高处作业的危害及防范培训学习课件

1、高处作业的危害及防范 This Work At Height Training Course will help you understand the hazards of working at height and common safety control measures to prevent the occurrence of fall and falling object incidents. 本次高处作业安全培训将帮助你了解高处作业的危害及防范坠落本次高处作业安全培训将帮助你了解高处作业的危害及防范坠落/落物事故发生的主要措施落物事故发生的主要措施. 手机必须关闭手机必须关闭 逃生

2、通道（培训室）逃生通道（培训室） 完成培训登记完成培训登记Safety First Prevention Primary安全第一，预防为主Principal leading members of production and business units are in full responsibility for work safety of their own units生产经营单位的主要负责人对本单位的安全生产工作全面负责Employees of the above units shall have the right to work safely and perform their d

3、uty in work safety.生产经营单位的从业人员有依法获得安全生产保障的权利，并应当依法履行安全生产方面的义务。 Falls are the leading cause of deaths in the construction industry. 在施工行业中造成死亡事故最多的就是坠落.Incidents occurs in manner of Workers physically fall or falling objects from height.坠落或落物是高处作业的主要事故形式.Falls from as little as 4 to 6 feet can cause

4、serious lost-time accidents and sometimes death.坠落高度仅仅1.2米到1.8米就会造成损失工时事故,有时是死亡.We will discuss the following topics:Planning计划When fall protection is required何时需要What methods are available有何方法PFAS人员坠落捕捉系统Rescue planning救护计划Importance of Planning / 计划的重要性The basic planning requirements; Assess the w

5、ork site/评估现场安全要求 Identify fall hazards/识别出危害 Identify who is exposed to fall hazards/谁将面临这样的作业风险 Assess the process to be done and the needs to complete the task/评估作业过程和完成任务所需事宜。 Identify what method of fall protection will be used for each hazards identified/找出坠落防护方法 Train the workers with compete

6、ncy/培训工人，胜任此项工作。Assess the risks to decide how to work safely评估风险Follow the hierarchy (avoid/prevent/mitigate) for safe working at height从避免、防止以及减低角度考虑作业途径Organise the work properly not forgetting to taking into account weather and emergency provisions组织，并考虑天气和应急准备Use correct work equipment使用恰当的高空作业

7、工具Manage the risks from working near or on fragile surfaces and manage the risk of falling objects管理在不承重表面的作业和坠落物体风险Inspect and maintain the work equipment to be used and carry out inspections of the place where the work is to be carried out (not forgetting to include access and egress)检查和维护作业设备，检查作

8、业地点（考虑进出入等）Fall protection must be provided when workers are exposed to the hazard of falling 6 feet or more坠落高度在1.8米或以上作业时候必须提供坠落保护Every worker must be protected from falls into or onto dangerous equipment regardless of height不管高度如何，必须防护工人防止坠落到危险的设备之上The contractor must determine the walking/workin

9、g surfaces where workers will work are strong enough and have the structural integrity to support workers safely, not a fragile surface承包商人必须确定工人行走和作业的物体表面能足够承重，使工人安全作业，而不是在一个易塌和易碎不乘重的表面作业。Protection must be provided when there is a hazard of falling objects.有坠落物体危害存在的情况下，必须提供相应的保护Walkways & ramps走道

10、、坡道走道、坡道Open sides & edges临边、角临边、角Holes孔洞孔洞Concrete forms & rebar模板和钢筋模板和钢筋Excavations挖掘挖掘Roofs屋顶工程屋顶工程Wall openings开放墙边开放墙边Bricklaying砌砖砌砖 Residential Construction工业民用建筑工业民用建筑Walkways & Ramps/走道走道,坡道坡道Open Sides and Edges/临边临边,角角Unprotected edge未保护临边未保护临边This 1/4 nylon rope alone is not a proper wa

