人教修订版高中一年级下unit19

1、人教修订版高中一年级(下)Unit 19GrammarWarming up Look carefully at the change between underlined nouns and verbs. What are the rules? 1. Yesterday I went to the hospital to have my teeth examined. After the examination, the doctor told me not to have too much candy. 2. The government said the reforms will gene

2、rate many new jobs for the new generation. 3. She had planned to invite all her good friends to her wedding, but for some reason, she only sent the invitation to those who stayed in the city. 4. After they made a 5% reduction in the prices of cars, the businessmen would reduce the price of houses as

3、 well. 5. He graduated from Peking University. After graduation he went to Britain for his further study. Rules: verb + “-tion nounWord study Give the following words & expressions in various forms. n. adj. use fun nationusefulbeautifulfunnyluckynationalnaturalbeauty luck nature v. n. arrive visit d

4、evelop govern introduce prepare arrivalsurvivalvisitorwaiterdevelopmentgovernmentintroductionpreparationsurvive wait adj. n. useless lonely kind careless uselessnessloneliness kindness carelessnessExercise on Page 47 Complete the following chart & choose one word to complete each of the sentences be

5、low.Noun Verb Adjective Fertile Produce Protection Modified FertiliserProductionModificationFertiliseProductiveProtectiveModifyProtect 1. After a few tests the _ software could be used on all computers. 2. _ the environment does not mean farmers crops have to go without _.modifiedProtectingprotectio

6、n 3. If the soil is not _ farmers have to use chemical _. 4. If we want to _ more, everybody has to be more _.fertilefertilisersproduceproductiveThe Use of “it for Emphasis 强调句型的结构为It is / was that / who ，用来强调除谓语以外的任何成份。被强调的局部放在is / was的后面。如果被强调的是人，那么后面用who或that；如果被强调的是物或其他情况，那么一律用that。 如：It was Jim

7、 who / that shot a bear yesterday. 强调主语 JimIt was a bear that Jim shot yesterday. 强调宾语 a bearIt was yesterday that Jim shot a bear. 强调时间状语 yesterday学习强调句型应该注意的几个问题： 1. 如果被强调的是句子的状语，那么不可用when, where或because等相应的词，而必须用that。如： It was on the bus that I met her yesterday. 强调地点状语on the bus，注意不能用where。 It w

8、as when I was in the kitchen that I heard an explosion. 强调时间状语when I was in the kitchen，注意不可用when。 2. 如果被强调局部是名词或代词的复数形式，系动词仍然用is或was。如： It was those children that I saw playing by the pond. 尽管强调的是those children，是复数，仍然用was。 It was stupid students who/that dont ask questions. 尽管强调的是stupid students，是复

9、数，仍然用is。 3. 在强调主语时，that/who后的谓语应与前面被强调的主语保持一致。如： It is you who are wrong. are与you保持一致 It is I who am wrong. am与I 保持一致 It is Mr Wilson who/that is the chairman. is与Mr Wilson 保持一致 4. 在强调until引出的时间状语时，其句型为：It is not until that ， 一般多译成汉语的肯定句。如： It was not until 1972 that we began studying English. 直到197

10、2年我们才开始学习英语。 It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. 我一直到昨天才注意到它。 5. 该句型的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it that ? 如： Is it Mr Wilson that is the chairman? Is it not until yesterday that you noticed it? 注意：在强调when, where, who, what等时，须将这类特殊疑问词放在句首。如： When was it that the story took place? 而不说： Was it when th

11、at the story took place? What is it that you have to sell? 而不说：Is it what that you have to sell? 6. 由since/as引导的原因状语不可以作为被强调的局部。如不能说： It was since it raised so many difficult questions that the book took a long time to come out. 这是因为由since/as引导的原因状语从句通常是一种信息，而信息是不需要强调的。如果原因状语从句由because引出，那么为未知信息，所以b

12、ecause引出的分句可以作为强调句中被强调的局部。 如: It was because it raised so many difficult questions that the book took a long time to come out. 7. 由though/although引导的让步状语从句及条件状语从句等也通常不能作为强调句中的被强调局部。如： The natives were generous although they were poor. 不可以改写成： It was although they were poor that the natives were gene

13、rous. 8. 判断是否为强调句的标准：如果将句中的it is/was和that/who去掉，看剩余的局部结构是否完整，句意是否明了，如果是，那么为强调句型。如： It was Mary that has won the first place. 将句中的it was和that 去掉，原句变为： Mary has won the first place. 句子结构完整，表意明确，故原句为强调句。 再如： It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 如果将it is 和that去掉，那么原句变为: Mary shoul

14、d have won the first place surprising. 这个句子不完整，所以原句不是强调句型。此句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的从句。 More examples: It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. 将这个句子中it was和that去掉，原句为: I noticed it yesterday. 句子结构完整，表意明确，说明这是一个强调句型。再如： It was those children that I saw playing by the pond. 将句中的it was和that去掉，那么变成

15、： I saw those children playing by the pond. 该句是一个完整的句子，故原句为强调句。Exercises I. Rewrite the sentences, emphasizing the underlined part. 1. In early times people traveled on foot or on horseback. It was in early times that people traveled on foot or on horseback. 2. Her diligence earned her the respect o

16、f her teachers. It was her diligence that earned her the respect of her teachers. 3. They were talking about the Olympic Games. It was the Olympic Games that they were talking about. 4. He left the day that I arrived. It was the day that I arrived that he left. 5. The children often help their paren

17、ts do the farm work. It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work. 6. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. It was in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. 7. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers

18、 is the shortage of arable land. It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem for Chinese farmers. 8. The plants grown in greenhouses are protected from the wind, rain and insects. It is the plants grown in greenhouses that are protected from the wind, rain and insects. 9. Future ag

19、riculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on. II. Rewrite the sentences below, emphasizing as many parts as possible. 1. Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday last year.

20、 It was Henry who gave George a new tie for his birthday last year. It was to George that Henry gave a new tie for his birthday last year. It was a new tie that Henry gave George for his birthday last year. It was last year that Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday. 2. During that period of

21、time they made three important discoveries. It was during that period of time that they made three important discoveries. It was three important discoveries that they made during that period of time. It was they who made three important discoveries during that period of time. 3. Some people in South

22、 America still practice this kind of farming. It is in South America that some people still practice this kind of farming. It is some people in South America who still practice this kind of farming. It is this kind of farming that some people in South America still practice. III. 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可

23、以填入空白处的最正确选项。1. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; when 2. Was it during the Second World War _ he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 3. It was through Jack _ Mary got to know Bob. A. who B.

24、 whom C. how D. that 4. It was _ I went there _ I began to know something about the matter. A. until; that B. not until; when C. not until; that D. not when; that 5. _ you have to sell? A. Is it what that B. What it is that C. What is it which D. What is it that 6. Its the third time _ I have been there. A. that B. which C. when D. whether 7. Were all five people in the car injured in the accident? No, _ only two who got hurt. A. there are B. they were C. it was D. there