1v1化讲义34分口语14课时spk5

1、 Lesson 3 Film and entertainment重点内容The Lion King soundtrack was partly written by Elton John.Star Wars was released in 1977.In The Bank Robber, $2bn dollars are stolen from a bank.Filmmaking is said to be a lucrative industry.Simple passive deceive v. 欺骗 injured a. 受伤的 prescription n. 处方 partly ad.

2、 部分地 soundtrack n. 电影配音 release v. 发行 steal, stole, stolen v. 偷 filmmaking n. 电影摄制 lucrative a. 有利可图 distort v. 扭曲 monitor v. 监控 detrimental a. 有害的 dictate n. 命令 competitive a. 竞争的 influential a. 有影响力的 contractually n. 合同性地 restrict v. 限制 plot n. 情节 district n. 区域 basically ad. 基本上 force v. 强迫 horri

3、fying a. 令人惊骇的 character n. 角色 mend v. 推荐Forming the passive (被动语态的构成)：1. 及物动词：be + p.p.句型结构：be+及物动词（或短语）的过去分词英语语法中仅有及动词有被动形式。被动语态可以使用于各种时态。一般现在时：My mother is not easily deceived. (我妈妈不是容意上当受骗的。)一般过去时：A new house was built in this town. (有一栋新房子盖在在这个城市里。)一般将来时：She will be successed to win this case.

4、（这个案子她将会胜诉。)一般过去将来时：Somebody said that this museum would be built in 5 months. (有人说这栋博物馆五个月内可以盖完,)过去进行时：All the injured visitors were being taken care of by the nurses. (所有受伤的游客都有护士在照顾着。)现在进行时：This subject is being discussed by all the department directors in company now.(所有的公司部门主管部在讨论这个话题。)现在完成时：Th

5、e laundry has been done. (衣服己经部洗好了。)Forming the passive (被动语态的构成)：2. 助动词 当句中动词为助动词形态时，转变为被动语态的句结构：助动词 + be + p.p.All the players could be found in the gym. (所有的选手都可以在体育馆中被找到。)Forming the passive (被动语态的构成)：3. 双宾语：间接宾语变主语，直接主语变保留宾语一个句型结构中，如果存在两个宾语，而需将句中的动词改为被动语态时，通常是将间接宾语往前拉作主语，直接宾语变成了保留宾语。如果主动结构中的直接宾

6、语变为被动结构中的主语，这时在间接宾语前需要加介词to（可省去）或for（不可省）。Forming the passive (被动语态的构成)：3. 双宾语：间接宾语变主语，直接主语变保留宾语The doctor gave me a prescription. 直接宾语：prescription, 间接宾语: me=I was given a prescription by the doctor.=A prescription was given to me by the doctor.(医生帮我开了一张处方笺。）Mickey brought me a gift. 直接宾语：gift, 间接宾

7、语: me=I was brought a gift by Mickey.=A gift was brought for me by Mickey. (米奇带了一份礼物给我)The passive 被动语态的基本用法：Academic Language often uses the passive voice. The passive is used for the following reasons: To focus on who/what receives the action 强调动作的承受者时In the passive sentence the important focus is

8、 on The Lion King. Here, the text around this sentence is more likely to be about The Lion King. In the first sentence, the text is more Likely about Elton John.ACTIVE SENTENCEElton John partly wrote The Lion Kina soundtrack.PASSIVE SENTENCEThe Lion King soundtrack was partly written by Elton John.T

9、he passive 被动语态的基本用法：Academic Language often uses the passive voice. The passive is used for the following reasons: 2. When who/what does the action is unimportant or irrelevant 动作执行者没有必要提出时Who released the film is unimportant and irrelevant to the message. ACTIVE SENTENCEThe film company released S

10、tar Wars in 1977.PASSIVE SENTENCEStar Wars was released in 1977.The passive 被动语态的基本用法：Academic Language often uses the passive voice. The passive is used for the following reasons：3. To avoid saying who is doing the action 希望省略执行者时Here, if the active subject is used Harry Flint, we will reveal the p

11、lot of the film.ACTIVE SENTENCEIn The Bank Robber, Harry Flint stole $2bn dollars from a bank.PASSIVE SENTENCEThe Bank Robber, $2bn dollars are stolen from a bank.The passive 被动语态的基本用法：Academic Language often uses the passive voice. The passive is used for the following reasons: 4. When we dont want

12、 to say it is our opinion, which is a common technique in academic writing, we often use the passive. Additionally, to avoid using they or people the passive can be used with reporting verbs. 学术写作中避免表述是个人观点和用于引用动词时Note: It is said that filmmaking is a lucrative industry, is also possible.ACTIVE SENT

13、ENCEPeople say that filmmaking is a lucrative industry.PASSIVE SENTENCEFilmmaking is said to be a lucrative industry.Passive constructions 被动结构Present simpleam/is/are + past participlePresent continuousam/is/are + being + past participlePast simplewas/were + past participlePast continuouswas/were +