11、y to guard this open floor 这样四分之一寸的尼龙绳无法提供临边保护这样四分之一寸的尼龙绳无法提供临边保护 Openings/孔洞孔洞Properly cover it or guard with guardrails; 妥善覆盖孔洞或妥善覆盖孔洞或安装糊栏安装糊栏Holes more than 6 feet height must be covered or guarded 超过超过1.8米高的孔洞必须覆盖或安装糊栏米高的孔洞必须覆盖或安装糊栏Concrete Forms and Rebar/模板和钢筋模板和钢筋Use PFAS when working on Con

12、crete Forms or Rebar 安安装混凝土模板或下方有钢筋等突出物时必须使用防坠捕捉系统装混凝土模板或下方有钢筋等突出物时必须使用防坠捕捉系统Use Rebar Caps 使用钢筋保护帽使用钢筋保护帽Excavations/挖掘挖掘Proper Guardrail System合适的未护设施合适的未护设施Guard excavations围护挖掘坑道围护挖掘坑道 Roofs/屋顶工程屋顶工程Use PFAS If you work on roofs and can fall more than 6 feet, you must be protected超过超过1.8米的屋顶作业必须

13、防护米的屋顶作业必须防护Wall Openings/开放墙边开放墙边If you work near wall openings 6 feet or more above lower levels you must be protected from falling如果你工作在如果你工作在6呎高以上的呎高以上的开放墙边开放墙边你必須要有你必須要有坠落保护坠落保护Platforms/工作平台Guardrail systems/护栏Covers/孔洞覆盖Safety net/安全网Personal Fall Arrest System/个人坠落捕捉系统Life Lines/生命绳Slide gua

14、rd system/防滑落系统Safety monitor system/安全监督系统Warning line system/警示线Work Permit/工作许可证Platforms/工作平台工作平台 ; Guardrail System/护栏护栏Mid- Rail0.6米米Toeboard150mmTop Rail1.1米米Safe Work Platform shall be the first choice to Fall Protection 安全的操作平台应是第一选择安全的操作平台应是第一选择!Safety net/安全网安全网Use right Safety Nets witho

15、ut deterioration for fall protection. 使用合格的未变质老化的安全网使用合格的未变质老化的安全网.Place as close as possible, but no more than 30 feet Below where employees work 安全网应尽可安全网应尽可能的靠近工作面能的靠近工作面,向下最大距离不得超过向下最大距离不得超过9米米.Covers/孔洞覆盖孔洞覆盖Capable of supporting,without failure, at least 2* weight of employees， equipment, and

16、materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time。Must be secured to prevent any accidental displacementMust be color-coded with “hole” or “cover”能够承受至少是在其上面，包括人，设备，材料重量的2倍重量。必须确保其不发生意外性的挪动。上面要标明其用途Personal Fall Arrest System/个人坠落捕捉系统个人坠落捕捉系统 You must be trained how to properly use PFAS. 你必

17、须接受训练以正确掌握正你必须接受训练以正确掌握正确使用人员坠落捕捉系统确使用人员坠落捕捉系统 PFAS = anchorage, lifeline and body harness.PFAS = 系挂点系挂点, 生命绳生命绳 和和 全身式安全带全身式安全带(降落伞式降落伞式)Personal Fall Arrest System/个人坠落捕捉系统个人坠落捕捉系统Personal Fall Arrest System/个人坠落捕捉系统个人坠落捕捉系统Safety Line Anchorage must be independent of any platform anchorage and ca

18、pable of supporting at least 5,000 lbs. per worker所有安全索的锚固装置都必須独所有安全索的锚固装置都必須独立于工作平台上且必須要能承受立于工作平台上且必須要能承受5000磅的能力磅的能力Personal Fall Arrest System/个人坠落捕捉系统个人坠落捕捉系统Lifelines must be capable of supporting at least 5,000 lbs. per worker. Horizontal Lifeline need to be designed by qualified engineer and

19、shall be load-tested as the 1.5 times of proposed load (dynamic).所有生命绳都必須能承受所有生命绳都必須能承受5000磅磅的能力的能力(每人每人). 水平生命绳必须有水平生命绳必须有合格工程师设计合格工程师设计,并且按负荷并且按负荷1.5倍倍动态负荷测试动态负荷测试.Personal Fall Arrest System/个人坠落捕捉系统个人坠落捕捉系统绳抓绳抓抓钩抓钩冲击吸收索冲击吸收索D环环全身性安全带全身性安全带Connectors are everything between your harness and the an

