《Unit1 Penfriends》课件初中英语牛津上海版八年级上册

1、*encyclopaedia n. 百科全书百科全书 p.1human adj. 人的人的 p.1dinosaur n. 恐龙恐龙 p.1* Italian n. 意大利人意大利人 p.2inventor n. 创造家创造家p.3musician n. 音乐家音乐家 p.3scientist n. 科学家科学家 p.3born v. (be born)出生出生 p.3countryside n. 乡村；农村乡村；农村 p.3intelligence n. 才智；智慧才智；智慧 p.3*artistic adj. 有艺术天赋的有艺术天赋的 p.3ability n. 才能；能力才能；能力 p.3

2、perhaps adv. 可能；大概可能；大概 p.3invention n. 创造创造 p.3notebook n. 笔记本笔记本 p.3include v. 包括；包含包括；包含 p.3even adv. 强调出乎意料甚至强调出乎意料甚至 p.3however adv. 然而然而 p.3suddenly adv. 突然；突然突然；突然 p.3nobody pron. 没有人没有人 p.3*fossil n. 化石化石 p.3in the countrysidehuman beingdie outlook up from an early age在乡村；在农村在乡村；在农村人人灭绝；消失灭绝

3、；消失查阅查阅 从很小的时候开始从很小的时候开始in the worldfor exampleas . as learn aboutat school在世界上在世界上例如例如与与一样一样了解了解在学校；在求学在学校；在求学根据中文意思完成句子。根据中文意思完成句子。1. 他是那个岛上唯一的人类。 He is the only _ _ on that island.2. 科学家们说这种植物在一个世纪前灭绝 了。 Scientists said that this plant _ _ a century ago.3. 我喜欢在乡间漫步。 I enjoy walking _ _ _.human be

4、ing died out in the countryside You are going to read two short articles from an encyclopaedia. Before you start, try the quiz below. Circle the correct answers. There can be more than one answer.1. Leonardo da Vinci was a(n) _. a. painter b. engineer c. cook2. Leonardo da Vinci was _. a. French b.

5、English c. Italian a. b c3. Leonardo da Vinci painted _.a. Sunflowers b. The Last Supper c. Impression, Sunrise b4. Today you can find dinosaurs _. a. in zoos b. in museums c. everywhere 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Dinosaurs once lived on Earth. b. All dinosaurs were very bi

6、g. c. Some dinosaurs could fly. b b 列昂纳多达芬奇1452年4月15日1519年5月2日，又译莱昂纳多达芬奇、李奥纳多达芬奇，是意大利文艺复兴时期的一个博学者：除了是画家，他还是雕刻家、建筑师、音乐家、数学家、工程师、创造家、解剖学家、地质学家、制图师、植物学家和作家。他的天赋或许比同时期的其他人物都高，这使他成为文艺复兴时期人文主义的代表人物，也使得他成为文艺复兴时期典型的艺术家，也是历史上最著名的画家之一，与米开朗基罗和拉斐尔并称文艺复兴三杰。小行星3000被命名为“列奥纳多。列昂纳多列昂纳多达达芬奇芬奇Here are two articles fro

7、m an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.

8、His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)Mona LisaaDinosaursDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years befor

9、e human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all d

10、ied out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history)b1. What is the painting in Picture a? Who painted it? 2. What are the animals in Picture b? What do you know about them? Look at the pictures and the titles of the articles on page 3. Then answer the

11、questions below.The Mona Lisa. Leonardo da Vinci painted it.Dinosaurs.There are many different kinds of dinosaurs living on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly , they all died out.1. When somebody is born , he / she _. a. comes out of his / her mothers body b. goes to see a doctor

12、c. leaves his / her parents2. Bennys grandparents live in the countryside. They live_ the city. a. inside b. outside c. in the centre ofC1.The words in italics are from the two articles on page 3. Circle the correct answers to complete these sentences.ab3. Birds have a musical ability. They _ sing.

13、a. can b. cannot c. are happy to 4.The book includes some beautiful photos. These photos are _ the book. a. part of b. at the end of c. connected to5. A human being is a(n)_ a. animal b. machine c. personaac When I was young, I used to keep a (1)_. I wrote many poems and drew many pictures of differ

14、ent (2)_ in it. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream. Now I am a famous (3)_ and I do many important things. (4)_ , my journey began when I was at school, with my studies, and my poems and pictures. I was a student just like you. (5)_ you will do something important or (6)_ be

15、come famous one day. Just remember to think and to dream.even however invention notebook perhaps scientistC2.Complete the article below with the words from the box . Change their forms if necessary.notebookinventionsscientistHoweverPerhapsevenD1. Below are some notes about the encyclopaediaarticles

