测量误差的基本知识

1、 22221 ef 22221 efnnnnnlimlim2222212 nnnnlimlim2 6827. 0 xxP 9545. 02 xxP 9973. 03 xxP绿绿蓝蓝红红 nnmn22221 nmn22221 7 .21021 m6 .31022 m1m1m2m2m121m 221m X10000120002. 0 200014002. 0 %3 .68 mP mmmdemmP22221)( %4 .952 mP %7 .993 mP mmmdemmP2222221)2( %7 .31 mP %5 . 42 mP %3 . 03 mPmm m2 m3 m2m37 . 21021

2、m6 . 31022 m4 . 521 m2 . 722 mnlnlllxn21 11lX 22lX nnlX nlXn 0lim nnnnlxvlxvlxv 2211lxnv lnlnv 0 nnlXlXlX 2211nnlxvlxvlxv 2211)()()(2211xXvxXvxXvnn )(xXn vnxX 222222222212121)()(2)()(2)()(2xXxXvvxXxXvvxXxXvvnnn 0 v2)(xXnvv nxX 213121222221222)(2)(nnnxXnnn 013121lim nnnn22)(nxX nvv 1 nvvnnm 1 nvvmmnl

3、lx017.1200 cmnvvm0 . 31 7 . 21021 mnm 1 nvvm8 . 2972 b b a a abba ab baP dbbPdaaPdP dbadabdP baPab nnnbaPbaPbaPababab 222111222babbaaPPabab nabnanbnbabbaaPP222 2Pm2am2bm22222baPmambm ),(21nxxxfZ nxnxxZxfxfxf 21212222222121nnZmxfmxfmxfm nxxxZ 21kxZ 22221nZmmmm xZkmm xZmnm LL仪仪mmC4 仪仪仪仪mmmC24 nnxkxkxk

4、Z 22112222222121nnZmxfmxfmxfm nnkxfkxfkxf ,22112222222121nnZmkmkmkm )(121nlllnx 22222212111nxmnmnmnm nm )1( nnvv2222222121nnZmxfmxfmxfm 2222222121nnZmkmkmkm xZmnm xZmkm )1( nnvvnmmxviDh sinmD100 0315 mmmD0 . 5 0 . 5 mmmmmvi0 . 1 hm222系系偶偶限限mm 4 . 62 . 22 . 11 . 1060201007 型型型型型型型型JJJJ02 偶偶m3 . 2 系系m

5、222系系偶偶限限mm 022 偶偶m 1 . 52 Jm系系222系系偶偶限限mm 22iimP 22221211:1:1:nnmmmPPP 21 m 122222121 mP 1614132 PP；11 m 4121222121 mP 64116132 PP；1:4:16权比关系权比关系22iimP 220iimmP NmmN )(NNmmPN 22)( LmmH0 LLmmPH12020 iiSCP iinCP kmmS 22kmiimSP Cmkm 2 iiSCP nLLL,21nmmm,21nPPP,21 PPLPPPLPLPLPxnnn 212211 PLPLx 0nnLxvLxvLxv 2211 min22221 nvvvvv min2222211 nnvPvPvPPvv 0)(2 LxPdxPvvd PPLx 0)( PLxPLxPPv PPLPPPLPLPLPxnnn 212211 nnLPPLPPLPPx 2211 2222222121nnxmPPmPPmPPm iiPmm202 222210PPPPPPmmnx Pm0 220iimmP Pmmx202 220 xmmP PPx 220iimmP 220iimPm 2202222021120nnmPmmPmmPm 220Pmmn