20、chor连接件连接件-锚点与安全带之间的组件锚点与安全带之间的组件It includes lanyards, snap hooks Carabiners, D-rings, lifelines and Deceleration devices.包括安全索包括安全索,抓钩抓钩,D环环, 生命绳等生命绳等.Inspect your connector daily.每日检查这些装置每日检查这些装置.Personal Fall Arrest System/个人坠落捕捉系统个人坠落捕捉系统Right use your safety harness with double lanyards 正确使用双绳安

21、全带正确使用双绳安全带The difficulties with the return of venous blood from lower limbs will impact the cardiac output and cause the decrease of the quality and quantity of blood flow to the brain. Sometimes the unconsciousness or coma comes rapidly.四肢静脉血液的回流困难会影响心脏血液输出四肢静脉血液的回流困难会影响心脏血液输出,从而导致大脑供血不从而导致大脑供血不足足

22、(或质量下降或质量下降). 有时昏迷会很快发生有时昏迷会很快发生.It is possible to cause death when a person is suspended from a safety harness in a motionless upright position for over 5 minutes. It may occur on any construction site. 当一个人以直立姿势，双腿自由地懸掛超過五分鐘后，可能會造成他死亡。这种情况在很多工业和建筑工作中都可能出现。Loss of Muscle Pump 失去肌肉泵作用失去肌肉泵作用Tension

23、stops blood 安全带阻止血液回流安全带阻止血液回流Self-rescue:The suspended workers shall keep moving limbs especially two legs continuously and waiting for help and rescue.Workers shall try best to pedal the surrounding objects or structure to keep the muscle pump functioning, and rise two legs and lay lead horizontal

24、ly. 自救:工人在吊在安全带上时应保持尽量活动双腿， 尽量蹬蹋周围物体促使血液回流, 以等待救援。同时尽量提高双腿，头部放平. 注意腿部安全带的松紧.Rescue Caution - Important! The accident victim must never be laid down after being rescued from the suspended position, not even in the stable side position. The victim should be positioned with the upper body very well rai

25、sed, i.e. in a seated, or possibly squatting or crouched posture. All restrictive belts and clothing should be unfastened. A doctor should be called immediately.救援警告救援警告 重要重要! 决不允许将事故受害人从悬吊位置放下后放平.应将其上半身保持抬高状态; 如坐姿,或可能的话蹲坐.所有的紧的皮带,安全带,衣物应当解开. 并立即呼叫医生.The accumulated blood flows abruptly into the hea

26、rt creating a risk of heart failure due to overstrain. Rescue Plan at Height shall be ready for each contractor.每一个承包商应当有高处作业救援计划1.The use of safety harness and lifeline shall be mandatory when performing work at heights=1.8 meters. 高空作业高空作业=1.8 米必须适用安全带和生命线，这是强米必须适用安全带和生命线，这是强制性要求制性要求2.Contractor s

27、hall specify and provide provisions to protect workers at levels against falling object.承包商应该提供给工人免于坠落物伤害的防护用品。承包商应该提供给工人免于坠落物伤害的防护用品。3.The working at height training is a mandatory training.本次培训为强制性培训本次培训为强制性培训.4.Workers who are to work at height shall have participated in this training with an iss

28、ued attendance cards, otherwise, it will be dismissed and removed from the Project Site.如果没有参加本次培训而进行高空作业，或者经过培训之后仍违反如果没有参加本次培训而进行高空作业，或者经过培训之后仍违反高空作业的安全要求，一经发现，将被开除出项目现场。高空作业的安全要求，一经发现，将被开除出项目现场。5.“零容忍策略零容忍策略zero tolerance，一经发现，立即开除，一经发现，立即开除”6.Full-body harnesses are required on the Project. Safet

