oracleocp题库dba经典辅助学习1.2oracle概述

1、Oracle数据库简介Database Administrator TasksPlan and create databases Manage database availabilityManage physical and logical structuresManage storage based on designManage securityNetwork administrationBackup and recoveryDatabase tuningOracle简介Oracle含义: 神寓，甲骨文，一切智慧的源泉oracle 公司1977年在率先推出关系型数踞库软件。1979年首先推

2、出基于SQL标准的关系数据库产品。1991年进入中国。2003年收购仁科（PeopleSoft）。Oracle可在100多种硬件平台上运行（所括微机、工作站、小型机、中型机和大型机），支持几乎所有操作系统。世界第一大数据库软件公司世界第二大软件公司财富100强中的98家公司都采用Oracle技术。ORACLE CEO : 埃里森Larry EllisonOracle数据库发展史6.0 （1988）性能不如 SyBase（C/S）7.0 （1992）分区技术支持分段的大型数据库 真正的成功8.0 （1997）面向对象8i (8.1.6 ) （1998）面向Internet 支持Java 、Web

3、server、Jdeveloper9i （2001）Real Application Clusters（RAC），Portal， 支持手机上网10g （2003） 支持网格Grid11i ORACLE系统特点 支持大数据库、多用户的高性能的事务处理。ORACLE遵守数据存取语言、操作系统、用户接口和网络通信协议的工业标准，所以它是一个开放系统 。 实施安全性控制和完整性控制。 支持分布式数据库和分布处理。 具有可移植性、可兼容性和可连接性。 Oracle Internet PlatformClientsSystem managementNetwork servicesDatabasesAppl

4、icationserversDevelopment toolsInternet applicationsPresentation andbusiness logicBusiness logicand dataAny browserAny FTP clientAny mailclientJavaSQLPL/SQLRelational and Object Relational Database Management SystemRelational model and object relational modelUser-defined data types and objectsFully

5、compatible with relational databaseSupport of multimedia and large objectsHigh-quality database server featuresDatabase Administration ToolsToolDescriptionOracle Universal Installer (OUI)Used to install, upgrade, or remove software componentsOracle Database Configuration AssistantA graphical user in

6、terface tool that interacts with the OUI, or can be used independently, to create, delete or modify a databasePassword File UtilityUtility for creating a database password fileSQL*PlusA utility to access data in an Oracle databaseOracle Enterprise ManagerA graphical interface used to administer, mon

7、itor, and tune one or more databasesOracle Universal InstallerUsed to install, upgrade, or remove software components, and create a databaseBased on a Java engineFeatures include:Automatic dependency resolution Allows for Web-based installationsTracking inventory of component and suite installations

8、Deinstallation of installed componentsSupport for multiple Oracle homesSupport for globalization technologyOracle Database Configuration AssistantThe Oracle Database Configuration Assistant allows you to:Create a databaseConfigure database optionsDelete a databaseManage templatesOptimal Flexible Arc

9、hitecture (OFA)Oracles mended standard database architecture layoutOFA involves three major rulesEstablish a directory structure where any database file can be stored on any disk resourceSeparate objects with different behavior into different tablespacesMaximize database reliability and performance

10、by separating database components across different disk resourcesOracle Software and File Locations oracle_base/product/admin /inst_name /pfile/release_number/bin/dbs/rdbms/sqlplusSoftwareoradata/db01/system01.dbfcontrol01.ctlredo0101.log.db02/system01.dbfcontrol01.ctlredo0101.log.FilesSQL*PlusSQL*P

11、lus is an Oracle tool that provides the capability to interact with and manipulate the database.Provides the ability to start up and shutdown the database, create and run queries, add rows, modify data, and write customized reportsSubset of the standard SQL language with specific add ons Oracle Ente

12、rprise ManagerServes as a centralized systems management console for DBAsProvides a set of common services that help manage the Oracle environmentIncludes integrated applicationsManages the environment such as databases, web servers and listenersA tool to administer, diagnose and tune multiple datab

13、asesProvides tools for administering parallel servers and replicated databasesOracleserverOracleserverOracleserverOracle Enterprise Manager Architecture:Java-Based Console and ApplicationsConsoleRepositoryOracle ManagementServerAgentOracle ManagementServerAgentAgentOracle ManagementServerRepositoryO

14、racleserverOracleserverOracleserverAgentAgentOracle Enterprise Manager Architecture:Managed NodesClient TierMiddle TierServer TierOracle NetOracle NetOracle NetConsoleOracle ManagementServerAgentOracle Enterprise ManagerConsole ConsoleCentral launching point for all applicationsCan be run in thin mo

15、de or as a fat clientCan be launched either standalone or through Oracle Management ServerDBA ToolsStandard applications that can be launched from theConsole:Instance ManagerSecurity ManagerStorage ManagerSchema ManagerSQL*Plus Worksheet9i与8i并发集群，8i OPS升级为9i RAC，8i结点间用硬盘交换信息，9i结点间采用高速网线的缓存熔合(Cache F

16、usion)技术交换信息，交换速度提高100倍以上。 9i可以在线修改内核参数和内存分配，8i不行。 数据文件和表空间管理，8i手工管理，9i自动管理。 9i比8i增强了对ANSI SQL99的支持。 9i比8i增强了故障后的快速恢复(Fast-start)。 8i只支持物理备份(physical backup)数据库，9i还增加了支持逻辑备份(logical backup)数据库，使备份数据库除了作为主数据库的镜像外，还可以提供其他数据服务. 10g与9i10g的g是“Grid”缩写，支持网格计算，即，多台结点服务器利用高速网络组成一个虚拟的高性能服务器，负载在整个网格中均衡(Load Ba

17、lance)，按需增删结点，避免单点故障(Single Point of Faliure)。 安装容易，安装工作量比9i减少了一半。 新增基于浏览器的企业管理器(Enterprise Manager)。 自动存储管理(ASM)，增删硬盘不再需要操作系统管理员设置的镜像、负载均衡、物理卷、逻辑卷、分区、文件系统，一条Oracle命令，ASM会自动管理增加或删除的硬盘。 内存自动化，根据需要自动分配和释放系统内存。 SQL性能调整自动化。 免费提供基于浏览器的小应用开发工具Oracle Application Express(原名HTML DB)，支持10g和9i R2。10g与9i快速纠正人为错误的闪回(Flashback)查询和恢复，可以恢复数据库、表甚至记录。 数据泵(Data Pump)高速导入、导出数据