真空除氧器操作说明书(中英文)

1、真空除氧器操作说明书（中英文）真空除氧器VacuumDeaerator说明书Instruction江苏津宜水工业装备有限公司JiangsuJinyiWaterIndustryEquipmentCo.,Ltd.一、用途天然水中溶有多种气体，在锅炉水给水中，氧对锅炉腐蚀的危害最大.为此国家标准GB1576-85彳氐压锅炉水质标准”中规定2吨/时以上锅炉必须除氧.真空除氧器的出水含氧量能满足标准的要求.真空除氧器还可以用于石油钻井回注水的除氧及水处理脱硫工艺中氢离子交换器后除二氧化碳等多种场合.Application:Therearevariousgasesdissolvedinnaturewate

2、r;theoxygencontainedintheboilerfeedwatermaycausemaximumcorrosiontotheboiler.SothenationalstandardGB1576-85low-pressureboilerwaterqualitystandardclearlystatesthatalltheboilersof2t/horhigherarerequiredtohavetheirfeedwaterdeaerated.Theoxygenlevelinthetreatedwaterfromthevacuumdeaeratorcanmeetthestandard

3、andrequirement.ThevacuumdeaeratorsmayalsobeusedfordeaerationofthereturnwaterinoildrillingindustryandforCO2removalafterthehydrogenionexchangeinthedesulfurizationprocessofwatertreatment;二、原理真空除氧的原理是基于亨利定律，即在封闭容器中，气体在水中的溶解度与该气体在水面上的分压力成正比.水在沸腾时，水面上蒸汽的分压力增加，溶解于水中的气体分压力随之减小，当水面上充满了水蒸气时，水不再具有溶解气体的能力,水中所溶解

4、的气体就析出.从水的饱和温度特性可知，在真空状态下低温水也能沸腾.真空除氧就是利用这一特性达到除去气体（包括氧气）的目的.Workingprinciple:TheworkingprincipleofthevacuumdeaerationisbasedontheHenrytheory,thatis,inaclosedcontainer,thesolubilityofgasesinthewaterisinproportiontothepartialpressureofthegasonthewatersurface;whenthewaterisboiling,thepartialpressureof

5、thesteamonthewatersurfacewillincrease,whilethepartialpressureofthedissolvedgaswilldecreaseaccordingly;whenthewatersurfaceiscoveredfullwithsteam,thewaterwillnolongerhavethecapacitytodissolvethegasandthenthedissolvedgasinthewaterwillbeseparatedout.Wecanseefromthesaturatedtemperaturecharacteristicsofth

6、ewaterthatlow-temperaturewatercanalsoboilundervacuumcondition,whichisutilizedbythevacuumdeaeratortoremovethegasesincludingoxygen;三、特点1、运转工况稳定，真空度高，使用场合广.2、不消耗蒸汽，锅炉出力可全部利用.3、低温的除氧水可通过换热器回收低品位的废热后再作为锅炉给水，从而收到节能效果.4、适应性强，从负荷0-120%范围内变化时，除氧效果不受影响.5、本除氧器除高位安装外，接上引水泵机组后还可以低位安装，便于单层布置的小锅炉房用，节省投资，管理操作维修方便.C

7、haracteristics:1, Stableoperatingconditions,highlevelofvacuumandwidespreadapplications;2, Noconsumptionofsteamandalloutputsfromtheboilermaybefullyutilized.3, Thelow-temperaturedeaeratedwatermayberecycledasfeedwatertotheboilerafteritslow-gradewasteheatisrecoveredbytheheatexchangertosavetheenergy;4, H

8、ighadaptability,thechangesoftheloadwithin0-120%willhavenoimpactonthedeaerationefficiency;5, Inadditiontooverheadinstallation,thedeaeratormayalsobeinstalledatlowplaceafterconnectionwiththewaterpump,whichissuitableforsmallboilerroomwithonlysinglefloorfeaturinglowcostandeasyandconvenientmanagement,oper

