国际工程合同管理英文信函写作基本知识(2)

1、工期管理工程的开工（Commencement of Works）能够按期完成工程是项目成功的标志之一。对于一个国际工程项目来说，工程的前期往往是工程最容易耽搁工期的阶段。英语中有一个谚语，“A good beginning is half the battle”（好的开始是成功的一半），对国际工程来说尤其如是。? 开工通知承包商在中标以后何时开工，还需要得到业主方签发的开工通知。在收到开工通知以后，承包商要给出书面回执，并说明在合理的时间内尽快开工。范例From the Employer/Engineer to the ContractorDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Commen

2、cement of WorksIn accordance with Clause 8 of the Conditions of Contract and on behalf of the Employer, we hereby give you notice to commence the Works as soon as is reasonably possible.For the purposes of the Contract, the Commencement Date will be .You are required to proceed with the Works with d

3、ue expedition and without delay.Kindly acknowledge receipt of this notice.Yours faithfully,Engineer讲解这是一个比较有代表性的开工通知，由工程师代表业主签发。第一段：说明工程师根据合同条件的规定，并代表业主向承包商签发开工通知。第二段：规定了合同的开工日期。第三段：要求承包商尽快开工，不得耽搁。第四段：要求承包商给出回执。注释1、commencement: 开工，开始。2、Conditions of Contract: 合同条件。3、as soon as is reasonably possibl

4、e: 尽可能快地。注意，这是一个合同语言的表达法。4、for the purposes of the Contract: 为本合同之目的，就本合同而言。5、commencement date: 开工日期。6、with due expedition: 以应有的速度，快速。其中，due: adj. 应得的, 应付的, 正当的, 预期的, (车、船预定)应到的；n. 应得物、权力, 复 应付款。expedition: n. 远征, 探险队, 迅速, 派遣。7、without delay: 不得耽搁，尽快。范例From the Contractor to the Employer / Engineer

5、Date: Dear Sirs,Sub: Acknowledgement of Notice to CommenceWe acknowledge with thanks your notice to commence the Works issued pursuant to Clause 8 of the Conditions of Contract, requesting us to commence as soon as is reasonably possible.We confirm that the Commencement Date for the Works is .We hav

6、e begun to mobilize some equipment and personnel to the site of the Works and anticipate commencing the Works no later than .Yours faithfully,Contractor讲解这是承包商收到开工通知后给业主方的回函。第一段：说明收到了开工通知，并致以谢意。第二段：确认工程的开工日期，这是承包商的一种谨慎做法。第三段：通知业主方，承包商已经开始往工程现场调遣设备与人员，并预计最迟开始在现场工作的日期。注释1、acknowledge¼with thanks:

7、 说明收到了¼¼并致以谢意。2、pursuant to: 依据，按照。其中，pursuant: adj. 追踪的, 依照的。3、clause: 条款。说明：英文中另一个表示“条款”的词为article。4、mobilize: 动员，启动，调遣。5、anticipate: 预计，预期。? 进度计划在国际工程中，通常要求承包商在收到中标函后规定的时间内提交一份执行工程的进度计划，该计划须得到业主方的审查和批准。范例From the Contractor to the EmployerDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Submission of ProgramAs req

8、uired under Clause 14 of the Condition of Contract, we have pleasure in enclosing our program for the Works, which is in such form and detail as you suggested in the meeting held at your office on . You will note we have presented this program in both bar chart and network form.As recently requested

9、 by you, we also enclose a general description of the arrangements and methods which we propose to adopt for the carrying out of the Works.Yours faithfully,Contractor讲解这是承包商向业主方提交进度计划的一封前附函（cover letter）。第一段：说明承包商随信附上合同要求的进度计划，其格式和详细程度均按照业主方在会议中的建议而定。第二段：说明根据对方最近提出的要求，随信还提交了执行工程的总体安排和方法的说明书。注释1、as r

10、equired: 按要求。2、We have pleasure in¼: 我们高兴地¼¼。3、in such form and detail as you suggested: 按你方建议的格式和详细程度。4、present: 呈交，提交。5、bar chart: 甘特图，横道图, 柱形或条形统计图表。6、network form: 网络计划形式。7、general description: 总体说明书。8、carry out: 执行，实施。范例From the Employer/Engineer to the ContractorDate: Dear Sirs,

11、Sub: Construction ProgramWe have reviewed the construction program and made our comments which you have incorporated in your final submittal. It is therefore on this date accepted by the Owner.Thank you for your timely submittal and cooperation in finalizing this important document.Yours faithfully,

