反射面天线仿真

1、电子科技大学电子科技大学 贾宝富贾宝富 博士博士阵列天线仿真阵列天线仿真阵列天线仿真Array OverviewArray OverviewAnalysis ApproachesAnalysis ApproachesUnit Cell Analysis with Master Unit Cell Analysis with Master / Slave Boundaries/ Slave BoundariesUnit Cell SimplificationUnit Cell SimplificationMaster/Slave BoundariesMaster/Slave Boundaries

2、Unit Cell CreationUnit Cell CreationVerifying the Unit Cell GeometryFloquet Ports OverviewFloquet Mode VisualizationFloquet Ports: Determining the Modes to IncludeModes CalculatorFloquet Port SetupFloquet Port SetupWhat if the Lattice is TriangularFloquet Port SetupFloquet Port SetupFloquet Port Set

3、upResults Matrix DataResults: Return Loss/Insertion LossFinite Array AnalysisChallenges for Large Finite Array ModelingDomain Decomposition OverviewSolution: Finite Array DomainDecompositionFinite Array DDM Tool AdvantagesHow It Works!How It Works!How It Works!How It Works!Probe Fed Patch Array with

4、 Feed NetworkFinite Phased Array Setup Using DDMnUnit cell is analyzed to create meshnUnit cell mesh is then replicated to form remaining elements in the arrayMutual Coupling DataActive Return Loss with Phase TaperEmbedded Element PatternsArray Pattern in the E-PlanenArray has no phase shift taper s

5、o thebeam is pointed toward boresitenSidelobe Levels are -10.86dB and-13.23 dB in the E & H Planes.Array Pattern Scanned to 45o in the E-PlaneExplicitly Solved Patch Array vs. DDM Comparison用用CST Microwave CST Microwave StudioStudio仿仿真阵真阵列天列天线线OutlinenAntenna simulationqDifferent solvers for dif

6、ferent antennasnAntenna array simulationqSmall arraysqFeed networksqLarge arraysqActive element patternnOnline demoA small selection. Antenna SimulationnDifferent antenna types require different solver technologies.Transient SolverFrequency SolverIntegral Equation Solver阵列天线仿真基本方法n由单个天线计算天线阵；q未考虑天线之

7、间的耦合。n由整体模型单独激励计算辐射场；q计算涉及天线结构之间的影响。n整体模型，同时激励；q同时涉及结构和激励状态的影响。计算模型计算模型n单个天线的设置求解设置求解设置求解设置求解设置天线阵设置天线阵设置计算结果计算结果单独计算用后处理叠加单独计算用后处理叠加求解设置求解设置n频率设置与前面相同求解设置求解设置计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果设置后处理设置后处理计算结果计算结果直接计算方式直接计算方式n模型、边界条件和场观察器等与前面的设置相同。求解设置求解设置计算结果计算结果计算结果计算结果Antenna ArraysSmall Arra

8、ys Distributed Computing (DC) Multiple Element ExcitationArray Feeding NetworksLarge ArraysInfinite ArrayInfinite Array FarfieldArrayInfinite ArrayActive Element PatternFinite Array AnalysisCST Array WizardSummary用用HFSSHFSS仿真阵列天线仿真阵列天线序言序言nHFSS 计算实际的阵列天线是基于阵列天线中的一个单元。对于模式驱动和端口驱动的设计，使用分布仿真过程。使你能够快速定义

9、、显示和仿真阵列天线设计。设计步骤n1. Draw the unit cell, containing all appropriate boundaries and source definitions.n2. Create the antenna array, including name, dimensions, master and slave boundaries where needed for conformal meshing, and selection of row and column master/slave pairs for implicit definition o

10、f lattice propagation vectors. Designate which cells are active, passive, and padding.n3. Setup the distributed processor pool. Designs with arrays require HPC licenses.n4. Provide a memory statistic for the amount of RAM guaranteed on each DSO processor.Creating a Unit Cell for an ArraynThe unit ce