9、ationandmaintenance;四、技术规格真空除氧器主要由除氧器（脱气塔与除氧水箱），水喷射真空泵机组、引水泵机组等三部分设备组成，下述为除氧器技术规格，其它设备可备阅其样本。Technicalspecifications:Thevacuumdeaeratormainlyconsistsofdeaerator(degastoweranddeaeratedwatertank),waterjetpumpunitandprimingpumpunit.Thetechnicalspecificationforthedeaeratorisdescribedasfollowing,thetechn

10、icalspecificationsfortheothertwopartsmayrefertocorrespondinginstructions;五、设备与附件Equipmentsandaccessories1、脱气塔脱气塔内装有铜制雾化喷头，每只喷头处理水量恒定，从而得到最佳的喷雾效果。塔内装有填料层、传质快、亲水性能好。雾化的结果大大增加了水的脱气面积，当雾化的水滴继续流经无规则堆放的填料层时，进一步加强了脱气效果。因此，虽然水在脱气塔内停留的时间很短，然而除氧效果很好。Degassingtower:Thedegassingtowerisprovidedwithcopperatomizin

11、gnozzlesinsidewithstablewaterflowfromeachnozzletoachievethebestatomizingefficiency.Thepackinginsidethetowerfeaturesfastmasstransferandgoodhydrophilicperformance.Theatomizationwillresultinthegreatincreaseofthedegassingareaofthewater;andthedegassingefficiencyisfurtherstrengthenedwhentheatomizedwaterdr

12、opletsflowthroughthepackinglayersstackedindisorder.Astheresult,despitetheshort-timeretentionofthewaterinthedegassingtower,thedeaerationefficiencyissatisfactory;2、除氧水箱除氧器运行时，水箱内处于负压。因此在高位安装时，水箱出口处与锅炉给水泵进口之间的净距离不得小于11米。在低位安装时(水箱出水口与锅炉给水泵在同一高度)，水箱出水口要接上引水泵机组，使负压水升压后进入锅炉给水泵，水箱上装有人孔，便于维修保养时使用。Deaeratedwa

13、tertank:Thewatertankisinnegativepressureinsidewhenthedearatorisrunning,sowhenthedeaeratoristobeinstalledathighposition,thenetdistancebetweentheoutletofthewatertankandtheinletofthewaterfeedpumpofboilershallbenolessthan11meters.Whenthedeaeratoristobeinstalledatlowplace(theoutletofwatertankandthewaterf

14、eedpumpoftheboilerareatthesameheight),theoutletofthewatertankshallbeconnectedtotheprimingpumpunittoincreasethewaterpressurebeforeflowingtothefeedwaterpumpoftheboiler.Themanholesfurnishedonthewatertankaretobeusedduringthemaintenance;3、水喷射真空泵机组由水喷射真空泵、循环水箱、离心泵组成。离心泵将循环水通过喷嘴造成高速水流而产生真空。本水喷射真空除氧装置可利用软化兼

15、作循环水，温度不会升高，因而可得到较高的真空度，提高除氧效果。方法是利用原有的软化水水箱兼作循环水箱，节约设备及占地面积。Waterjetpumpunit:Thewaterjetpumpunitconsistsofwaterjetvacuumpump,circulatingwatertankandcentrifugalpump;Thecentrifugalpumpwillpumpthecirculatingwatertothespraynozzlestobringhigh-speedwaterflowresultinginvacuumstate.Thewaterjetvacuumdeaerat

16、ordevicemayusethesoftenedwaterasthecirculatingwaterwithnoincreaseoftemperature,sohighlevelofvacuumwillbeobtainedwithimprovementofthedearationefficiency.Theoriginalsoftenedwatertankmayalsobeusedasthecirculatingwatertank,thuslowerdowntheequipmentcostandsavethespace;4、引水泵机组在除氧器低位安装时使用，通过该泵可将负压的除氧水升压后进入

17、锅炉给水泵。PrimingPumpUnit:Incaseofinstallationofthedeaeratoratlowplace,thispumpcanincreasethepressureofthedeaeratedwaterinnegativepressurebeforeflowingtothefeedwaterpumpoftheboiler;5、电磁阀为避免软化水进水泵不工作时软化水进入除氧器，因此在除氧器进水管道中要装电磁阀，电磁阀的启闭由水位自控报警器控制，电磁阀选用Dg50,Pg16工作介质水温小于等于60c的规格。电磁阀要水平安装。SolenoidValve:Solenoid