14、being + past participlePresent perfecthave/has + been + past participlePresent perfect continuous (unusual)have/has + been + being + past participlePast perfecthad + been + past participlePast perfect continuous (unusual)had + been + being + past participleUsed toused to + be + past participleWouldw

15、ould + be + past participleWillwill + be + past participleGoing tois/are + going to + be + past participleModal constructions - present/futuree.g. should + be + past participleModal constructions - paste.g. should have + been + past participleSemi-modal constructionse.g. had to + be + past participl

16、eOther Passive Constructions (avoiding using the subject)A common way to use most reporting verbs in the passive is：to be + past participle of the reporting verb + to + past participleActive： People say that films distort real life.Passive： Films are said to distort real life.Active： They advise par

17、ents to monitor the programmes their children watch.Passive： Parents are advised to monitor the programmes their children watch.Some verbs (e.g. say, know, believe, understand, find) can also be used in the following structure：It is/was/has been + past participle of the reporting verb + that + claus

18、eActive： People say that films distort real life.Passive： It is said that films distort real life.Active： Researchers have found that too many hours watching television can be detrimental. Passive： It has been found that too many hours watching television can be detrimental.Practice 1: Change the fo

19、llowing active sentences into passive sentences. Leave out the active subject if possible.1. To a certain extent, the entertainment industry is dictating popular culture.2. People should avoid the new Broadway play Star Memories.3. In the USA, people have voted cinema-going as the most popular weeke

20、nd hobby. 4. People know that the entertainment industry is very competitive.Practice 1: Change the following active sentences into passive sentences. Leave out the active subject if possible.5. People regard Hollywood as the most influential town for filmmaking.6. At the beginning of the 20th centu

21、ry, large film companies contractually restricted famous actors and actresses.7. In relation to the plot of the book, someone had changed the ending of the film.8. Someone told us to sit in seats 4a and 4b.Practice 1: Change the following active sentences into passive sentences. Leave out the active

22、 subject if possible.To a certain extent, the entertainment industry is dictating popular culture.To a certain extent, popular culture is being dictated by the entertainment industry.2. People should avoid the new Broadway play Star Memories.The new Broadway play, Star Memories, should be avoided.3.

23、 In the USA, people have voted cinema-going as the most popular weekend hobby. In the USA, cinema-going has been voted as the most popular weekend hobby.People know that the entertainment industry is very competitive.The entertainment industry is known to be very competitive. OR It is known that the

24、 entertainment industry is very competitive.Practice 1: Change the following active sentences into passive sentences. Leave out the active subject if possible.5. People regard Hollywood as the most influential town for filmmaking.Hollywood is regarded as the most influential town for filmmaking.6. A

25、t the beginning of the 20th century, large film companies contractually restricted famous actors and actresses.At the beginning of the 20th Century, famous actors and actresses were contractually restricted (by large film companies).7. In relation to the plot of the book, someone had changed the end

26、ing of the film.In relation to the plot of the book, the ending of the film had been changed.8. Someone told us to sit in seats 4a and 4b.We were told to sit in seats 4a and 4b.Practice 2: In this Speaking Part 2 long turn answer, the student is speaking about her favourite book. She has made some m

27、istakes in her grammar. Read the script and correct the mistakes. Then listen the record and check your answers.My favourite book is called the Hunger Games. It was wrote by Suzanne Collins I think and it is a really good book. The story is set in North America, but at a time when things are very ba

28、d. Its a story of a terrible society, which separated into districts. A boy and girl from each district send to take part in the Hunger Games. These games are televised for everyone to see. The games are basically a fight to the death for the children taking part. The story follows a girl called Kat

29、niss, who forced to take part in the games when she offers herself up instead of her sister. Practice 2: In this Speaking Part 2 long turn answer, the student is speaking about her favourite book. She has made some mistakes in her grammar. Read the script and correct the mistakes. Then listen the re

30、cord and check your answers. I like the story so much because it is very exciting. At first, I found it really horrifying, but the more I read it, the more I couldnt put the book down. I really came to like the main character too. She is so strong. I was mend this book by some friends and it didnt d

31、isappoint me.Practice 2: My favourite book is called the Hunger Games. It was wrote written by Suzanne Collins I think and it is a really good book. The story is set in North America, but at a time when things are very bad. Its a story of a terrible society, which separated into districts. A boy and

32、 girl from each district send are sent to take part in the Hunger Games. These games are televised for everyone to see. The games are basically a fight to the death for the children taking part. The story follows a girl called Katniss, who forced to take part in the games when she offers herself up

33、instead of her sister. I like the story so much because it is very exciting. At first, I found it really horrifying, but the more I read it, the more I couldnt put the book down. I really came to like the main character too. She is so strong. I was mended this book by some friends and it didnt disappoint me. is isPractice 3: B