12、Engineer讲解这是业主工程师致承包商关于施工进度计划的一封回函，从信的内容可以看出，承包商按业主要求对施工计划反复修改了若干次，最后一次得到业主的认可。第一段：说明业主工程师已经审查施工进度计划并提出了意见，这些意见被承包商纳入到进度计划的最后的版本，因而，进度计划的最终版本得到业主的认可。第二段：业主工程师对承包商在编制和修订进度计划方面给予业主方的合作表示感谢。注释1、construction program: 施工进度计划。2、comment: 评论，意见。3、incorporate: 合并，纳入。4、submittal: 提交，提交的文件。5、finalize: 最终确定下来，定

13、稿。? 邀请函工程开工后，承包商需要业主签发邀请函，以便为自己前往工程所在国的工程人员办理签证。范例From the Contractor to the EmployerDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Letter of InvitationAccording to the project schedule, a group of our engineers and technicians, 18 in total, will leave China for this project shortly. In order to apply for the entry visa to y

14、our embassy in Beijing, you are kindly requested to issue a letter of invitation for such personnel, whose pertinent information is as follows:NAMEPASSPORT NO.DATE OF BIRTHPLACE OF BIRTH¼¼¼¼¼¼¼¼Thank you in advance for your assistance and cooperation.Yours fai

15、thfully,Contractor讲解这是一封承包商致业主的信，在信中承包商要求业主为其人员发邀请函。第一段：说明按照项目的进度计划，承包商的一批工程技术人员很快要到项目上工作。为了申请签证，需要业主签发邀请函。承包商在信中列出了有关人员的姓名、护照号、出生日期和出生地。第二段：客套话，对业主方的帮助与合作预致谢意。注释1、letter of invitation: 邀请函。2、project schedule: 项目计划。3、in total: 总共，共计。4、entry visa: 入境签证。5、embassy: 大使馆。6、pertinent information: 主要资料。其中，

16、pertinent: adj. 有关的, 相干的, 中肯的。7、date of birth: 出生日期。8、place of birth: 出生地。9、in advance: 预先，提前。工程的进展（Project Progress）工程整个施工过程中，会出现各种各样的问题影响工程的进度。合同双方应根据合同来处理此类问题，从而保护自己一方的权益。? 就影响进度的事件发出的通知如果在施工过程中发生了耽搁工作的事件，承包商就应按照合同的规定向业主/工程师发出通知，以便及时处理该问题。范例From the Contractor to the Employer/EngineerDate: Dear S

17、irs,Sub: Data Found Incorrect for Setting Out the WorksWith reference to your Site Plan showing dimensions for setting out the Works, we have to inform you that after our own site survey, we have found the following errors and omissions on your drawing:¼¼Will you please issue a revised dra

18、wing showing correct dimensions so that we may proceed with the setting-out of the Works? Since setting-out is scheduled to commence on Monday next (May 20th, 1995), it is essential that we receive your revised drawing no later than this coming Friday.Yours faithfully,Contractor讲解这是承包商致业主/工程师关于工程放线数

19、据有错误的一封信函。第一段：说明承包商在现场勘察之后，发现业主/工程师签发的图纸上关于工程放线的尺寸有问题，并列出了有关错误和疏漏。第二段：请业主/工程师重新签发修正后的图纸，并给出了业主/工程师签发图纸的截止日期。此类通知在国际工程中很常见，也十分重要。因为，从一般的合同规定来看，如果业主/工程师提供的放线数据有误，并影响了工期和费用，承包商是有权提出索赔要求的，但承包商有义务及时通知业主/工程师。注释1、setting out the works: 工程放线。set out: v. 出发，开始，装饰，陈列，测定，宣布，移植，陈述，启程；展示2、site plan: 现场平面图。3、be s

20、cheduled to: 计划（做）¼¼例如：The plane is scheduled to take off at 5 sharp. （飞机计划5时整起飞。）4、Monday next: 下周一，等于Next Monday.5、the coming Friday: 本周五。6、proceed with: v. 继续进行。范例From the Contractor to the Employer/EngineerDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Breakdown in Tower CraneWe regret to inform you that the pr

21、ogress of the Works is currently being, and is likely to continue to be, delayed by a breakdown in the Tower Crane. Since this is of Japanese manufacture and the local agents are unable to effect the repairs, technicians are being flown in from Japan and it will be several days at least before it is

22、 again usable.Needless to say, we are making every effort to overcome this problem in the meantime and we shall be taking steps to ensure that completion of the Works is not delayed.We shall inform you as soon as the problem is overcome and, in the meanwhile, please accept this as the formal notice