18、valveshallbeinstalledonthewaterinletpipesofthedeaeratortoensurethesoftenedwatercanstillflowtothedeaeratorevenwhenthesoftenedwaterpumpisoffwork;theactionsofthesolenoidvalvearecontrolledbytheautomaticcontrolledalarmforwaterlevel;ThesolenoidvalvetobeusedshallbeDg50,Pg16withtemperatureoftheworkingmedium

19、oflessthanorequalto60C.Thesolenoidvalveshallbeinstalledhorizontally.6、水位自控报警器及管式液位计或其它液位控制器水位自控报警器由传感器与控制报警器组成。传感器与液位计装在除氧水箱上。控制报警器放在室内操作台上。控制报警器控制软化水进水泵与电磁阀两者的动作。除氧器的进水量就是除氧器的最大出力，是恒定的。除氧器的出水量与锅炉运行时的进水量有关，一般不超过除氧器的额定出力，因此除氧器的进水量略大于出水量。当除氧水箱内水位在正常水位的上限时，水位自控制报警器动作，使得软化水进水泵停止运转与电磁阀关闭。此时由于除氧器仍在出水，水位逐渐

20、下降，当水位在正常水位的下限时，软化水进水泵有开始运转同时电磁阀也打开，水位逐渐上升，从而水箱内水位可保持在正常水位范围内。超出正常水位的上限或下限时还可以报警，此时可手控进行强制进水或使软化水进水泵停止运转，除氧器的进水是间断进行的，除氧器的出水可以是连续也可以是间断的（与锅炉操作有关）要求尽可能连续进水。Automaticwaterlevelalarm,tubetypelevelmeterorotherliquidlevelcontroller:Theautomaticwaterlevelalarmconsistsoftransducerandalarmcontroldevice.Thet

21、ransducerandthelevelmeterareinstalledonthedeaeratedwatertank,whilethecontrolalarmisinstalledontheoperationtableindoors.Thecontrolalarmisappliedforthecontroloftheactionsofsoftenedwaterinletpumpandsolenoidvalve;Thewaterinletcapacityofthedeaeratoristhemaximumoutputcapacityofthedeaerator,whichisconstant

22、.Theoutletwatercapacityofthedeaeratoriscloselyrelatedtothewaterinletcapacitywhentheboilerisrunning,normallylessthantheratedoutputcapacityofthedeaerator,sothewaterinletcapacityofthedeaeratorisslightlybiggerthantheoutletwatercapacity.Whenthewaterlevelinthedeaeratorisattheupperlimitoverthenormalwaterle

23、vel,theautomaticwaterlevelalarmwilltakeactiontostoptherunningofthesoftenedwaterfeedpumpandclosethesolenoidvalve;duetothecontinuouswateroutletfromthedeaerator,thewaterlevelwillgraduallydecline;whenthewaterlevelinthedeaeratorreachesthelowerlimitlevel,thesoftenedwaterpumpwillre-startrunningandthesoleno

24、idvalveisopenedandthenthewaterlevelwillgraduallyrise,throughaboveprocess,thewaterlevelinthewatertankmaybemaintainedwithinthenormallevelrange.Alarmingwillbeactuatedwhenthewaterlevelexceedstheupperlimitorlowerlimitlevels;atthistime,watermaybeforcedinthetankorstoptherunningofsoftenedwaterpumpmanually;t

25、hewaterfeedingofthedeaeratorisintermittent,whilethewateroutletofthedeaeratormaybecontinuousordiscontinuousdependingontheoperationoftheboiler.Waterfeedingshallbecontinuouswheneverpossible;六、操作Operation1、将水灌满水喷射真空泵机组的循环水箱，并注入冷却水调换。启动机组的离心泵，压力2.5kg/cm2。水喷射真空泵开始工作，在短时间内真空度上升到极限（即真空度不在上升）。除氧器脱气塔的真空度基本等于或

