初高中衔接之音标复习

1、aieiii uauui: iu:u: elrhwjmndzts trdrbpdtgkvfz s 20元音元音32320辅音辅音国际音标教学法图示国际音标教学法图示/i:/Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew.三棵奶酪书中有三只自由的跳蚤在飞。三棵奶酪书中有三只自由的跳蚤在飞。Please eat sweet peas at ease before you sleep.睡前请随便吃点甜点。睡前请随便吃点甜点。/i/ Little Lily and little Nelly are going to visit Mrs. Honey.

2、小莉莉和小南里将去拜访哈尼夫人。小莉莉和小南里将去拜访哈尼夫人。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。吃一堑，长一智。字母及组合 /i:/e he she we secret chinese immediateea eat team meat real leave leaderee meet see three tree bee needie grief pieceeo peopleey key字母及组合/i/i it pig big bitY busy lily lovelye begin pretty excuseee coffeeey

3、 monkey moneyay Sunday Monday / /Harry has a jam factory.哈里有一个果酱制造厂。The cash desk is in the west of the shopping center.付款台位于购物中心的西边。/e/ 字母及组合 /e/e wet next press bell well freshea weather ready deadie friend / /a bag apple catch happen I mixed butter and sugar and water together. 我把黄油，糖和水和在一起了。Bird

4、s of a feather flock together.物以类聚。/:/ / 字母组合: ear learn earth early er prefer German were herir bird dirty sir firstur fur church hurtor work world word 字母组合a abroad about attack again o together seldom tomorrowe accelerate literaturei impossibleer soldier teacher mother paperor doctor visitorar su

5、gar vinegarour labour colourea ocean字母及字母组合 /a:/a fast father basket after masterar market large art hard farmeral half calmear hearter clert/ u up under just luckyo does done honey stomachoo flood bloodou couple enough 字母及组合 /:/ar quarterau author daughter Paul al all walk talk fallaw hawk drawor f

6、orce port short story stormoa abroadoar boardoor floor doorore moreour four 字母及组合/o block borrow sock pocketa watch wash wasou coughow knowledge字母及组合 /u:/o do to improve loseoo afternoon bamboo moon foodou youth you groupu rule rulerue blue trueoe shoe ui fruitew grew flew字母及组合 /o womanoo look book

7、good took cookou should could wouldu put full bull push pull 双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑流音的形式读出来的，即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的途径滑过去而成为一个音。合口双元音：集中双元音：/ei/ /ai/ /i/ / /a/ /i/ /e/ /字母及组合/ei/a age ache ate save ai aim aid mainay say gray today ea break greatei eighty weigh weight字母及组合 /ai/i ice isl

8、and wine lightie tieigh high sigh mighty sky try dry uy buy guy/i/oi soil coin joinoy joy toy enjoy字母及组合 /u/o old open overow row flow windowoa boat coatuo quoteoe toe ough dough字母及组合 /au/ ou doubt around aloudow tower cow how 字母及组合 / i /ea real ideaear hear clearly feareir their weirdeer beerere he

9、reou curious serious ie experience eu museum io idiot字母及组合/ /a area air fair pair chair ar vary parentae aeroplane are care compare prepareear bear pear wearere where there字母及组合 / u /our tour oor poor ure sure Consonants 辅音的特点：辅音的特点： 辅音是气流从肺中压出后受辅音是气流从肺中压出后受唇、齿、舌、咽喉等发音器官阻碍的唇、齿、舌、咽喉等发音器官阻碍的结果。辅音有清浊之分

10、结果。辅音有清浊之分, , 发音时声带发音时声带震动的是震动的是浊浊音，不震动的是音，不震动的是清清音。音。Plosive Consonants爆破音：爆破音： /p/b/ /t/d/ /k/g/p/b/对比: park-bark tap-tab mop-mob/t/d/对比： heart-hard sight-side feet-feed /k/g/对比: pig-pick log-lock dug-duck Fricative Consonants 摩擦音摩擦音/f/v/ /s/z/ /f/v/ 对比: leaf - leave proof-prove calf-carve /s/z/对比

11、对比: cease - seize loose - lose race-raise 对比 breath-breathe worth-worthy/ 对比: pressure - pleasure social- usual h huge hold it high behide the houser rude crazy broken freshFricative Consonants /tr/tree trick true treat try/dr/ dry drink drop drive/ts/ lots gets boots cats/dz/ reads beds birds3. 破擦音

12、：破擦音：/ cheap choice each touch /judge join jam edge bridgeNasal consonants 4. 鼻音 / m /, / n /, / / / m / memory mouth firm / n / nasty name nail learn / / king bring sing a songLateral consonant 5. 舌边音舌边音 /l/ (有两种发音有两种发音)A. . 如果在元音字母前面如果在元音字母前面, , long leave lion lock color followB. 如果如果 / l / / l /