29、y belts are not allowed.在项目上要求佩戴全身型安全背带。不允许使用三点式安全带在项目上要求佩戴全身型安全背带。不允许使用三点式安全带7.Contractors are required to appoint competent and trained supervisors and engineers to inspect all horizontal and vertical lifelines.要求承包商制要求承包商制定经培训的合格的主管及工程师检查所有的水平及垂直生命绳。定经培训的合格的主管及工程师检查所有的水平及垂直生命绳。8.All employees exp

30、osed to fall hazards greater than 1.8 meters must be tied off at all times utilizing two independent lanyards or a duel (Y) lanyard. 所有暴露在坠落（高于所有暴露在坠落（高于1.8米）危险中的员工必须使用双独立系索或米）危险中的员工必须使用双独立系索或Y型系索始终进行系挂。型系索始终进行系挂。9.Fall hazard management must be included in all designs where a fall potential of more

31、 than 1.8 meters exists.只要有高于只要有高于1.8米的高空作业，其米的高空作业，其设计中必须包括坠落危险管理。设计中必须包括坠落危险管理。10.Lanyards will be a maximum of 1.8 meters in length, equipped with self-locking hooks and snap hooks that are double locking in design.系索长系索长度最大长度为度最大长度为1.8米，并配有自锁挂钩及弹簧扣，其在设计上应是双锁扣。米，并配有自锁挂钩及弹簧扣，其在设计上应是双锁扣。11.When wor

32、king at an elevation of 1.8 meters or more above grade, floor, or approved work surfaces such as platforms and scaffolds, or when working in an area where a fall potential of greater than 1.8 meters exists, employees will utilize a full-body harness with a proper means of attachment.若作业的地方高于地面、地板或一致

33、认定的工作表面如，平台及若作业的地方高于地面、地板或一致认定的工作表面如，平台及脚手架脚手架1.8米，或工作的区域可能的坠落大于米，或工作的区域可能的坠落大于1.8米，员工需使用全身型的安全米，员工需使用全身型的安全带并配有适当的附件带并配有适当的附件12.All personnel performing work at elevated positions are required to be trained and must demonstrate competency in initial training on this fall hazard management strategy.

34、要求所有在升高的位置上作业的人员需进行培要求所有在升高的位置上作业的人员需进行培训，必须在首次培训中证明其有能力进行坠落危险管理。训，必须在首次培训中证明其有能力进行坠落危险管理。Perform work at ground level if possible尽可能在地面上工作 Example: building prefab roofs on the ground and lifting into place with a crane例如: 建筑物的屋頂可事先在地面预制然后再用吊车安裝Tether or restrain workers so they cant reach the edge

35、用栓绳或其他方式防止工作人员接近边缘Designate and use safety monitors(This is less desirable of all the systems)指定监 护 人Use conventional fall protection养成使用坠落防护的习惯How to recognize hazards怎么辨识坠落危险How to minimize hazards 怎么减低坠落危险The training must cover培训包括: Fall hazards 坠落危险 Fall protection systems 防坠落系统 Use of fall pro

36、tection devices怎样使用防坠落系统Contractors/Employers must provide fall protection training承包商/雇主必须向员工提供防坠落培训:LTI on Chemical Project Site on 12 June 20122012 年6月12日化工厂现场损失工时事故Injured Gender: MaleAge : 32Occupation: Rigger of CSCEC Steel StructureTime :About 16:30 Location: Compressor Building1.At approxima

37、tely 14:00 hours, the worker in question (worker A) and two his colleagues (worker B and worker C) were instructed to remove the portion of the roof on the compressor house which approximately 13 meters high above the ground.当事人A在下午2点左右与其2个工友B和C按照要求去把压缩机房顶的部分清除，高度大约为13米处。2.At approximately 16:30 hou

38、rs, worker B found no power on his electrical drill which was used to take off the screws from the roofing sheets after he removed all screws from one roofing sheet. He left his electrical drill on the unsecured roofing sheet and went to check one extension board. After he checked the plug and socke

39、t, he asked worker A who was attempting to reinstall the static lifeline to check if the electrical drill has power or not / 4点半，工人B发现他的电钻没有电了。他把电钻放在不牢固的屋顶处就去检查线板。检查之后，他让当事人A，那时正准备安装生命线，去检查电钻是否有电3.Worker A went to check the electrical drill on the unsecured roof sheet. He fell off once he stepped on