26、略低于水喷射真空泵的真空度，真空度是否正常可根据当天大气压与循环水温来判断。Fillthecirculatingwatertankofthewaterjetpumpunitfullwithwaterandthen1llincoolingwater;startthecentrifugalpumpwithwaterpressure2.5kg公m2;thenthewaterjetvacuumpumpstartsworkingtoincreasethevacuumleveltothemaximumwithinshorttime(namelythelimitofthevacuumlevel).Theva

27、cuumlevelofthedegassingtowerofthedeaeratorisequaltoorslightlylowerthanthatofthewaterjetvacuumpump;whetherthevacuumlevelisnormalornotmaybedeterminedbytheatmosphericpressureandthetemperatureofcirculatingwaterthatday;2、待除氧器真空度稳定(不再变化)数分钟后，接通液位自控报警器，此时除氧器进水离心泵与电磁阀(水)自动启动。软化水进入除氧器除氧，进水压力学2kgm2。进水时除氧器真空度要

28、低于极限真空度，此时的真空度才是除氧器运行的真空度，温差根据这真空度所对应的饱和温度来调节。进水与否由液位报警器控制，进水的同时应启动加热设备。Afewminutesafterthevacuumstateofthedeaeratorisstable(nochange),switchontheautomaticwaterlevelalarmandthenthewaterinletcentrifugalpumpofthedeaeratorandthesolidvalvewillautomaticallystarttosendthesoftenedwatertothedeaeratorforremo

29、valofoxygenwithwaterinletpressure2kg/cm2.Whenthewaterflowsintothedeaerator,thevacuumlevelofthedeaeratorislowerthanthevacuumlimitlevel,whichisactuallytherealvacuumlevelfortherunningofdeaerator.Thetemperaturedifferencemaybeadjustedthroughthesaturationtemperaturewhichiscorrespondingtothevacuumlevel.The

30、waterinletiscontrolledbythewaterlevelalarm;whenthewaterisfeeding,theheatingequipmentshallbestartedatthesametime.3、待水箱内除氧水上升到中水位后，打开除氧器脱气塔与引水泵之间的闸阀抽除引水泵内的空气，观察引水泵上真空表，使其与脱气塔真空度基本相同。如锅炉是连续进水工作的，然后就关闭该阀。如锅炉是断续进水工作的，则该阀应略微常开。Whenthedeaeratedwaterlevelinthewatertankrisestothemiddlelevel,openthegatevalveb

31、etweenthedegassingtowerofthedeaeratorandtheprimingpumptoremovetheairinsidetheprimingpump;observethevacuummeterontheprimingpumptoensurethevacuumleveloftheprimingpumpisbasicallythesameasthatofthedegassingtower.Closethevalveincaseofcontinuouswaterinletoftheboilerorslightlyopenthevalveincaseofdiscontinu

32、ouswaterinletoftheboiler;4、打开除氧器水箱出水阀门，使除氧水充满引水泵(约数分钟)此时引水泵进水口真空表读数约比除氧器低100mmHg。Openthewateroutletvalveofthewatertankofthedeaeratortoletthedeaeratedwaterfullintheprimingpump(aboutseveralminutes),atthistime,thereadingdisplayedonthevacuummeteratthewaterinletoftheprimingpumpis100mmHglowerthanthatofthe

33、deaerator;5、启动引水泵的离心泵，使引水泵自身循环工作，压力约3kg/cm2。如无压力说明引水泵内无水或未充满水，此时应重复上述第3、4点。2.Repeat theStartthecentrifugalpumpoftheprimingpumptolettheprimingpumpworkinrecycleitselfwithpressureofapproximate3kg/cmproceduresdescribedinpoint3and4incaseofindicationofpressureabsenceorwaterisnotfullornowaterinsidetheprimi

34、ngpump;6、逐渐打开引水泵出水阀门，工作压力2kg/m2,同时开启锅炉给水泵，使除氧水进入锅炉。调节锅炉给水泵出口阀门，观察流量计，使出水流量为所需要求，但不得超过引水泵的最大出力值。Graduallyopenthewateroutletvalveoftheprimingpumpwithworkingpressure2kg/cm2,atthesametimestartthewaterfeedingpumpoftheboilertoletthedeaeratedwaterflowintotheboiler;adjusttheoutletvalveofthewaterfeedingpumpo

