Linux 专家非常有用的 20 个命令

1、41. 命令: ifconfig ifconfig用来配置常驻内核的网络接口信息。在系统启动必要时用来设置网络适配器的信息。之后，它通常是只需要在调试时或当系统需要调整时使用。 检查活动网络适配器 view source print?01avishektecmint $ ifconfig0203eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E 04inet addr: Bcast:55 Mask: 05inet6 addr: fe80:422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e/

2、64 Scope:Link 06UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 07RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 08TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 09collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 10RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB) TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB) 11Interrupt:20 Memory:f7

3、100000-f7120000 1213lo Link encap:Local Loopback 14inet addr: Mask: 15inet6 addr: :1/128 Scope:Host 16UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 17RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 18TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 19collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 20R

4、X bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB)检查所有的网络适配器 “-a”参数用来显示所有网络适配器(网卡)的详细信息,包括那些停用的适配器。 view source print?01avishektecmint $ ifconfig -a 0203eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E 04inet addr: Bcast:55 Mask: 05inet6 addr: fe80:422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e

5、/64 Scope:Link 06UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 07RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 08TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 09collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 10RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB) TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB) 11Interrupt:20 Memory:f

6、7100000-f7120000 1213lo Link encap:Local Loopback 14inet addr: Mask: 15inet6 addr: :1/128 Scope:Host 16UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 17RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 18TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 19collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 20

7、RX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) 2122virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0e:30:a3:3a:bf:03 23inet addr: Bcast:55 Mask: 24UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 25RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 26TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0

8、 overruns:0 carrier:0 27collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 28RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)停用网络适配器view source print?1avishektecmint $ ifconfig eth0 down启用网络适配器view source print?1avishektecmint $ ifconfig eth0 up指定IP地址到网络适配器 为网络适配器eth0设定IP地址“2”. view source print?1avishektecmint $ ifconfig e

9、th0 2更改网络适配器eth0的子网掩码 view source print?1avishektecmint $ ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.更改网络适配器eth0的广播地址 view source print?1avishektecmint $ ifconfig eth0 broadcast 55为网络适配器eth0指定IP地址,子网掩码，广播地址 view source print?1avishektecmint $ ifconfig eth0 2 netmask 255.255.2

10、55.0 broadcast 55注Note:如果你设置一块无线网卡的信息,你可以使用的命令是“iwconfig”.欲知更多ifconfig命令的例子和使用方法，读“15个有用的ifconfig 命令”. MtrS翻译于 26天前3人顶顶翻译的不错哦! 其它翻译版本(1) 正在加载.42. 命令: netstat netstat命令显示各种网络相关的信息，如网络连接,路由表,接口统计,伪装连接,组播成员身份等. 列出所有的网络端口 view source print?01avishektecmint $ netstat -a 0203Active UNIX domain

11、sockets (servers and established) 04Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path 05unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 741379 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/gpg 06unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 8965 /var/run/acpid.socket 07unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 18584 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 08unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 741385 /r

12、un/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/ssh09unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 741387 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/pkcs11 10unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 20242 /tmp/dbus-ghtTjuPN46 11unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 13332 /var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe 12unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 13331 /tmp/.winbindd/pipe 13un

13、ix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 11030 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock 14unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 19308 /tmp/ssh-qnZadSgJAbqd/agent.3221 15unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 436781 /tmp/HotShots 16unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 46110 /run/user/ravisaive/pulse/native 17unix 2 ACC STREAM LISTENING 19310 /tmp/gpg-zfE9YT

14、/S.gpg-agent 18.显示所有tcp相关端口view source print?01avishektecmint $ netstat -at 0203Active Internet connections (servers and established) 04Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State 05tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN 06tcp 0 0 *:5901 *:* LISTEN 07tcp 0 0 *:5902 *:* LISTEN 08tcp 0 0 *:x11

15、-1 *:* LISTEN 09tcp 0 0 *:x11-2 *:* LISTEN 10tcp 0 0 *:5938 *:* LISTEN 11tcp 0 0 localhost:5940 *:* LISTEN 12tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPl:domain *:* LISTEN 13tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPl:domain *:* LISTEN 14tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN 15tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48270 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http ESTABLISHE