16、on page3, but some of the facts are wrong. Read the articles and correct the notes if necessary. 1. Da Vinci, Leonardo a. He lived from 1425 to 1519. b. He was born in the city. c. He showed great artistic ability from an early age. d. He is famous for his paintings and books.1452countrysideinventio

17、nswas an .inventor ,.,and.was born . .,he showed .and .ability.As he ., he learnt to do.His paitings are., and the one , ., is perhaps .He also had many. For example, his notebooks include .of .2. Dinosaurs a. They lived on Earth more than 60 thousand years before human beings. b. Some were small; o

18、thers were huge. c. All of them ate meat. d. Some died out lionSome They allDinosaurs lived on before human beingsThey lived Some dinosaurs were others were some could.Many dinosaurs ate however, some.Dinosaurs lives,then, they all, nobody however , we can learn about .1. Who was Leonard

19、o da Vinci? He was _.2. What is his most famous painting? It is _.3. What did dinosaurs eat? Many of them ate _. Some liked to eat _.D2.Read the articles again and complete the answers to the questions below .an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientistthe Mona Lisaplants meat 4. H

20、ow long did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared? They lived on Earth for _.5. How can we learn about dinosaurs today? We can learn about them _.more than 150 million yearsfrom their fossils1. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 达达芬奇在乡下出生。芬奇在乡下出生。be born 意为意为“出生出生，其中动词，其中动词be通常通常用用was或者

21、或者were。be born 后可接形容词，名词后可接形容词，名词或介词短语，其所表达的意思也不同。或介词短语，其所表达的意思也不同。be born + adj. / n. 意为意为“生来生来。例如：。例如：玛丽生来就很幸福。玛丽生来就很幸福。Mary was born happy.汤姆生为英国人。汤姆生为英国人。Tom was born English. be born + in / on 意为意为“出生在出生在，例如：，例如：他出生在广州。他出生在广州。He was born in Guangzhou. be born + to / in / into 意为意为“降生到降生到 ，多指降生到

22、某家庭。例如：多指降生到某家庭。例如：1867年，居里夫人出生在一个教师家庭。年，居里夫人出生在一个教师家庭。In 1867, Madam Curie was born to / in / into a teachers family.2. For example, his notebooks include someinteresting drawings of flying machines. 例如，他的笔记本里包含了一些有趣的飞行例如，他的笔记本里包含了一些有趣的飞行器的图画。器的图画。include 是及物动词，意为是及物动词，意为“包括；包含，侧包括；包含，侧重被包括者只是整体的一局

23、部。例如：重被包括者只是整体的一局部。例如：这价钱包括邮费在内。这价钱包括邮费在内。 The price includes the postage.她的爱好包括画画和跳舞。她的爱好包括画画和跳舞。Her hobbies include painting and dancing.including 除了是除了是 include 的非谓语动词之外，还可作的非谓语动词之外，还可作作介词，后面常接名词或代词构成介宾短语，意思作介词，后面常接名词或代词构成介宾短语，意思是是“包括包括在内。在内。including 一般用在逗号后面，或者是冒号前面，有一般用在逗号后面，或者是冒号前面，有时也可以放在句子中

24、间。例如：时也可以放在句子中间。例如：1. 有很多不同种类的月饼，包括水果、咖啡和冰有很多不同种类的月饼，包括水果、咖啡和冰皮月饼。皮月饼。There are many different kinds of mooncakes, including fruit, coffee and ice. 2. 这一组是由五个人组成的，包括两名女性。这一组是由五个人组成的，包括两名女性。This group is made up of 5 people, including 2 women.选用include或including填空，并注意其形式。1. There are 10 people _ you.

25、2. I find that now the plan _ most of my suggestions.3. They have many pets, _ three dogs.4. Our book _ 8 units. We may learn 2 units in a month.includingincludesincludingincludes3. For example, his notebooks include someinteresting drawings of flying machines. 例如，他的笔记本里包含了一些有趣的飞行例如，他的笔记本里包含了一些有趣的飞行

26、器的图画。器的图画。for example 后面要有逗号。一般举同类人或后面要有逗号。一般举同类人或物中物中“一个为例。用于句首，句中，句末均可。一个为例。用于句首，句中，句末均可。such as 后面不可有逗号。一般列举同类人或事物中后面不可有逗号。一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。用于句中。的几个例子。用于句中。1. 比方，我在阅读方面有困难。比方，我在阅读方面有困难。For example, I have trouble in reading.2. 他喜欢吃水果，比方苹果，梨，香蕉。他喜欢吃水果，比方苹果，梨，香蕉。He likes eating fruit such as apples