35、ftheboilerandkeepclosewatchontheflowmetertoensuretheoutletwaterflowratemeettherequirement,butshallnotexceedthemaximumoutputleveloftheprimingpump;(1)对连续进水的锅炉，具进水量应调节锅炉给水泵出口阀门。由于连续进水,进水量波动不大，较符合引水泵工作状况，使用是尽量采用此方法。Asforboilerwithcontinuouswaterinlet,theinletwaterflowratemaybeadjustedthroughtheoutletval

36、veofthewaterfeedingpumpoftheboiler.Thereislessfluctuationfortheinletwatercapacityduetothecontinuouswaterflow,whichissuitablefortheworkingconditionoftheprimingpumpandshallbepreferabletobeused;(2)对断续进水的锅炉，引水泵与锅炉给水泵可同时启动或停止，如锅炉停止进水的时间较短，引水泵可连续运转，不便停止。由于是断续进水，在进水是流量较大，往往比引水泵的最大出力值还大，是引水泵不能正常工作。因此要调节锅炉给水

37、泵进出口阀门及进出口间的回龙阀门，即保证锅炉的出水压力，流量又符合引水泵出力。Asfortheboilerwithdiscontinuouswaterinlet,bothprimingpumpandwaterfeedingpumpoftheboilermaybestartedorstoppedatthesametime.Ifwaterfeedingtotheboilerisstoppedonlyshorttime,theprimingpumpmaybekeptrunningcontinuouslyandshallnotbestopped.Asthewaterisfedindiscontinuo

38、usly,theinletwaterflowrateisrelativeveryhigh,sometimeshigherthanthemaximumoutputcapacityoftheprimingpump,whichmaymaketheprimingfailtoworknormally.Soitisnecessarytoadjusttheinletandoutletvalvesofthefeedwaterpumpoftheboilerandadjustthevalvebetweentheinletandoutlet,thatisnotonlyensuretheoutletwaterpres

39、sureoftheboiler,butalsoenabletheflowrateincompliancewiththeoutputcapacityoftheprimingpump;7、取样分析除氧水残氧量，初投产时，应每隔两小时分析一次，根据分析结果，调节软化水加热设备的热源流量，使之符合温差要求。例如：工作时脱气塔真空度为725mmHg,其相对应的水的饱和温度为31C,软化水温度应为34-36C,循环水温度应26-28C。Samplingtesttheresidualoxygenlevelinthedeaeratedwater,whichshallbedoneonceeverytwohour

40、sduringtheinitialoperation;thenbasedonthetestingresult,adjusttheheatsourceflowofthesoftenedwaterheatingequipmentinordertomeettherequirementforthetemperaturedifference.Forinstance:thevacuumlevelofthedegassingtowerduringtheoperationis725mmHgandthecorrespondingsaturationtemperatureofthewateris31c,sothe

41、temperatureofthesoftenedwatershallbe34-36Candthetemperatureofthecirculatingwatershallbe26-28C;注：1、在操作前，所有阀门为关闭状态。2、在除氧器检修时，可打开软化水箱旁通阀，使软化水直接进入锅炉给水泵。对断续进水的锅炉，由于进水是流量很大，除调节锅炉给水泵进出口阀门及进出口间的回龙阀门外，还应选用更大规格的引水泵，以使两者出力相符。如6t/h除氧器应选用10t/h引水泵。Note:1, Priortotheoperation,allvalvesshallbeclosed;2, Whenthedeaer

42、atorisundermaintenance,openthebypassvalveofthesoftenedwatertanktoletthewaterdirectlyflowtothewatersupplypumpoftheboiler.Forboilerswithdiscontinuouswaterinlet,duetotheextremehighwaterinletflowrate,inadditiontotheadjustmentoftheinletandoutletvalvesofthewatersupplypumpoftheboilerandadjustmentofthevalve