16、D 16tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48272 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http TIME_WAIT 17tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48421 bom03s01-in-f22.1:https ESTABLISHED 18tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48269 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http ESTABLISHED 19tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:39084 channel-ecmp-06-f:https ESTABLISHED 20.显示所有连接的统计信息 view

17、source print?01avishektecmint $ netstat -s 0203Ip: 044994239 total packets received 050 forwarded 060 incoming packets discarded 074165741 incoming packets delivered 083248924 requests sent out 098 outgoing packets dropped 10Icmp: 1129460 ICMP messages received 12566 input ICMP message failed. 13ICM

18、P input histogram: 14destination unreachable: 98 15redirects: 29362 162918 ICMP messages sent 170 ICMP messages failed 18ICMP output histogram: 19destination unreachable: 2918 20IcmpMsg: 21InType3: 98 22InType5: 29362 23OutType3: 2918 24Tcp: 2594533 active connections openings 2623 passive connectio

19、n openings 275870 failed connection attempts 287194 connection resets received 29.好的！由于某些原因如果你不想解析netstat 输出的主机、端口和用户名称的话 。 view source print?1avishektecmint $ netstat -an好，你可能需要获取的 netstat 持续输出的动态信息，通过传递中断输出指令 (ctrl + c)来停止。 view source print?1avishektecmint $ netstat -c更多关于“netstat”的例子和使用方法，浏览文章“2

20、0个netstat 的使用案例”。 MtrS翻译于 26天前2人顶顶翻译的不错哦! 43. 命令： nslookup 网络实用程序，用于获得互联网服务器的信息。顾名思义，该实用程序将发现通过查询 DNS 域的名称服务器信息。 view source print?1avishektecmint $ nslookup 23Server: 4Address: #53 56Non-authoritative answer: 7Name: 8Address: 39查询 邮件 交换器 记录 view source print?01avish

21、ektecmint $ nslookup -query=mx 0203Server: 04Address: #53 0506Non-authoritative answer: 07 mail exchanger = 0 . 08 mail exchanger = 10 . 0910Authoritative answers can be found from:查询域名服务器 view source print?01avishektecmint $ nslookup -type=ns 0203Server: 04Address

22、: #53 0506Non-authoritative answer: 07 nameserver = . 08 nameserver = . 0910Authoritative answers can be found from:查询DNS记录view source print?01avishektecmint $ nslookup -type=any 0203Server: 04Address: #53 0506Non-authoritative answer: 07 mail exchanger = 10 . 08 ma

23、il exchanger = 0 . 09 nameserver = . 10 nameserver = . 11 nameserver = . 12 nameserver = . 1314Authoritative answers can be found from:查询 起始 授权机构 view source print?01avishektecmint $ nslookup -type=soa 0203Server: 04Address: #53 0506Non-authoritative answer: 07 08origin = 09ma

24、il addr = 10serial = 2012081102 11refresh = 86400 12retry = 7200 13expire = 3600000 14minimum = 86400 1516Authoritative answers can be found from:查询端口号更改使用你想要连接的端口号 view source print?1avishektecmint $ nslookup -port 56 23Server: 4Address: 39#53 56Name: 56 7Address: 2更多阅读 8个Nsloo

25、kup 命令 MtrS翻译于 26天前3人顶顶翻译的不错哦! 其它翻译版本(1) 正在加载.44. 命令: dig dig是查询DNS 域名服务器的工具，可以查询的主机地址、 邮件交流、 域名服务器相关的信息。在任何 Linux (Unix) 或 Macintosh OS X 操作系统上，都可以使用该工具。dig的最典型的用法是单个主机的查询。 view source print?1avishektecmint $ dig 23; DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 4; global options: +cmd 5; Got answer: 6; -

26、HEADER关闭注释行 view source print?01avishektecmint $ dig +nocomments 0203; DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 +nocomments 04; global options: +cmd 05;. IN A 06. 14400 IN A 39 07; Query time: 418 msec 08; SERVER: #53() 09; WHEN: Sat Jun 29 13:53:22 2013 10; MSG SIZE r

27、cvd: 45关闭认证块view source print?1avishektecmint $ dig +noauthority 23; DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 +noauthority 4; global options: +cmd 5; Got answer: 6; -HEADER关闭 其他 块view source print?1avishektecmint $ dig +noadditional 23; DiG 9.9.2-P1 +noadditional 4; global options: +cmd 5; Got answer:

