痛处理  P76是近年来倡导的镇痛治疗新观念，其目的在于缓解疼痛、改善功能、提高生活质量控制疼痛的目标：数字评估法的疼痛强度<3或达到0；24小时内突发疼痛次数<3次；24小时内需要解救药的次数<3次。9、癌痛 P78是指由癌症、癌症相关性病变及抗癌治疗所致的疼痛，常为慢性疼痛，是癌症患者的常见症状。10、医疗用毒性药品 P

36、94指毒性剧烈、治疗剂量和中毒剂量相近，使用不当会致人中毒或死亡的药品。四、简答题1. 患者药物治疗不依从的主要类型及常见原因   类型：不按处方取药；不按医嘱取药；提前终止用药；不当的自行用药；重复就诊。    原因：疾病因素；患者因素；医药人员因素；药物因素；给药方案因素。2. 哪些情况下须进行治疗药物监测？   治疗指数窄，毒副作用大且不易辨识的药物。    个体间血药浓度变化较大的药物。    具有非线性动力学特征的药物。   

37、 肝肾功能不良的患者使用主要经肝肾代谢、排泄的药物    长期使用可能蓄积的药物。    合并用药产生相互作用而影响疗效的药物。    常规剂量下易出现毒性反应的药物或诊断。3缺血性脑血管病的治疗原则   严格卧床：保持安静、避免情绪激动，头高位不超过30°。    严密监察生命特征：注意瞳孔大小和意识状态等变化。    保持呼吸通畅：必要时吸氧。    积极控制高热和抽搐。适当调高血压

38、。防止继发性感染和加强护理。维持营养，注意水电解质平衡。4. 老年人的用药原则   药物选择：明确指标，减少药物种类，恰当选择药物及剂型，小剂量开始逐渐增加至最佳剂量。    给药方案应个性化。    恰当联合给药。    掌握用药最适时间，疗程不宜过长，长期用药应定期随防。控制嗜好与饮食，减少和控制应用补养药。提高对用药的依从性。5急性左心衰的药物治疗一般治疗：坐位、吸痰、吗啡注射    利尿药：可选用呋塞米注射    血管

39、扩张药：首选硝普钠    洋地黄类氨茶碱其他，可选用糖皮质激素。6. 药物过度治疗和治疗不足的原因  过度治疗：患者求医心切                   虚假广告误导                 &

40、#160; 医师保护性过度用药                   医疗事业追求利益医药企业的不正确营销    治疗不足： 患者对疾病的认识不足，依从性差                   患者缺少医疗保障&

41、#160;                  国家基本政策不完善                   医师太注重药物有害的一面医师缺乏用药知识 1、临床药物治疗方案制订的基本过程？P41）、明确临床诊断，对症选择治疗；2）、确定治疗目标，选

42、择治疗方案；3）、分析患者情况，细化治疗方案；4）根据药物特点，调整治疗方案；5）制订治疗方案，实施教育方案；6）监测临床反应，修订治疗方案。2、抗菌药物治疗性和预防性应用的基本原则？ P48治疗性应用原则：1，要有明确的适应证，即初步诊断为细菌或真菌、结核分枝杆菌、支原体、衣原体等病原微生物感染者，方可应用抗菌药物；2，及时进行病原学检查，开始抗感染治疗前先留取相应标本送微生物培养；3、根据药物的抗菌作用特点及体内特点选药；4、结合病情、病原菌种类、抗菌药物特点制订抗菌药物治疗方案。预防性应用原则：内科领域的预防性应用原则：1、若预防用药的目的在于预防一种或两种特定病原菌入侵体内引

43、起的感染，可能有效；如目的在于防止任何细菌入侵，则往往无效；2、预防在一段时间内发生的感染可能有效，长期预防用药常不能达到目的；3、患者原发疾病可以治愈或缓解者，预防用药可能有效；4、通常不宜常规预防性应用抗菌药物的情况：普通感冒、麻疹、水痘等病毒性疾病，昏迷、休克、中毒、心力衰竭、肿瘤、应用肾上腺皮质激素等患者。外科领域的预防性应用：根据手术野有否污染或污染可能，决定是否预防应用抗菌药物，I类清洁切口大多无需使用抗生素，预防性应用主要用于II类及部分污染较轻的III类切口。3、癌痛药物治疗的原则？ P78根据WHO癌痛三阶梯止痛治疗指南，癌症疼痛药物治疗应遵循五项基本原则：1）、首