43、sbetweentheinletandoutlet,itissuggestedtoselectprimingpumpwithlargersizetomeettherequirement.Forinstance,for6t/hdeaerator,10t/hprimingpumpshallbeselected.七、故障排除Troubleshooting1、 真空度抽不高真空度越高，除氧效果越好，故脱气塔内应尽可能保持最高真空度，以得到最好的除氧效果。真空度不高原因可能是：Vacuumlevelnothigh:Thehigherthevacuumlevel,thebettereffectforthe

44、removalofoxygen,sothedegassingtowershallbemaintainthehighestpossibledegreeofvacuuminordertogetthebestdeaerationefficiency.Possiblereasonsfornotsohighlevelofvacuumareasfollowing:(1)抽真空的水喷射真空泵机组本身有问题可把抽气管道上的阀门关闭，启动水喷射真空泵机组，这是泵吸口处的真空表读数即为极限真空度。如机组工作正常，则极限真空度应达到循环水温所对应的饱和压力。例如循环水温为25c时，真空度可在730mmHg左右。如达

45、不到，说明机组有问题，可能的原因有离心泵故障、管道或离心泵或喷射泵内喷嘴堵塞，喷射泵磨损等，应逐一检查或调换。Troubleforthewaterjetpumpunit,whichisusedforvacuumpumping:Closethevalvesontheairsuctionpipeandstartthewaterjetpumpunit,thenthereadingonthevacuummeteratthesuctionofthepumpisthelimitvacuumlevel.Ifthepumpunitworksproperly,thelimitvacuumlevelshallre

46、achthesaturationpressurewhichiscorrespondingtothecirculatingwatertemperature,forinstance,whenthecirculatingwatertemperatureis25C,thevacuumlevelshallbeatabout730mmHg.Ifnot,thenthepumpunithasproblems,thepossiblecausesmaybethefailureofthecentrifugalpump,blockageofthepipes,orcentrifugalpumpornozzlesofth

47、ejetpump,andjetpumpwornout,whichshallbecheckedonebyoneormakereplacementwhennecessary;(2)真空系统(包括抽气管道、除氧器)有漏气打开抽气管道上阀门，关闭所有通向除氧器的阀门，然后启动水喷射真空泵机组抽气，正常情况下脱气塔显示的真空度应于水喷射真空泵吸口处的真空度基本相同，如前者比后者的真空度低的较多，说明真空系统有泄露，应再做水压试验，找出泄露处进行修复。Airleakagefromvacuumsystem(includingairsuctionpipes,deaerator):Openthevalveson

48、theairsuctionpipesandcloseallthevalvestothedeaerator,thenstartthewaterjetpumpunitforairsuction;innormalcase,thevacuumlevelofthedegassingtowershallbebasicallythesameasthatatthesuctionofthewaterjetvacuumpump;ifthevacuumleveloftheformerismuchlowerthanthatofthelatter,thenthevacuumsystemmusthaveleakage,w

49、hichshallbesubjecttowaterpressuretestagaintofindtheleakingpointandmakerepairing;(3)进水温度太高如上述(1)(2)两点都无问题，而在除氧器进水后，真空度大幅度下降，这是由于进水温度太高，超过运行真空度下相应的饱和温度太多，产生了大量的低温蒸汽，使脱气塔内的气(汽)量超过喷射泵抽气(汽)能力，真空度就会下降。因此要降低进水温度，使水温控制在要求的范围内。Inletwatertemperaturetoohigh:Incaseofnoproblemsfor(1)(2)pointsmentionedabove,butth

50、evacuumleveldeclinesgreatlyafterthedeaeratorissuppliedwithwater,thereasonisthattheinletwatertemperatureistoohigh,whichfareexceedsthesaturationtemperatureundertheoperatingvacuumlevelleadingtolargeamountoflow-temperaturesteamsothatthesteamcapacityinsidethedegassingtowerisbeyondthecapacityofthejetpumpf