11、ll can be rectangular, parallelogram or hexagonal.nYou must define appropriate master and slave boundaries, as well as other boundaries required for the model. Deleting a master or slave boundary that is referenced by an existing array also deletes the array. Typically, you define master and slave b

12、oundaries as opposite sides of a cell. 简单阵列的单元电路nIn such cases, with master and slave boundaries on opposite sides, the array sides align.nIn making source definitions for unit cell for the unit cell, you cannot assign a Floquet port.n Each driven Modal or driven Terminal design can contain a single

13、 array.复杂阵列设置复杂阵列设置nHowever, you can arrange master and slave boundaries to create an offset array. In such cases, you create both a master and a slave boundary for corresponding sections of a cell side, and assign master and slave to create offset alignment.n With all boundaries defined in this man

14、ner, the array can be offset. Create Array CommandnThe Create Array command is enabled for Modal and Driven Terminal problems after you have assigned master and slave boundaries to your unit cell model. You can access the command in three ways: click HFSSModelCreate Array, right-click on the Model i

15、con in the Project tree and select Create Array from the shortcut menu, or select the unit cell in the modeler window, and select Create Array from the short-cut menu. nThis displays the Regular Planar Array dialog where you specify parameters for Number of Cells, Unit Cell Position and Lattice Vect

16、ors.Create Array CommandnIf you have Visible enabled, you can see any changes.qTo Define Lattice Vector directions for A and B Vectors, specify the master boundary.qTo define the array size, for the A and B vectors, specify the number of cells for each row and column, respectively.qFor example, the

17、following figure shows the results when the initial Lattice Vectors are swapped.tnTo create an irregular array, select the Active Cells tab, select the radio button for Mouse makes cell as PaddingCreate Array CommandnOnce you have specified the parameters, the Array object appears in the Project tre

18、e under the Model. Only one Array is permitted for a model. The Create Array command is disabled if an array is defined.nBy selecting the Array icon in the Project tree, you right-click for the short cut menu.Create Array CommandnSelecting Delete removes the array from the Model.qSelecting Propertie

19、s displays the Regular Planar Array dialog.qSelecting Visualize Array lets you toggle the array display. A check mark indicates that the array is being displayed.nWith the Array icon in the Project tree selected, if you have a docked Properties window displayed, you can see and edit Array Properties

20、. All edits are undoable and informational messages will be posted to the Message window when design data is deleted. Setup and Run an Array SimulationnThere is no change in the GUI for setting up the adaptive simulation for designs with an array. However, the solution quantities of the virtual cell

21、s will be available for convergence setup (In both adaptive and interpolating sweep). There are no changes in the way convergence information is presented on the Convergence tab of the Solution Display panel.nIf your design contains a virtual array, the setup can have some differences.n Enable Solve

22、r Domains should not be checked (these are UI defined domains, not solver defined domains).n Setup the distributed processor pool. Designs with arrays require HPC licenses.n General Setup for Virtual Array Simulation for Matrix Convergence, if you choose Selected Entries.n Interpolating Sweep Advanc

23、ed Options for Array Simulationn Fast sweep is not supported.Setup and Run an Array SimulationnYou can also setup the expression cache at solve setup. The expression cache interface for accessing array elements is the same as those used in report setup.n Use the Active Cells tab on the Regular Plana

24、r Array dialog to designate which cells are active or passive for a simulation. You can make All Active, All Passive or select which cells are active or passive. The more active cells there are for a simulation, the more processing required. By default, clicking the corresponding array elements togg

25、les the current selection, You can also choose the Mouse makes cell setting to click for Active or Passive, whichever is most convenient. Clicking on a row or column number applies the mouse click command to all cells in that row or column. Dragging the cursor over cells performs the current operati

26、on on them.Setup and Run an Array SimulationnIt is important to understand the impact of passive ports on antenna parameters. For accepted power calculations, passive ports are not included when computing the total power passing through the union of all port surfaces. This means that the passive por