13、 在辅音前面或词尾在辅音前面或词尾, , apple ball meal bell sail ruleSemi-vowels 6. 半元音半元音/w/ /j/ / w / w /week word /j/ yes youth Syllables 音节 (Syllables): 音节是包含一个元音或一个元音跟别的辅音结合而成的发音单位。在英语中元音特别响亮, 一个元音可以构成一个音节, 一般来说,元音可以构成音节, 辅音不响亮, 不能构成音节。 但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音m，n，ng，l是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音节。 英语的词有一个

14、音节的，两个音节的，多个音节的，一个音节叫单音节，两个音节叫双音节，三个音节以上叫多音节。 确定音节时, 一不能只看字母的数, 二不能只看有没有元音字母, 而是要看有没有元音。Types of syllables(A) (A) 开音节开音节(Open syllables): (Open syllables): 分绝对开音分绝对开音节节 和相对开音节两种。和相对开音节两种。读音的规则就是读音的规则就是发其中元音字母的名称音发其中元音字母的名称音。(B) (B) 闭音节闭音节(Close syllables): (Close syllables): 元音字母后面有辅音字母（元音字母后面有辅音字母（

15、r r除外）时除外）时, , 这这个元音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节个元音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节。它的读音规则是它的读音规则是: : 元音字母元音字母a a读作读作/ / /; /; e e 读作读作/ e /; i / e /; i 读作读作/ i /; o/ i /; o读作读作/ / /; /; u u读作读作/,/, 1 1、重读音节、重读音节 任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节有重读音节和非重读音节 ，哪一个音节重读，该，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“”。2 2

16、、浊化音、浊化音 以以sp_, st_, sk_sp_, st_, sk_开头的单词清辅音开头的单词清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/p/ /t/ /k/分别要发浊辅音分别要发浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/b/ /d/ /g/。3 3、定冠词、定冠词thethe的读音的读音 在以辅音音素开头的单词之前读作在以辅音音素开头的单词之前读作/ / /，如：，如：the day, the key), the housethe day, the key), the house 在以元音音素开头的单词前要发在以元音音素开头的单词前要发/ / i:/ 的音，如：的音，如：the end, the hour, the

17、 inside the end, the hour, the inside 其它读音规则5、不完全爆破、不完全爆破(Incomplete explosion) 爆破音p b t d k g 后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。 baske(t)ball a(c)tor, bla(ck)board Si(t) down. I can(t) come. I don(t) believe he is a ba(d) boy. (1)“辅音辅音+元音元音”型连读型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是

18、以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。 ImanEnglish boy. Itisanold book. Let me havea lookatit. Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday. I calledyou halfanhourago. Putiton, please. Notatall. Please pickitup. (2)“r/re+元音元音”型连读型连读 如果前一个词是以如果前一个词是以-r或者或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，结尾，后一个词是以元音开

19、头，这时的这时的r或或re不但要发不但要发/r/.而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。读。 Theyre my fatherand mother. I looked forit hereand there. Thereis a football underit. Thereare some books on the desk. Hereis a letter for you. Hereare foureggs. But whereis my cup? Whereare your brotherand sister? 但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母但是，如果一个音节的前

20、后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。音开头，也不能连读。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与与and不可连读）不可连读） (3) (3)“辅音辅音+ +半元音半元音”型连读型连读 英语语音中的英语语音中的/j/j/和和/w/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/j/开头，此时也要连开头，此时也要连读。读。 Thankyou.Thankyou. Nice to meetyou. Nice to m

21、eetyou. Didyou get there lateagain? Didyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea Wouldyou likea cupof tea？ Couldyou help me, please?Couldyou help me, please? “音的同化音的同化”常把常把/d/+/j/d/+/j/读成读成/d/d / /，did youdid you听上成了听上成了/did/didu/u/，would would youyou成了成了/wud/wudu/u/，could youcould you成了成了/k

22、ud/kudu/u/。 合口双元音：集中双元音：Jane hates to be late on the first date.Ill drive five miles on Friday night to see a fight that I like.How much oil boil can a boiler boil if a boiler can boil oil?If you notice this notice,you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing./ei/ /ai/ /i/ / /a/ /i/ /e/ /W

23、e have now found the roundabout without any doubt.His fear was clear as they steered near the pier.The man with fair hair dare not repair their chairs there because there is a bear on the chair.Mary found the pure gold ring and gave it back to the poor king.examplesA big black bug bit a big black bear. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, wheres the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?The cart got stuck in the mud.He is holding a hat in his handA good beginning makes a good ending.Sam makes many mistakes in his ho