23、required by Clause 25 of the Conditions of the Contract.Yours faithfully,Contractor讲解这是承包商致业主/工程师关于因大型施工设备发生故障而停工的一封信函。第一段：说明由于施工的塔吊发生故障，工作被迫停下来。因为该塔吊为日本产品，当地代理无法修复，日本方面已经派技术人员飞往现场，但预计几天后塔吊才能重新投入使用。第二段：说明承包商与此同时也在努力克服这一问题，并正在采取必要措施，保证工程按期完工。第三段：说明承包商在塔吊修复后将立即通知业主/工程师，并说明这一通知是按照合同条款的要求发出的。注释1、breakdo

24、wn in tower crane: 塔吊故障。2、We regret to inform you that¼: 我们遗憾地通知你方¼¼。这一表达法用于信的开头，后面的内容往往为消极内容。3、currently: 现在，此时。4、be likely to¼: 很可能（发生或做）¼¼。5、be of Japanese manufacture: 是日本产的。6、local agent: 当地代理商。7、effect the repair: 进行修复。8、Technicians are being flown in from Japan:

25、从日本派技术人员正飞往这里。fly in: 表示“从远方飞到此地”的含义。9、needless to say: 不必说，不用说。10、make every effort: 竭尽全力。11、overcome this problem: 解决这一问题。12、take steps to: 采取措施（做¼）。? 承包商实际进度拖期国际工程合同中通常规定，如果业主/工程师认为承包商的施工进度太慢，而且承包商没有索赔工期的理由时，他有权要求承包商加快工程的实施进度，以保证工程按时竣工。在此情况下，承包商可以申请加班。一般情况下，业主/工程师允许承包商在节假日、周末或夜晚加班。但有时，如果承包商认

26、为自己有权获得延期，就会在加速施工方面提出自己的要求。范例From the Employer/Engineer to the ContractorDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Rate of ProgressWe refer to your Monthly Progress Report No. and Site Meeting Minutes No. which set out in detail the current progress of the Works.Having considered this situation, I give you notice that,

27、for reasons which do not entitle you to an extension of time, the rate of the progress is in my opinion too slow to comply with the Time for Completion.You are therefore instructed to take such steps as are necessary, subject to my consent, to expedite progress so as to complete the whole Works on t

28、ime.Meanwhile, I request you to submit a revised program, in accordance with Subclause 14.2, showing the modifications to your existing program for such expedition.Yours faithfully,Engineer讲解这是业主的工程师致承包商的一封信。第一段：说明业主的工程师参照承包商月进度报告和现场会议纪要发出的这封信。第二段：说明业主的工程师在考虑了具体情况后，认为承包商的施工进度太慢，不能保证按期完成工程，而且，按照合同的规定

29、，承包商也没有权利获得延期。第三段：指示承包商采取必要的步骤来加快工程的进度，以保证工程按时竣工。第四段：要求承包商为配合赶工提交一份修改的进度计划。注释1、rate of progress: 进展速度。2、monthly progress report: 每月进度报告，月进度报告。3、site meeting minutes: 现场会议纪要。其中，minute:n. 分, 分钟, 片刻, 一瞬间, 备忘录, 笔记vt. 记录, 摘录, 测定时间adj. 微小的, 详细的, 仔细而准确的4、entitle you to an extension of time: 使你方有权获得延期。entit

30、le sb. to sth.: 使某人有权获得什么。5、subject to my consent: 在我的同意之下。6、expedite: 加快。范例From the Contractor to the Employer/EngineerDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Request for Permission to Work at Night/WeekendsIn response to your letter to expedite progress of the Works and pursuant to Clause 46 of the Conditions, we ar

31、e writing to request that permission be given for work to continue on night and weekend shifts.Looking forward to your immediate permission.Yours faithfully,Contractor讲解这是承包商致业主的工程师的一封关于加班的申请函。第一段：说明应对方来函要求以及根据合同条件，申请给予承包商在夜间和周末加班的许可。第二段：希望对方能立即同意。注释1、in response to: 对¼¼作出回应，对¼¼进

32、行答复。2、request that permission be given: 要求给予许可。3、night and weekend shift: 夜班和周末班。Shift: n. 移动, 轮班, 移位, 变化, 办法, 手段; vt. 替换, 转移, 改变, 移转, 推卸, 变速；vi. 转换, 移动, 转变, 推托, 变速4、look forward to: 期望范例From the Contractor to the Employer/EngineerDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Construction AccelerationFurther to our notice o

33、f delay dated and your letter of in reply, we note that your letter purports to instruct us to take steps, following the cessation of the current exceptionally adverse weather conditions, to accelerate so as to make up lost time.We would respectfully point out to you that the Contract does not empow

