高一英语同步精品课件：Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China - Grammar（外研版必修3）（ 2013高考）

1、1sense1)n. 观念，意识，识别力；意思，意味；见识，常识；感觉，知觉，官能His speech left me with the sense that we would never be friends.他说的话让我感到我和他绝对无法做朋友。Havent you got enough sense to come in out of the rain?难道你不懂得进来避雨吗？The five senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.五种感觉是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。Dogs have a keen sense of sme

2、ll.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。2)v. 感觉；感知；意识；觉察The horse sensed danger and stopped.这匹马意识到有危险，停了下来。She sensed what her husband was thinking.她感觉出她丈夫内心在想什么。知识拓展senseless adj. 不省人事的；失去感觉的；愚昧的；无常识的sensible adj. 通晓事理的；明智的；可觉察的sensitive adj. 敏感的；神经过敏的a sense of direction 方向感a sense of hunger 饥饿感a sense of humour 幽默感common sen

3、se 常识the sixth sense 第六感觉a man of good sense 通情达理的人lose ones senses 昏过去；晕倒in every sense 就各种意义来说；就各方面来说in a sense 在某种意义上；多少有一点in ones senses 精神正常；有理智out of ones senses 神智失常；发疯；失去理智make sense 有意义；讲得通；能理解即学即用The elderly need special care in winter, as they are_to the sudden change of weather.Asensitiv

4、e BsensibleCflexible Dpositive答案：A解析：此题考查形容词词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的；sensible“可觉察的；明智的；flexible“易弯曲的；可变通的；positive“明确的；肯定的。句意是：老年人在冬天需要特别护理，因为他们对突然的天气变化很敏感。be sensitive to.“对灵敏的/敏感的。2responsibility n. 责任；责任心；职责Anyone with a sense of responsibility wouldnt leave the robbery alone.任何一个有责任感的人是不会对抢劫置之不理的。知识拓展

5、1)have the responibility for. 对有责任；对负责The Health Minister have overall responsibility for hospitals.卫生部长全面负责医院。2)take on/take/accept/assume/shoulder the responsibility for.担当对的责任；为负责The management accepts no responsibility for cars left in the car park.管理部门对停车场内的汽车不承担责任。3)responsible adj. 有责任的；负责任的Y

6、ou can always trust Mary who I think is a responsible monitor.你可以信任玛丽，我认为她是一个负责任的班长。The headmaster decided to have a word with the person that is responsible for this matter.校长决定与此事的负责人谈一谈。即学即用完成句子The driver should _ _ _ the injured.司机应对受伤人员负责。答案：be responsible to3honesty n. U老实；老实；正直She answered al

7、l my questions with her usual honesty.她像平常一样老老实实地答复了我所有的问题。His honesty is not in question.他的老实是毋庸置疑的。知识拓展in all honesty 说实话；其实honestly speaking 坦白地说to be honest 老实说be honest with sb. 对某人老实The book isnt, in all honesty, as good as I expected.说实话，这本书并没有我想象的那么好。高考直击(2021浙江)_， the pay isnt attractive en

8、ough, though the job itself is quite interesting.AGenerally speaking BOn the contraryCIn particular DTo be honest解析：考查插入语。Generally speaking“一般来说；On the contrary “相反；In particular “特别地；To be honest “说实话。答案：D即学即用翻译句子老实为上策。_答案：Honesty is the best policy.4justice n. U公正；正义Everyone should be treated wit

9、h justice.每个人都应受到公正的对待。We want justice in this matter.在这件事情上，我们要求公平处理。It would not be doing him justice to call him lazy when he is so ill.他病得这么厉害，说他懒惰就不公平了。Without justice, courage is weak.假设无正义，勇气也无力。搭配in justice to 为对公平起见I say, in justice to him, at he is a good teacher.秉公而论，我认为他是个优秀的教师。do justic

10、e to 公平对待，公平处理A full schedule may not permit him to do justice to his studies.一个排得满满的日程表很可能使他不能恰当地处理他的学习。知识拓展just adj. 公平的；公正的A just war is better than an unjust peace.公平的战争胜过不公平的和平。注意：un还是in形容词unjust 不公平的；非正义的名词injustice 不公平，非正义即学即用翻译句子他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。_答案：They are demanding equal rights and justice

11、.5respect1)n. 尊敬；敬重Students show their respect for the teacher by not talking.学生们都不讲话，以此来表达对老师的尊敬。She has worked hard to gain the respect of her colleagues.她努力工作来赢得同事们的尊敬。2)vt. 尊重；重视A doctor must respect the wishes of patients.医生必须尊重病人的意愿。He is highly respected in his profession.他在专业方面非常受人尊敬。People

