英语国家概况(修订版)Chapter 14

1、CanadaCanada GeographyIHistoryIICONTENT Geography 1.2 Geographic Regions and Climate 1.1 Location and Size 1.3 Major Cities v1. Which of the following descriptions is correct about Canada?pthe second largest country in the world plocated in the North American continent pAtlantic in the east, Pacific

2、 in the west, Arctic Ocean to the north pshare land borders with the United States to the south and northwest pCanada has the longest coastline in the world. 1.1 Location and Size v 2. How many geographic regions is Canada divided into? The Atlantic Region The Central Region The Prairie Region The P

3、acific Region The Northern Regionv 3. Canadas vast territory and unique topography result in a climate with wide regional variations. Can you figure out what the weather is like in the above regions?1.2 Geographic Regions and Climatea continental climatea moderate climatecold winter, hot summer, spa

4、rse precipitationtemperature below zero for seven months v Rocky Mountains mountain range forming the cordilleran (山脉，山系) backbone of the great upland system that dominates the western North American continent. stretch from northern Alberta (亚伯达，加拿大西部之一省)and British Columbia (不列颠哥伦比亚省)southward to N

5、ew Mexico peak: Mount Elbert in Colorado at 14,440 feet (4,401 m) above sea level1.2 Geographic Regions and Climate v the capital of Canadav the countrys fourth largest cityv located in the Ottawa Valleyv lies on the banks of the Ottawa Riverv a humid continental climatev the seventh coldest capital

6、 in the world by annual average temperature, but ranks the third by means of January temperaturev nickname: Bytown1.3 Major CitiesOttawa(Left) A house is barely visible from beneath the heavy Ottawa snowfall. v located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontariov the largest city in Canadav the provin

7、cial capital of Ontariov Canadas financial capital v the fifth most populous municipality in North Americav ranks 14th in the world with over 4 million tourist arrivals per yearv a humid continental climatev one of the safest major cities in North America with a low crime rate1.3 Major CitiesToronto

8、 1.3 Major CitiesToronto the tallest tower in the western hemisphere, the worlds second tallest freestanding structure v the second largest city in Canadav the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebecv used to be the largest city in Canada and industrial and financial centre of Canadav The of

9、ficial language of Montreal is French. v the largest French-speaking city in North America, and second in the world after Parisv humid continental climate1.3 Major CitiesMontrealMontreals Underground Citythe largest underground complex in the world v a coastal city and major seaport in southwestern

10、British Columbiav the third largest in the countryv ranks one of the three most livable cities in the worldv ethnically diverse, with 52% of city residents and 43% of metro residents having a first language other than Englishv temperate climatev the second largest Chinatown in North America after Sa

11、n Francisco1.3 Major CitiesVancouverChinese New Year Paradeto the use and enjoyment of people of all colors, creeds and customs of all time v Second largest Chinatown Canada Vancouvers Chinatown is the largest in Canada, and the second largest in North America, after San Francisco. Today the Chinese

12、 are the largest ethnic group in Vancouver. Since the 1980s, immigration has dramatically increased, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse and almost 30% of the citys inhabitants are of Chinese heritage.1.3 Major CitiesVancouver v Stanley Park (斯坦利公园斯坦利公园) It was opened in 1888,

13、 and located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada a National Historic Site of Canada attractions: forest, bodies of water, recreational facilities, animals and monuments1.3 Major CitiesVancouver History 2.2 European Settlement 2.1 Discovery and Exploration 2.3 British Canada 2.4 Canadian Nation 2.

14、5 Canada Since 1980s v The name “Canada” is derived from the Huron word “Kanata”, meaning “a village or settlement”.v Huron (休伦语休伦语) language of North American Indians who lived along the St. Lawrence River when it was discovered in 1534 The Huron lived in villages, consisting of large, bark-covered

15、 dwellings that housed several families who were related through maternal descent.2.1 Discovery and Exploration v In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian sea captain, sailed west from Britain, searching for a new route to Asia. This voyage led to the discovery of Canada, which Cabot claimed as Newfoundland.

16、v The French exploration of Canada began in 1534, when Jacques Cartier attempted to find new routes to the Orient.2.1 Discovery and Explorationv Trading with the local Indians began. 2.1 Discovery and ExplorationvNewfoundlandnthe former name of Newfoundland and Labrador (纽芬兰与拉布拉多省), a province on th

17、e eastern seaboard of CanadanA former colony and dominion of the United Kingdom, Newfoundland and Labrador became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31, 1949, as Newfoundland. v In the early 1600s, both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada.2.2 Europ

18、ean Settlementv During 1750s, the famous Seven Years War between France and Britain started.v The whole Canada came under British control. v In 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act, coping with the differences between French and British People.v In 1791, Canada was split into Upper Can

19、ada (English-speaking Ontario) and Lower Canada (French-speaking Quebec).v In 1841, Upper and Lower Canada united as the British Colony, the Province of Canada.2.3 British Canada v In 1867, The Constitution Act created the self-governing dominion of Canada.v In 1931, Canada was recognized as an equa

20、l partner of Britain.v The federal governments power increased since 1950s to its historical height.v By 1961, the country had become one of the worlds most urbanized nations.v During 1970s, the relationship between Canada and the US became strained.2.4 Canadian Nation v The Canada Act of 1982 made

21、Canada a fully sovereign state.v In the early 1990s, Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord both failed in a national referendum.v In the 1993 national election, Progressive Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberals.v In 1997 Chretiens Liberal government succeeded in ending the 20 years of federal budget deficit.v When Paul Martin took office, Sino-Canadian relationship improved.2.5 Canada Since 1980s v Meech Lake Accord (米其湖协议米其湖协议) a pack