51、orairsuction,thenthevacuumlevelwillpossiblydecline.Soitissuggestedtolowerdowntheinletwatertemperaturetocontrolthetemperaturewithintherequiredrange;(4)抽气管道内积水如上述(1)(2)两点都无问题，而水喷射真空泵吸口处与脱气塔两者的真空度差距较大，则原因可能是两者间的抽气管道有阻塞。如抽气管太长，支架跨度过大，管道产生垂度，因而管内有积水，因此要保持抽气管道坡度，增加管架，消除管内积水。Waterexistinginsidetheairsuctio

52、npipe:Incaseofnoproblemsfor(1)(2)pointsmentionedabove,whilethevacuumdifferencebetweenthesuctionofthewaterjetvacuumpumpandthedegassingtowerisrelativebig,thepossiblereasonsmaybethattheairsuctionpipebetweenthemmaybeblocked.Forinstance,whentheairsuctionpipeistoolongwithoverspanofthesupports,thenthepipem

53、ayhavewaterinside,soitissuggestedtokeeptheairsuctionpipeincertainslopewithincreaseofpipesupportstoremovetheaccumulatedwaterinsidethepipe;(5)真空表不准1.5级的弹簧式真空表允许误差为土.5%,这样真空度就相差由0nlmHg左右。如真空表失灵，误差就更大。因此要检验真空表，或应用U形水银差压计，即准确又可靠。Inaccuratereadingofthevacuummeter:Theallowabletolerancefor1.5gradespringtype

54、vacuummeteris1.5%,土sothevacuumdifferencewillbeapproximate+0mmHgaround.Thetolerancewillbemoreincaseofthemalfunctioningofthevacuummeter.SothevacuummetershallbecalibratedoruseU-shapedmercurypressuredifferencemetertoensuretheaccurateandreliablereadingofthevacuumlevel;(6)循环水温太高水喷射真空泵工作的水由于通过离心泵不断循环，温度会升高

55、。如循环水箱放置在露天，因受日照影响，升温更高。这样水喷射真空泵所抽的真空度会下降。因此要不断注入冷水，使循环水保持室温。最好的办法是以软化水箱兼作循环水箱用，因有冷软化水不断注入，使水温保持不变。Circulatingwatertemperaturetoohigh:pump will have itsThewaterusedforthewaterjetvacuumtemperatureriseduetothecontinuouscirculationbythecentrifugalpump;thecirculatingwatertemperaturewillbemuchhigherifthe

56、circulatingwatertankisputintheopenairduetothesunshine.Ifthecirculatingwatertemperatureistoohigh,thevacuumlevelbroughtbythewaterjetvacuumpumpwilldecline,soitisnecessarytofillinthecoolingwatercontinuouslytomaintainthecirculatingwateratroomtemperature.Thebestwayistousethesoftenedwatertankascirculatingw

57、atertanksothatthewatertemperaturewillkeptunchangedallthetimeduetothecontinuousfillingofcoolingsoftenedwater.2、除氧器进水量少，不能满足出水要求(即进出水量不平衡)出现这种情况时，液位迅速下降，超过最低液位，说明除氧器进水量少于出水量，这时软化水进水泵出口压力必然大于正常值。如除氧器进口压力也大于正常值，说明除氧器内喷头阻塞，造成进水量减少，应打开脱气塔检查。除氧器正常运行时，由于进水泵与除氧器进口间管道中装有阀门、加热器等，因此除氧器进口压力略低于进水泵出口压力。如两者压力差值增加，说

58、明管道问附件有故障，应逐一检查。Lessinletwaterflowrateofthedeaerator,whichcannotmeettherequirementforoutletwatercapacity(namelyimbalancebetweentheinletwaterandoutletwater):Inthiscase,thewaterlevelwilldeclinerapidlytobelowtheminimumlevel,whichshowsthattheinletwaterflowrateofthedeaeratorislessthantheoutletwaterflowra

59、te;atthistime,theoutletpressureofthesoftenedwaterinletpumpwillcertainlybehigherthanthenormallevel.Iftheinletpressureofthedeaeratorisalsobiggerthanthenormallevel,thatmeansthenozzlesofthedeaeratorareblockedtoreducetheinletwaterflow;inthatcase,thedegassingtowershallbedismountedtohaveaclosecheck.Duringthenormalopera