27、, pears andbananas. 4. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了六千多在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了六千多 万年。万年。more than 超出；多于=over200多名学生读过这本书。多名学生读过这本书。More than 200 students have read this book.玛丽已经学习了玛丽已经学习了2000多词汇。多词汇。Mary has learnt more than 2000 words.5. Some dino

28、saurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. 一些恐龙像小鸡一样小，其他的像十头大象一样大。【句型一】some others 意为“一些另一些这里的others不是特指剩余的全部，而是指剩余中的一些，可能还有其他剩余的。somethe others 意为“一些其余的，这里的“其余的，指的是剩余的全部。1. 一些人在唱歌，另一些人在跳舞。一些人在唱歌，另一些人在跳舞。可能还有其他人在做别的事情。可能还有其他人在做别的事情。Some people are singing. Others are danci

29、ng.2. 一些人在唱歌，剩下的所有人在跳舞。一些人在唱歌，剩下的所有人在跳舞。Some people are singing. The others aredancing.【句型二】【句型二】asas 意为意为“和和一样一样，表示同级，表示同级比较。使用时要注意第一个比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二为副词，第二个个as为连词。常用根本结构为：为连词。常用根本结构为：as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否认结构为：其否认结构为：not as / so + adj. / adv. + as1. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。This film is

30、as interesting as that one.2. 这本字典没有那本字典厚。这本字典没有那本字典厚。This dictionary is not as / so thick as that one.6. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. 然而，有些恐龙喜欢吃肉。然而，有些恐龙喜欢吃肉。however在本句是副词，意为在本句是副词，意为“然而；但是，可位然而；但是，可位于于句首、句中或句末。位于句首时，通常用逗号与句句首、句中或句末。位于句首时，通常用逗号与句子的其他局部分开；位于句中时，通常在其前、后子的其他局部分开；位于句中时，通常

31、在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于句末时，那么必须在其前加逗号。各加一个逗号；位于句末时，那么必须在其前加逗号。例如：例如：但是，我们现在不需要做那个。但是，我们现在不需要做那个。However, we dont need to do that now.然而，垃圾只是环境污染的一个方面。然而，垃圾只是环境污染的一个方面。Rubbish, however, is only part of environmental pollution.这次表演不错。不过，它还可以更好。这次表演不错。不过，它还可以更好。The performance is good. It can be better, however

32、.but也表示语义上的转折，但but总是位于它所引出的分句之首。but与其前面的分句可用或不用逗号分开，并且but 之后一般不使用逗号。例如：他喜欢运动，但是他的妻子喜欢音乐。他喜欢运动，但是他的妻子喜欢音乐。He likes sports, but his wife likes music.7. Nobody knows why. 没有人知道为什么。nobody = not .anybody nobody 作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式没有人喜欢他。没有人喜欢他。Nobody likes him.他在屋子里没看到有人。他在屋子里没看到有人。He saw nobody in the room.8

33、. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook. 在我小的时候，我常带着一本笔记本。在我小的时候，我常带着一本笔记本。used to 意为意为“过去常常，后接动词原形，表示过去常常，后接动词原形，表示“过过去去常常做某事或常常做某事或“过去所处的状态，隐含现在不再过去所处的状态，隐含现在不再如如此之意。此之意。其否认形式为其否认形式为didnt use to do .，疑问句句式为疑问句句式为Did .use to do .？我爸爸以前抽烟抽得很凶。在得病之后他戒烟了。我爸爸以前抽烟抽得很凶。在得病之后他戒烟了。My father used to s

34、moke a lot. After he got sick, hegave up smoking. 我以前不经常早起。我以前不经常早起。 I didnt use to get up early. 莫妮卡以前常在月末前就把所有的钱都花光吗？莫妮卡以前常在月末前就把所有的钱都花光吗？Did Monica use to spend all her money before theend of the month? 与used to do sth 结构相似的两个句型：be used to do sth意为“被用于做某事；be used to doing sth 意为“习惯做某事例如：竹子可以用来做家具

35、。 Bamboo can be used to make furniture.蒂娜在半年后适应了生活在广州。Tina was used to living in Guangzhou after half a year. 1.What else do you know about Leonardo da Vinci?2.Why did the dinosaurs die out suddenly?D3.Discuss and answer the questions below with your classmates.一、根据句意和所给的首字母填空。一、根据句意和所给的首字母填空。1. P_ you are right, but we dont know for sure.2. The South China Sea Islands i_ over 200 islands.3. What a hot day! The weather report says it will be e_ hotter tomorrow.4. Its raining hard. H_ , I still want to go there.5. I knocked at the door, but n_answered. Maybe they were allerhapsnclude