12、will respect you for your telling the truth about this.人们会因你说出了这件事的真相而敬重你。We work well together, and I respect him as a colleague.我们在一起工作很愉快，而且作为同事我很敬佩他。知识拓展respecter n. 尊敬/熟悉的人respectfully adv. 尊敬地；谦恭地have/show respect for 尊敬/重；重视gain the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬have respect to. 牵涉/关系到pay respect to

13、考虑；斟酌；关心with respect to. 关于/至于respectable adj. 值得尊敬的respective adj. 尊敬人的respectful adj. 充满致意的；谦恭的高考直击(2021湖北)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for_building.Arespect BfriendshipCreputation Dcharacter解析：此题考查名词的词义辨析。charactor building“性格的修养。句意为：远足是有趣的，也是利于身体健康的。同时，也有

14、益于个人品行的修养。答案：D即学即用完成句子She has achieved great success and I _ _ _ her.她取得了巨大的成功，我很尊敬她。答案：have respect for6afford1)vt. (有财力)买得起；付得起(可用于can, could或be able to之后)Im not sure how they are able to afford such expensive holidays.我不太清楚他们怎么能负担得起这么昂贵的假期。We need a bigger house, but we just cant afford the rent.

15、我们需要一座更大的房子，只是我们付不起房租。2)vt.有能力；足以承担(可用于can或could之后)Im so busy. I can rarely afford the luxury of a restful weekend.我太忙了。我很少能享受一个轻松的周末的奢侈。No politician can afford to ignore the power of television.没有哪个政治家能无视电视的力量。知识拓展afford sth. 负担得起某物的费用afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事即学即用翻译句子我不能担负得起买一辆新车。_答案：I cant afford

16、 to buy a new car.7contribution n. U捐献；奉献；C捐助的钱或物He has made an important contribution to the companys success.他对公司的成功做出了重要的奉献。Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution to the film industry.查理卓别林对电影业做出了巨大奉献。Would you like to make contributions to the hospital rebuilding fund?你愿意为医院重建基金捐款吗？I will dev

17、ote my whole life to scientific research, and make contributions to the country where I was born and the people who brought me up.(Pavlov)我愿用我全部的生命从事科学研究，奉献给生育我栽培我的祖国和人民。(巴甫洛夫)知识拓展contribute v. 奉献；有助于；捐赠Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.人人都应该尽自己的能力做出奉献。He contributed a large sum o

18、f money to the hospital.他向医院捐了一大笔钱。His research contributed greatly to the progress of science.他的研究对科学的进步有很大的奉献。搭配contribute.to (doing) sth. 奉献He contributed some money to the flood victims.他捐出一些钱给受水灾的难民。contribute to (doing) sth. 有助于；导致Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment o

19、f our work.你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。Im sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。 注意：以上搭配中，to是介词。此外，contribute有时也与toward(s)或for连用。词语辨析contribute, devotecontribute既可作vt.，还可作vi.，后接to。devote常用于devote onself/ones life (time, efforts, energy.)to(doing) sth. 以及be devoted to结构，表示

20、“献身于，致力于”。devote 只作vt.。Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。Everyone is called on to contribute ideas.要求人人出主意，想方法。He devoted his life to promoting world peace.他一生致力于促进世界和平。即学即用Eating too much fat can _ hear disease and cause high blood pressure.Aresult from B

21、contribute toCattend to Ddevote to答案：B8invent vt. 创造；创造He has invented a new way of making silk.他创造了一种制造丝绸的新方法。Do you know who invented computers?你知道谁创造的电脑吗？词语辨析invent, discoverGilbert discovered electricity, and Edison invented the electric light bulb.吉尔伯特发现了电，而爱迪生创造了电灯。invent指客观没有，被人发明。discover指客观

22、存在，被人发现。知识拓展invention n. U创造；C创造物Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是创造之母。inventor n. C创造家；创造者He has been dreaming of being a inventor.他一直梦想成为一位创造家。即学即用翻译句子谁创造了蒸汽机？_答案：Who invented the steam engine?9soft adj. 柔软的；细嫩的；温和的；温柔的1)adj. 软的；柔软的His feet sank slightly into the soft ground.他的脚稍微陷入松软的地面。2)

23、adj. (颜色、光、声音等)柔和的；温和的；轻柔的She speaks in a soft voice.她说话的声音很轻柔。3)adj. (言行、性格等)温柔的；柔和的The shop assistant made a soft answer to the customers angry question.售货员温和地答复了顾客气愤的质问。知识拓展softly adv. 柔和地；温柔地；轻声地softness n. 柔和；柔软；温柔soften v. 使柔软；变柔软；软化softhearted adj. 温柔的；心肠软的；仁慈的即学即用Although I can walk about, t