27、ts can be viewed as a loss mechanism for the device and it is not equivalent to viewing the passive ports as active ports with zero excitations.n Report setup for Arrays.nThe solution/matrix quantities are grouped by category. The entries in each category are listed according to their row, column or

28、der in the corresponding matrix.nThe entry in row1, column1 will be listed first, followed by nrow1, column2, row1, columnN, row2, column1, nrow2, columnN, rowN, columnN. Note that the row, column order of each entry in the matrix is controlled by the Matrix order as specified by user.nThe existing

29、Filter capability can help locate the desired quantity from the potentially very long list. General Setup for Virtual Array SimulationnFor a project with an array the General Setup some differences appear in how you can specify Matrix convergence. nIf you select Matrix Convergence, and click Set Mag

30、nitude and Phase, you will see the Matrix convergence dialog. In the Matrix Convergence dialogue, if for Entry Selection you choose Selected Entries, (rather than All or Diagonal/Off Diagonal), you will see scrollable drop down menus that let you select from all Array elements to define pairs of Mat

31、rix entries. Interpolating Sweep Advanced Options for ArraysnFor an Interpolating Sweep Advanced Options, if you select Use Selected Entries, nclicking the Select Entries button displays an Interpolation Basis Convergence dialog that lists the Array elements.nNote that the matrix entries are listed

32、according to the Matrix Sort Order as specified by user.nEntry Selection can be All, Diagonal, or Off-Diagonal.nMode Selection can be All, Dominant Only, or Higher-Order Only.Array VisualizationnYou control the visualization of an array by selecting an existing Array in the Project tree and toggling

33、 the Visualize Array command on the short-cut menu.nVirtual objects in an array display as wire frames. If the all virtual objects for an array do not appear in the view modeler window, perform a ViewFit All operation. If you change the view, you can also use Ctrl-D to fit the array into the current

34、 view.n You can disable the array visualization by clicking on the Visualize Array option again. A check mark appears in front of Visualize Array if the option is already ON. This option will also be present in general active view visibility options, ViewActive View Visibility.Post Processing for Ar

35、ray ModelsnSolution quantities of both physical and virtual cells are available for post-processing. nRadiation fields (near and far) post processing is over the whole array. You can plot and animate fields on non-model cut planes, vectors, and points, as well as on selected model object faces. Any

36、padding cells in or around the array are treated as background material.You can plot and animate fields on cut planes, vectors, and points. nYou can use the Fields calculator to define calculated expressions. nHFSS can also post process individual cells in an array one at a time. You can select an a

37、rbitrary cell and do fields post processing on that cell. HFSS post processes on a single user selected cell in the array. nFor Port Field Display there is no GUI change. Only physical ports/terminals will be listed. There is no need to support visualization of user-selected cell (like field overlay

38、 plot) because the field patterns of the virtual modes are the same as those in the physical cells.Reports for ArraysnThere are some differences in the Report setup for Arrays.1. The solution/matrix quantities are grouped by category. The entries in each category are listed according to their row, c

39、olumn order in the corresponding matrix. The entry in row1, column1 will be listed first, followed by row1, column2, row1, columnN, row2, column1, row2, columnN, rowN, columnN. Note that the row, column order of each entry in the matrix is controlled by the Matrix order as specified by user.2. The e

40、xisting Filter capability can help locate the desired quantity from the potentially very long list. Field Plots for ArraysnYou can generate field plots on object faces, as well as on non-model planes, lines, and points. The plots display calculated fields where ever the selected geometry intersects

41、the array cells based on whether the cells are active, passive, or padding in the array properties. Locations designated as padding are treated as background material in field calculations. The virtual cells do not need to be visible to affect the generated field plots. nYou can also create animations of field plots. If the plotted geometry is controlled by a swept variable (such as plane angle or a point location) the animation displays the corre