28、 6; -HEADER关闭 统计块view source print?1avishektecmint $ dig +nostats 23; DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 +nostats 4; global options: +cmd 5; Got answer: 6; -HEADER关闭回复块 view source print?1avishektecmint $ dig +noanswer 23; DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 +noanswer 4; global options: +cmd

29、5; Got answer: 6; -HEADER关闭所有块 view source print?1avishektecmint $ dig +noall 23; DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 +noall 4; global options: +cmd阅读更多10 个LinuxDig 命令实例 MtrS翻译于 26天前0人顶顶翻译的不错哦! 45.命令: uptime 你连接到你的 Linux 服务器时发现一些不寻常或恶意的东西，你会做什么？猜测.不，绝不！你可以运行uptime来验证当服务器无人值守式到底发生了什么事情。 view sourc

30、e print?1avishektecmint $ uptime 2314:37:10 up 4:21, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.0446. 命令: wall 对系统管理员来说一个最重要的命令.wall发送一条消息到大家登录端将其 mesg 权限设置为yes。这条信息可以被wall作为参数，或者可以将它作为wall的标准输入。 view source print?1avishektecmint $ wall we will be going down for maintenance for one hour sharply at 03:30 p

31、m23Broadcast message from rootlocalhost.localdomain (pts/0) (Sat Jun 29 14:44:02 2013): 45we will be going down for maintenance for one hour sharply at 03:30 pmMtrS翻译于 26天前1人顶顶翻译的不错哦! 其它翻译版本(1) 正在加载.47. 命令: mesg 其他人们可以使用wtrite命令,将在在向您发送文本到屏幕上。你可以控制是否显示。 view source print?1mesg n|y n - prevents the m

32、essage from others popping up on the screen. y Allows messages to appear on your screen.48. 命令: write 如果 mesg 是 y，让你的文本直接发送到另一台 Linux 机器的屏幕。. view source print?1avishektecmint $ write ravisaive49. 命令: talk 增强的write命令，talk命令可让你与其他登录的用户交谈。 view source print?1avishektecmint $ talk ravisaive注释: 如果 talk

33、命令没安装的话,可以通过apt或yum 安装所需的包. view source print?1avishektecmint $ yum install talk 2OR 3avishektecmint $ apt-get install talkMtrS翻译于 26天前1人顶顶翻译的不错哦! 50. 命令：w 是否觉得命令w很滑稽？但是事实上不是的。它是一个命令，尽管只有一个字符长！命令w是uptime和who命令，以前后的顺序组合在一起。 view source print?1avishektecmint $ w 2315:05:42 up 4:49, 3 users, load avera

34、ge: 0.02, 0.01, 0.00 4USER TTY FROM LOGIN IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT 5server tty7 :0 14:06 4:43m 1:42 0.08s pam: gdm-passwo 6server pts/0 :0.0 14:18 0.00s 0.23s 1.65s gnome-terminal 7server pts/1 :0.0 14:47 4:43 0.01s 0.01s bash51. 命令: rename 见名知意，这个命令重命名文件。rename将会通过从文件名的首字符开始替换，重命名为指定的文件名。 view source pr

35、int?1Give the file names a1, a2, a3, a4.1213仅仅写这些命令：Lesus 注： 在Ubuntu上不支持这种格式， rename与mv不同的是，rename可以批量修改，如同带了while的mv操作。 view source print?1rename a1 a0 a? 2rename a1 a0 a?Lesus翻译于 26天前2人顶顶翻译的不错哦! 52. 命令: top 显示CPU进程信息。这个命令自动刷新，默认是持续显示CPU进程信息，除非使用了中断指令。 view source print?01avishektecmint $ top0203to

36、p - 14:06:45 up 10 days, 20:57, 2 users, load average: 0.10, 0.16, 0.21 04Tasks: 240 total, 1 running, 235 sleeping, 0 stopped, 4 zombie 05%Cpu(s): 2.0 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 97.5 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st 06KiB Mem: 2028240 total, 1777848 used, 250392 free, 81804 buffers 07KiB Swap: 3905532 total, 156748 used, 3748784 free, 381456 cached 0809PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1023768 ravisaiv 20 0 1428m 571m