34、er you so to instruct us and we are not prepared to take any such steps except with express agreement of the Employer to reimburse us for the additional costs involved plus a reasonable allowance for our overheads and profit. Such an agreement would, of course, be supplementary to the Contract and i

35、ts items will be negotiated with the Employer to whom we are sending a copy of this letter.Yours faithfully,Contractor讲解这是承包商针对业主的工程师来函要求加速施工而作的回答，显然信函是发给业主的工程师的，并同时抄送给业主。第一段：说明承包商从来函中注意到，在恶劣天气结束后，业主/工程师将让承包商赶工。第二段：承包商认为，按照合同业主/工程师无权在这种情况下指示承包商赶工。但如果业主的工程师同意补偿有关费用，包括管理费和利润，承包商可以同意赶工，赶工的条件可以商议。承包商同时将

36、本函抄送给业主一份。从信函的内容来看，承包商收到业主的工程师的来信中，工程师并没有提到承包商将为赶工得到费用补偿，而只是让承包商赶工。但由于前一段时间的拖期是恶劣天气引起的，所以承包商认为自己有权得到延期，如果业主的工程师要求赶工，则承包商有权得到相应的补偿。注释1、construction acceleration: 加速施工，赶工。注意：在国际工程合同文件和信函中，在承包商为加速施工或赶工有权得到补偿的情况下，习惯上用acceleration一词；反之，则用expedite.2、further to: （在¼¼之后）进一步说明或补充。说明：这个词组常用于信函的开头，用来

37、针对以前的内容加以进一步的补充或解释。3、letter in reply: 回函。4、purport: 意味着，声称。5、current exceptionally adverse weather condition: 目前异常恶劣的天气条件。其中：adverse: adj. 不利的, 敌对的, 相反的，恶劣的。6、cessation: 停止。例如：cessation of liability（停止负责任）；这个词的动词形式为cease。7、make up lost time: 挽回失去的时间。8、We would respectfully point out that¼: 我们希望

38、指出的是¼¼。注意，句中的respectfully一词主要是为了缓和语气。9、empower: 赋予¼¼权力，授权。例如：empower sb. to do sth.: 赋予某人做某事的权力。10、express agreement: 明确的同意。其中，express: adj. 急速的, 特殊的, 明确的；n. 快车, 快递, 专使；vt. 表达, 表示；adv. 乘快车, 以快递方式。11、reimburse: 补偿。例如：reimburse sb. for a loss: 赔偿某人的损失。12、additional cost involved: 涉

39、及的附加费用。13、allowance for our overheads and profit: 一笔合理的管理费和利润的金额。其中，overhead: adj. 在头上的, 高架的；n. 企业一般管理费用, 天花板；adv. 在头顶上, 在空中, 在高处14、be supplementary to: 对¼¼进行补充，是¼¼的补充。? 业主要求承包商指派关键职员工期控制需要有专门的人员来负责，虽然业主一般不干预承包商职员的任命，但对于某些关键职员，业主方是有权发表意见的。范例From the Employer/Owner to the Contract

40、orDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Project Control / PlannerFurther to our discussions related to schedule achievement and project controls, I recommend and request from you the assignment of an experienced project planner.This senior person should be a highly experienced scheduler and possess the ability to cr

41、eate, maintain and status the projects schedule.Further, this person shall, in a professional manner at each of the Monthly Progress Review Meetings, deliver a presentation of Construction Schedule as to the status and to the recovery plan where slippage has occurred.The Owners manager of Controls/P

42、lanning will be resident on site as of (date) , and will be extensively involved daily in matters related to the project schedule. I strongly urge that a meaningful relationship be established between these two individuals as soon as possible.Yours faithfully,Owners Representative讲解这是业主代表致承包商的一封信，要求

43、承包商指派一位合格工程师负责项目进度控制和计划的安排。第一段：说明之前双方讨论过关于项目工期控制的问题，在此，业主代表建议并要求承包商指派一位有经验的计划工程师。第二段：要求该计划工程师必须是一位十分有经验的进度计划编制员。这位工程师必须具备编制、维护和解释项目进度计划的能力。第三段：说明此工程师还应负责在每月的进度计划会议上作关于实际进度情况的汇报，以及在拖期的情况下如何制定赶工计划。第四段：业主负责控制/计划的经理将从某日起进驻现场，并具体负责进度方面的日常管理，业主敦促双方的这两位工程进度的负责人建立一种能促进工程进度的良好关系。注释1、project controls/planner:

