采购与供应链管理课件03采购流程设计

1、Part 1:Introduction and strategyWhat is purchasingStrategic purchasingOrganization and structure of supplyPurchasing proceduresPart 2:Strategy, tactics and operations（1）：）：purchasing factorsStandard and management of qualityrelationshipBuying at the right priceSupply organization and supplier manage

2、ment,supplier relationships(2)Part 3:Strategy, tactics and operations（2）：）：Contrasting approaches to purchasingContrasting approaches to supply（2） Buying from overseasPart 4:Strategy, tactics and operations（3）：）：logisticsStoring of supply goods, materials transportationPart 5:Strategy, tactics and o

3、perations（4）：）：supply tools,supplier relationships and performancenegotiationSupply toolsPurchasing research, performance and ethics1. Definition of Strategy.2. Three Levels of organizational strategy.Chapter 3 Purchasing structure and design1. Purchase function nThe object of purchasing：buy the mat

4、erials of the right quality, in the quantity from the right suppliers（reliable and responsible）delivered to the right place at the right time at the right price .nIts necessary to get right service(before and after the purchasing),and right price. 1.1. Overall objects (总体目标总体目标) of purchase1) provid

5、e consistent materials and service to keep the organization function well.1. Provide consistent materials and service to keep the organization function well. (Quantity)2.Make the cost and lost of inventory at the lowest level. (Inventory)3. Keep and improve the quality. (Quality)4. Find and develop

6、competitive suppliers.5. Standardize the materials, if it is possible. 6. Get the required materials and services with the lowest total cost.7. Achieve the purchase object with management cost at the possible lowest level.8. Build a harmony and efficient work relationship with other departments insi

7、de the company(production , engineering technology, financial) (Inside)9. Improve the competitive position of the company. (outside)2. purchasing as a function department(职能部门职能部门) Although the supply chain approach purchasing as a process, many organizational structures show purchasing a separate r

8、ather than an integrated activity. 2. Purchasing as a function department Functional departmentalism is associated with vertical organizations： a. work is divided into functions then department then tasks. b. the chain of command goes up the functional ladder.nAvailability of specialist personnel to

9、 the whole organizationnHigh morale among department staff arising from the fact that that people appear to enjoy working with their own kindnEase of training supervision and controlnOperational efficiencynMore concern about reporting relationship and authority than on the flow of work to create val

10、ue for customers. nFocus on functional object and overlook the organization object. nInterdepartmental rivalry and conflict may be encouraged.nIts more difficult to coordinate in the related function areas, leading to purchasing department tend to be materials management and logistics.nDepartmentali

11、zation tends to look inwards whereas, in todays competitive environment, nFunctional departments(silo mindsets,竖井思维竖井思维) are incompatible with turbulent environment, lean and agile philosophies, complicated, highly interdependent technologies and the communication and information-sharing possibiliti

12、es of IT, all of which require organic structures and horizontal-type organizations. （有机的结构和水平型的组织）（有机的结构和水平型的组织）3. Horizontal organization are not completely flat, but they have fewer layers than their vertical counterparts. The characteristics and principles:nOrganize around the process not the ta

13、sk；nFlatten hierarchy by minimizing the subdivision of work flows;3. Horizontal organization The characteristics and principles:nMaximize supplier and customer contact；nReward individual skill & development and team performance;nLink performance objective and evaluation to customer satisfaction.

14、TeamCore Processpurchasing structurenDefine the core process( by Kaplan and Murdoch) : nA set of interrelated activities, decisions and informational material flows which together determine the competitive process of the company. Whether purchasing is a core process or an activity within such a proc

15、ess ? nReporting levels, the content of the purchasing task and the positioning of purchasing in an organizational structure.nIf the CPO report it to CEO, the purchasing is very important .nThe lower level purchasing department report to, the less important role the purchasing plays in the company.

16、are groups of people working together to achieve a common objective, such as customer satisfaction. The growing consensus is the best way to:nIntegrate tasks, informationnMaximizing competencenManage performancenManage resourcesnPromote employee satisfaction and reduce stressnImplement quality manag

17、ement and improvementnAspects of purchasing for which cross-functional teams have relevance include sourcing, global sourcing, outsourcing, new product development, value management and analysis, quality management, capital equipment buying and staff development and training.nPurchasing participate

18、in the team made up with people from many departments because the purchasing is related to companys strategic purchasing decision and supply chain.(outperform individuals)nSpeed ( Two heads are better than one . )nThe ability to deal with complicated problemsnFocus on customersnThe learning process

19、of organization structurenThe main purpose of cross-functional team is to change the silo structure(vertical ), not to give up function responsibilitynDifficulty in training a team leadernMembers need to attend many meetingsnMembers need to participate in different teams simultaneously.1. Inclusion

20、of suppliers in teamsnInclusion of suppliers in teams is decided on the task properties: designate the team to develop and improve the supplier abilities, not to evaluate and choose new suppliers（e.g.Boeing777）2. Inclusion of customers in teamsnReally focus on customers. Researches show that the tea

21、ms with customers hardly ever purchase.nIn which type of structure would you prefer to work : i) vertical or ii) horizontal ?nWhat does your choice probably reveal about you? Concentrating purchasing in a strong central department responsible for coordinating purchasing across the organization . Purchase can be made either from co