24、here is still a_pain in my leg.AweakBslightCtenderDsoft答案：B10argument n. C争论；辨论；议论Its beyond argument that his theory is true.无可争辩，他的理论是正确的。The students had an argument with their teachers about their uniforms.学生们就校服问题与老师们进行了一场辩论。搭配have an argument with sb. 与某人争论I had an argument with my neighbour a

25、bout a tree in his garden.我和邻居因其花园里一棵树而争了起来。知识拓展argue v. 争论；辩论词语辨析argue, quarrelPeople generally quarrel because they cannot argue. (Chesterton) 人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。(切斯特顿)即学即用Althoughmy opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.Aagainst BonCfor Din答案：A1no faster than “和一样不快；相当于as slowly as。“no

26、比较级than否认两者，相当于“as该词的反义词as。含义是“前者跟后者一样不。She has no more books than him.她的书和他的一样少。Im no richer than a beggar.我穷得像个乞丐。知识拓展“not比较级than表示“不如。The question is not more difficult than that one.这个问题不如那个难。I have not more than five yuan.我有不到5元钱。I have no more than five yuan.我只有5元钱。高考直击(2021全国II20)Mr.Black is

27、very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _.Apopular Bmore popular Cmost popular Dthe most popular解析：考查比较级的使用。否认比较级相当于最高级。类似的还有too, enough。答案：B即学即用Have your working conditions improved?No, _than before, Im afraid.Ano better Ba little betterCnot worse Dno worse答案：A2billions o

28、f表达不确切的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式。又如：dozens of 许多；十几个thousands of 好几千；成千的scores of 许多；好几十tens of millions of 千百万hundreds of 好几百；成百的billions of 好几十亿tens of thousands of 好几万；成千上万hundreds of thousands of 好几十万；成几十万hundreds of millions of 好几亿；成亿的注意：1)表达确切的数目时，用具体的数字与hundred, thousand, million等词的单数形式连用，之后不加of，接可数名词的复

29、数。2)表达笼统的数目时，复数hundreds, thousands, millions等词之后加of，不与具体数字连用，接可数名词的复数。3)several或具体数字与dozen, hundred, thousand, million等词连用表达具体数目时，假设使用of，必须后接“the/those/these/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词名词复数。4)many可以和表达笼统数目的hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of等连用。即学即用_people in the world are sending information by

30、email every day.ASeveral million BMany millionsCSeveral millions DMany million答案：A3in conclusion 最后；总之I will in conclusion say a few words about discipline.最后我要简单谈一下有关纪律的问题。知识拓展conclude v. 结束；下结论；推断conclusive adj. 确定的；最后的；结论的reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论；下结论come to a conclusion 得出结论；结束We have reached

31、 the conclusion that this is a true story.我们获得的结论是，这是一个真实的故事。即学即用句型转换It was concluded that we neednt change our plan.We _ _ _ _ that we neednt change the plan.答案：came to the conclusion4for the first time 第一次forthe first/second/其他序数词/lasttime表示“第次，在句中作状语。We met in Nanjing for the first time.我们在南京初次相见

32、。知识拓展1)“This/It is the first/second/其他序数词/lasttimethat从句的意思是“这是某人第一/二/最后一次做某事。2)the first time作连词，连接时间状语从句，相当于when.for the first time。3)It is time forn./pron.; It is time(for sb.)to do.；Its timethat从句。4)for a secondtime意思是“再一次；又一次。This was the first time that he had been to Canada.这是他第一次去加拿大。The fir

33、st time I saw her, I loved her.我对她一见钟情。Its time for us to have a break.是我们休息的时候了。I want to try for a second time.我想再试一次。高考直击(2021辽宁)Its the first time that he has been to Australia，_？Aisnt he Bhasnt heCisnt it Dhasnt it解析：考查反意疑问句。主句主语为第三人称时，反意疑问句看主句。答案：C即学即用英译汉For the first time, we made a quarel._答

34、案：我们第一次吵了架。5However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.然而，我们确实知道他在公元1092年创造了第一块时钟。本句为“do/does/did动词原形强调句型，其中的do/does/did在句中要重读。a)本句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否认和疑问形式。She did tell me about her address, but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。She does come from a

35、European country.她确实来自欧洲的一个国家。b)在祈使句中运用“do动词原形，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。Do come on time next time.下次请务必按时来。Do come in and sit down.请快进来坐下。知识拓展“强调句型种种：It is/was.that/who.do/does/did动词原形There be.doing.What.is/was.Whever 疑问强调句型good and, nice and强调句型on earth, in the world, the hell, the devil强调句型高考直

36、击(2021四川19) If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. Ado devote Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting解析：考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句and将来时句子的固定搭配。此处应是祈使句，又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do，应选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。答案：A即学即用(2021安徽27)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _

37、 the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. Awhere B. that C.when D. which答案：B1限制性定语从句限制性定语从句的引导词有that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why。先行词的用法例句who和whom指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作宾语时常被省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天访问我们班的那个外宾是加拿大人。(作主语)The man (whom/who

38、) you met yesterday is my cousin.昨天你遇见的那个人是我的堂兄。(作宾语)which和that在从句中都可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。which指物，that可指人或物。Corn is a useful plant which/that can be eaten by both people and animals.玉米是一种有用的作物，人、畜均可食用。(指物，作主语)Who is the man that is reading over there？正在那边看书的人是谁？(指人，作主语，不可省略)先行词的用法例句whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，指物时可用

39、of which取代。His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他的父母不让他与任何家境贫穷的人结婚。where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。This is the school where I studied as a child.这就是我童年时上学的那所学校。when指时间，修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语。This was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.那个时候，美国仍然有奴隶。先行词的用法例句why指原因

40、，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。Thats the reason why she spoke.那就是她要发言的原因。先行词表示时间、地点时，关系词不总是用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，就不能用where和when，而要用which或that。I wont forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我们在农村度过的那段时光。This is the house which I bought last year.这就是我去年买的房子。用that不用which的情况例句当先行词是不定代词

41、或被它们修饰时。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的一切就是油的供给。当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.首先该做的是弄点吃的。当先词有the very, the only, the last等修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样做了。This is the very book (that) I want.这就是我想要的那本书。当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。

42、They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。用that不用which的情况例句当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which is the car that is made in Beijing？哪辆车是北京制造的？当先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，常用that，但通常被省略。I dont

43、 like the way (that) you speak to her.我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。It was the time that our company was set up.那正是我们公司成立的时候。2.“介词which/whom引导的定语从句“介词关系代词引导的定语从句常见的结构如下：结构例句介词which，在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。Ill never forget the day on which(when) I first met you.我永远忘不了初见你的那一天。The factory in which (w

44、here)I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。This is the reason for which (why) he was put in prison.这就是他为何被关起来的原因。介词which(指物)/whom(指人)，在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓须倒置。They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。结构例句不定代词或数词ofwhich/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分。China has a lot

45、 of islands, one of which is Taiwan.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾。介词which/whom，在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制制约。Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat？你能告诉我这件衣服是你给谁买的吗？There are varieties of ways in which we can solve this problem.我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。Here is the money with which we can buy a pian

46、o.这就是我们可以用来买钢琴的钱。介词which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的发出者。The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.咬死羊的那只狼被打死了。名词of which，代替whose名词，在定语从句中作定语。He mentioned a book, the title of which (whose title) Ive forgotten.他提到一本书，书名我给忘了。介词which(指物)/whose(指人)，修饰后面连接的名词。The driver was the man from whose room

47、she had stolen the maps.司机就是被她从房间里偷走地图的那个人。应特别注意以下两点：注意事项例句“介词关系代词”放在从句前面时，关系代词不可用that或who，而要用which, whom或whose。Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮书。Nancy is the right person on whom I depend.南希恰恰是我信赖的人。在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。This is the pen which/that Im

48、looking for.这就是我正在找的那支钢笔。It is my youngest brother whom I have to look after.我得照看我的小弟弟。高考直击(1)(2021湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.Awhich Bof whichCthat Dwhose解析：此题考查定语从句。句中name是city一个特征或构成局部，是附属关系，因此用whose引导定

49、语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。答案：D(2)(2021陕西)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which B. with whichC. about which D. into which解析：考查定语从句，先行词是a subject，指物，关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，应选C。答案：C(3)(2021天津)A person_email account is full wont be able to send or r

50、eceive any emails.Awho BwhomCwhose Dwhoever解析：考查定语从句，_email account is full是从句局部，所以选代词whose。句意：“电子邮箱账户满了的话，人们就不能发送或者接收邮件了。答案：C(4)(2021福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich Dwhere解析：考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。

51、答案：D(5)(2021北京27) Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 解析：此题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的，符合题意。答案：B(6)(2021江西31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at

52、the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.A. where B. who C. which D. what解析：考察定语从句。先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语， 故要填状语， 表地点用where。答案：A(7)(2021全国II16)I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.Awho Bthat Cas Dwhat解析：定语从句考查。不定代词someth

53、ing作主语，用that引导。答案：B(8)(2021山东24) Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What解析：此题考查定语从句的引导词。句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。答案：C即学即用Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003，_he studied very hard and was made Chairma

54、n of the Students Union.Aduring which time Bfor which timeCduring whose time Dby that time答案：AThe way he did it was different _we were used to.Ain which Bin whatCfrom what Dfrom which答案：CThe United States is made up of fifty states, one of_is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.Athem BthoseCwhich Dwhose答案：CAmerica