40、 the unsecured roof sheet and fell from elevation approximately eight meters to the lower platform below. Landed on a equipment which was covered with a canvass.当事人A就去检查了，结果从上面大约8米处坠落下来。掉在上面盖有帆布的设备上。Worker AWorker CWorker BThe Victim stand on the ceiling to dismantle the tile and fall on top of a ca

41、nvas covering!Worker fall on the the canvas covering.Worker fall on the the canvas covering Thebloodstain could be visibly seen on the covering.The worker went on the top to remove the tiles The roofing sheet which was unsecured on the roof and fell off to the ground when the incident occurred.将生命绳在

42、未得到任何授权的情况下就将生命绳在未得到任何授权的情况下就移走，这样在没有任何坠落保护的情况移走，这样在没有任何坠落保护的情况下就进行高空作业就会导致严重的伤亡下就进行高空作业就会导致严重的伤亡事故事故 MTC occurred on Chemical Site 14:40 on June 11 2014A 48-year-old female employee (labourer) named XXX sustained a laceration injury to her head this afternoon at approximately 14:40 hours on 11June,

43、 2004 on the EO/EG Unit. The injured party was involved in a manual preparation work for the road when a one-meter long scaffold tube fell off from the 10.15 meters pipe-rack adjacent to the east side of EG structure and struck on her hardhat which was damaged then.The victim was sent to MF and rece

44、ived 6 stitches on her head . 2014年6月11日大约14：40时候，头部被高处坠落钢管砸伤。当事人在进行有关道路方面的作业，这个时候从10.15 米处上方落下一根1米长的脚手架管，击中她的安全帽，头部受伤，如果没有安全帽保护，将不堪设想其结果。头部被缝了6针。LTI occurred on Chemical Site June 27 2004Time: 09:05Location: Spherical Tank STT-1011 Injured Gender: (Male)Age: 40Mobilised: 72 hours (25 June)Task: Mar

45、k up Welding pointsIncident: Fall from height (Approx. 8m)Training: NilSpherical Tank球形储罐球形储罐 1.4M1.7M1.8MThis clip broke when the injured party stood on the planks. 受伤人站的木方Injured Party standing here.(Nil harness & no IMT orientation)情况介绍：受伤的人员大约站在这里情况介绍：受伤的人员大约站在这里External Scaffolding脚手架脚手架Walkway

46、 with handrails. Internal handrails missing to allow access onto temporary platform.Temporary PlatformErected to allow welding markings to be applied. No hand rails, planking not secured & no support bracing. Fall Height Approximately 8.2 M大约从大约从8.2米坠落米坠落Spherical Tank球形储罐球形储罐8.2MScaffolding Failure

47、s 脚手架错误脚手架错误 - 1Lack of cross bracing;缺少交差支撑缺少交差支撑No hand rails;没有手护栏没有手护栏No mid rails;没有中护栏没有中护栏No designated access point;没有指定的进入点没有指定的进入点Coupling failed. (overloaded)联结有问题（过载）联结有问题（过载）Scaffolding Failures 脚手架错误脚手架错误 - 2Toe boards unsecured;踢脚板没有固定紧踢脚板没有固定紧 Sub standard lifts;安装不符合标准安装不符合标准; Spora

48、dic bays;混乱混乱; Nil inspection plan; and没有检查计划没有检查计划 No calculations/installation plan.没有计算和安装计划没有计算和安装计划Initial Impact Point初始点初始点Secondary Impact Point第二次第二次坠落从此处开始坠落从此处开始Injured party attempted to grab this tube.当事人试图抓住这个管当事人试图抓住这个管线线坠落保护坠落保护How do you think! 你看，他命都不要了你看，他命都不要了。Safety Platform?安全作业平台？安全作业平台？Scaffolding脚手架脚手架交叉不合格没有踢脚板边缘放的砖头！缝隙那么大！If you can fall more than 6 feet, you must be protected!如果你有可能自1.8米高以上的地方坠落,你必須要有保护Use fall