44、 项目控制/计划员（计划工程师）。2、schedule achievement: 进度计划的实现，达到进度计划。3、assignment: 指派，委派，转让。4、scheduler: 进度计划员。5、status: 状态，情况。该词一般用作名词，也偶尔用作动词，意思是“说明¼¼的状态/情况”。6、in a professional manner: 以专业方式。7、monthly progress review meeting: 月进度审查会议。8、deliver a presentation of: 对¼¼进行介绍，对¼¼加以系统叙述

45、。9、recovery plan: 赶工计划。10、slippage: 工期落后，拖期。（n. 滑动, 滑移, 滑程）11、be involved in: 从事于。12、as of: 在.时，到.时为止，从.时起。13、urge: 敦促。? 更新进度计划当实际进度与原进度计划不一致时，业主/工程师就有权要求承包商对原进度计划进行调整。进度计划的更新方式需要得到业主方的认可。范例From the Employer to the ContractorDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Updating of Project ScheduleWe have requested that you

46、 produce an updated schedule showing the actual condition of the project.The schedule that has been submitted by you shows only highlighted areas for the current month and depicts all the work items as “in progress”. Therefore, this updated schedule is not acceptable to the Owner.The properly update

47、d schedule will show, for each activity, actual versus scheduled start date, any actual versus scheduled completion dates and actual percent complete compared to planned progress. You should then use such data to forecast the probable completion dates of the behind-schedule activities.The data will

48、allow the Owner to compare its analysis of the project with your analysis and to thereby assist in planning future project events.Yours faithfully,Owners Representative讲解这是业主代表致承包商的一封信，要求承包商按业主的要求提供更新的进度计划。第一段：说明业主已经要求承包商提交一份更新的进度计划，表明项目的实际状态。第二段：说明承包商已经提交的更新的进度计划仅仅反映了一些关键工作区的工作情况，而且，对有关工作项仅描述为“正在进行

49、中”。因此，业主不认可这一更新的进度计划。第三段：说明恰当更新的进度计划应标明每一工作项的实际开始日期与计划开始日期的对比，实际完成日期与计划完成日期的对比，以及实际进度相对于计划进度完成的百分比。业主并要求承包商利用这些数据来预测那些落后于计划的工作可能完成的日期。第四段：说明业主将利用更新的进度计划中的数据进行自己的分析，然后与承包商的分析进行对比，并以此为依据，帮助承包商来计划将来的工作。注释1、update: 更新，修订。2、highlighted area: 主要的区域。其中，highlighted: adj. 突出的。3、current month: 当月。4、depict: 描述

50、，说明。5、in progress: 在进行中。6、actual versus schedule: 实际与计划对比的。7、planned progress: 计划进度。8、forecast: 预测。9、behind-schedule activities: 落后于进度的工作。进度报告与进度审议会（Progress Report and Review Meeting）业主对工程进度的监控手段之一就是要求承包商提交进度报告，一般每月提交一次，有的则要求每周一次，甚至每天都要提交；另外，作为国际工程的一种习惯做法，一般每月召开一次进度审议会，来审查前一个月的进度，并对下一个月的施工作出具体安排。?

51、进度报告对承包商提交的进度报告，业主对其格式以及包括的内容都有一定的要求，承包商应按要求提交每月或每周的进度报告。范例From the Employer/Engineer to the ContractorDate: Dear Sirs,Sub: Format of Monthly Progress ReportIn an effort to finalize the development of the format and ingredients of your Monthly progress report identified in the Contract, please find

52、below an outline of the contents required on a monthly basis. The monthly progress report shall be submitted to the Owner on or before the 10th of each month.1. A narrative description of the progress of the work for the preceding month.· Engineering Report· Construction Report2. Status of

53、 the Materials and supplies necessary to support the scheduled on-going activities.· Material List· Equipment List3. Status or actions related to approvals of licenses, certificates or permits identified in the Contract Conditions that are required to support the work.4. A presentation of

54、work achieved towards the approved construction schedule.· Statused and updated Milestone/Construction Schedule· Schedule recovery plans5. Non-conformance Report· Project Master List of non-conformances· Identify deficiencies related to work in place for the previous month·

55、Submit corrective plan6. Manpower Report· Chinese staff and workers· Local workers7. Subcontractors Report· Manpower· List of construction equipment8. Problems and Concerns9. Application for payment submittalAll the above sub-parts should be incorporated into one document known a

56、s the “Monthly Progress Report”. Special attention should be given to this document for clarity, accuracy and completeness.We believe that this document will be most vital to both parties in assuring the success of this project.Yours faithfully,Engineer讲解这是业主的工程师致承包商的一封信，是关于进度报告格式的。第一段：说明为了将进度报告的格式和内容最终确定下来，业主/工程师在下面列出了进度报告内容的纲要。业