44、选无创给药途径；2）、按阶梯给药，根据疼痛程度由轻到重按顺序选择不同强度的镇痛药物，轻度疼痛：首选NSAIDs，中度疼痛，首选弱阿片类，可合用NSAIDs，重度疼痛，首选强阿片类，可合用NSAIDs，三阶梯镇痛用药的同时可根据病情合用辅助用药；3）、按时给药；4）、个体化给药；5）、注意密切监护。三、论述题：病例：患者，男，46岁，左侧肢体无力3小时。患者3小时前在日常活动中突然出现左侧上肢无力，逐渐加重至不能抬起，当时无意识障碍、口角歪斜、流涎、头痛、头晕、视物模糊、恶心、呕吐、吞咽困难及饮水呛咳。急诊查体示左侧肢体肌力IV级，针刺觉减退，头颅CT未见明显异常。患高血压3年，血压最高160/

45、100mmHg，未曾服药治疗。吸烟十余年，每日一包。喜饮酒，每日平均白酒1两。父母健在。无家族遗传病史。体格检查：身高172cm，体重97kg，血压160/110mmHg，神清语利，双侧瞳孔等大等圆，直径在3mm，对光反射灵敏，眼球运动自如，面纹对称，伸舌偏左，无声音嘶哑及吞咽困难，左上肢体轻偏瘫试验（+），右侧肢体正常。双侧肢体肌张力正常，左侧指鼻、跟膝胫试验稍差，双侧腱反射正常，左巴氏征（+）、感觉系统检查未见明显异常，颈软无抵抗，凯尔尼格征（-），布鲁津斯基征（-）。头颅CT未见明显异常，头颅MRI：右侧基底节脑梗塞。实验室检查：凝血四项均正常。讨论：请给出治疗方案，并做详细解释。治疗方

46、案：首先要明确诊断：脑梗塞，高血压，肥胖症。一、一般治疗：保持安静，卧床休息；控制血压，可选用钙离子拮抗剂如氨氯地平等药物作为一线药，因为既往不曾进行降压治疗，可小量开始应用降压药物，观察疗效，及时调整。患者体重指数为32.7，诊断为肥胖症，需给予低盐低脂饮食，同时积极进行康复锻炼，增加热量消耗。二、溶栓治疗：患者诊断为脑梗死，发病时间在3小时内，凝血功能正常，无溶栓禁忌证，应积极溶栓治疗。可选用尿激酶或重组人组织纤维溶解酶原激活剂，如选用后者，可单独使用，三、抗凝或抗血小板治疗：溶栓后需防止血栓复发。可选择抗凝药物如：肝素、低分子肝素、华法林等药物；或抗血小板药物治疗，可通过抑制血小板聚集，

47、预防脑缺血发作，宜选用阿斯匹林、噻氯匹定或氯吡格雷。四、脑保护治疗：1、扩容治疗：降低血液粘度，改善缺血区血液循环，可选用10%右旋糖酐；2、血管扩张剂：可选用钙离子拮抗剂如尼莫地平、桂利嗪等扩张血管，改善缺血区血循环。3、脑梗死后出现缺血性脑水肿，如有明显的脑水肿，可选用20%甘露醇降颅压。五、尽早开始康复训练。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Shanghais Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the citys history. Zhou Wenting travels t

48、his storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became fa

49、mous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghais other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the i

50、nland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travele

51、rs were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to c

52、lean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the citys history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in peoples living condi

53、tions. Where the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former of

54、fice of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the wo

55、rld get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Wai

56、tanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing

57、Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissance style. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a rai

58、sed terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a café where dinner and afternoon tea are available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient tr

59、ees.Yuanmingyuan Road behind the complex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Tod

60、ay, it is a popular location for commercial fashion photo shoots. New Tianan Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the

61、 concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of ro

62、mance There is perhaps no other place thats more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot of movies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu Rive

63、r. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout

64、the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but t

65、he bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built

66、 over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists a

67、nd turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. "Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because its the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. Its like a family tradition," says Wang Xuef

68、en, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an o

69、verpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. "Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is n

70、ext to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle," says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories we

71、re set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but also pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. "Suzhou Creek in my memory is dark and smelly. I used to go to the riverbank to wat

72、ch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little girl. We didnt know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall," says Huang Qi, a 57-year-old Shanghai resident. "So the residential houses along the creek were unpopular, and only migrants with low in

73、comes would live in that area," she says. However, things have changed. The plants were closed and turned into riverside parks and the apartments in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous

74、 former Saint Johns University, Chinas first-ever modern institution of higher education established by missionaries from the United States in 1879. The buildings combine Chinese and Western elements. Address: 1575 Wanhangdu Road, Changning district The old residential area After you leave the university from its east gate you will enter a shabby neighborhood that retains its original look. The alleys are narrow and the houses are overcrowded. Some things have not changed for many generatio