英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略ppt课件

1、Translation of discourse英汉互译篇章翻译原那么与战略Translation of discourseWhat is the discourse?Discourse means either written or spoken communication. The term is often used in semantics and discourse analysis. 汉语定义篇章text是表达整体概念的语义单位。篇章是言语在交际中，特别是在书面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连串句子和段落的集合，而是一个构造完好、功能明确的语义一致体。陈宏薇篇章翻译是指高于句子

2、层次或句以上的言语单位的翻译。王治奎篇章特征篇章它具有方式和逻辑的一致性。语篇并非是互不关联的句子的简单堆积，而是一些意义相联络的句子为到达一定交际目的，经过各种衔接手段而实现的有机结合。一A Comparison Between Chinese Discourse and English Discourse1.The Similarities 1.1 Cohesion (衔接(cohesive devices)It concerns how the actual words we hear or see are mutually connected within a sequence.词汇上

3、的衔接关系1.2 Coherence 衔接性(coherent)It concerns the ways in which the components of the textual word are mutually accessible and relevant. (distribute knowledge or attain a object)意义上的内在联络2. The Differences2.1 Chinese DiscourseInductive归纳性的 Spiral English Discourse Deductive演绎性的Straight 他出生在这一类人中间，出生在这种

4、地方，他还有这样的母亲，这些要是让他知道的话，他会多么丢人。 He knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.2.2 Parataxis VS HypotaxisChinese discourse -parataxis(意合English discourse-Hypotaxis (形合Example(1)牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾

5、，一泻千里。Translation: Waves upon waves, the Peony River rushed violently down its long course like a horse galloping.2.3 Subject consciousness VS Object consciousnessChinese discourse-Subject consciousness(主体认识-person as subject主语English discourse-Object consciousness客体认识-Thing as subjectGeneral princi

6、ples英汉语篇在构造形状和逻辑关系上类似时，普通可以采用“临摹的方法，按照源语的开展思绪，在译语中复制或根本照搬源语行文的建构方式。这种方法称作“逻辑顺组 logic copying。由于汉英在言语构造，语篇衔接方式，逻辑层次等方面存在很大的差别，汉英互译时往往需求进展 “逻辑重组 (logic reshuffling)(二衔接与衔接(cohesion and coherence )1 cohesionHalliday & Hasan 在Cohesion in English 中将英语的衔接手段分成五大类照应 reference替代 substitution省略 ellipsis词汇衔接 l

7、exical cohesion 衔接 conjunction1.1 reference (照应Personal reference (人称照应人称照应是经过人称代词(如 they, she, him 等、所属限定词如his, your, its 等,和所属代词hers, theirs， mine 等和冠词指示代词来实现。英语人称代词以及相应的限定词的运用率大大高于汉语。 为了衔接严密增译代词和冠词孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的独一的人。他身体高大；青白神色，皱纹间时常夹些伤痕；一部乱蓬蓬的花白的胡子。穿的虽然是长衫，可是又脏又破，似乎十多年没有补，也没有洗。Kong was the only lo

8、ng-gowned customer to drink his wine standing. He was a big man, strangely pallid, with scars that often showed among the wrinkles of his face. He had a large unkempt beard, streaked with white. Although he wore a long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mende

9、d for over ten years. (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang) 每年农历十二月二十以后，海岛上的居民便开场进入过年倒计时。先搞卫生，掸去一年尘土。接着预备食品，做年糕，炒倭豆、炒番薯片、打米花糖。二十五、二十六起，家家户户开场“谢年：祀祖先。Every year after the 20th of the lunar 12th month, inhabitants on the island would start their countdown on the Spring Festival. They would sweep their house

10、s clean, flickering every bit of dust off the furniture. After that they begin to prepare various foods: steamed New Year cakes, fried beans, fired sweet potato chips, and baked rice cookies. On the 25th and 26th of the month, households start their “New Year Thanks-giving rites to pay homage to the

11、ir ancestors. 1.2 Substitution (替代Substitution could be found in Chinese language and English Language, but comparatively, it is used more frequently in English Language.甲：玛丽学近代文学，不学近代言语学。乙: 她学近代历史么？A：Mary studies modern literature and doesnt do modern linguistics.B：Does she do modern history?1.3 el

12、lipsisChinese -repetitionEnglish-ellipsis近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Association with the good can only produce good, with the wicked, evil.阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思想。Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking , ones tongue; while writing, ones mind.1.4 lexical cohesion (词汇衔接Chinese- lexical repetition 词汇反复English-Semanti

13、c repetition语义反复 or relative pronoun1每年有2000多个等待器官移植的病人濒于死亡 人体器官的短缺非常严重。More than 2，000 patients are dying annually while waiting for transplant,The shortage of organs is so serious2)这个时候他来了，而这时我根本想不到他会来。He came at a time when I least expected him.3)那是一个冰冷潮湿的晚上，这样的晚上大部分人呆在家里。It was one of those cold

14、, wet evenings when most people stay indoors.1.5 conjunction衔接成分本身就具有明确含义，经过在语篇中运用这类衔接性词语，“人们可以了解子句之间的语义联络，甚至可经前句从逻辑上预见后续句的语义。胡壮麟，1994：92表示递进关系：also, too, furthermore, besides, moreover, in addition, what is more 表示因果关系：because, for. For this reason. Since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, conseque

15、ntly, of course, accordingly表示文章意义的转机或对比：although, however, on the contrary, still, but, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, though, in fact, on the other hand, as a matter of fact表示文章中事件发生的时空顺序：first, second, third after this/that, meanwhile, suddenly, and so on, then, before, next, formerly, later,

16、finally in the end, at last表示列举：firstly, secondly, for one thing, for another; first of all, to begin with, then, last , in conclusion, last of all, to conclude表示举例、解释：for example, for instance, that is, namely, to illustrate表示总结：in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on the whole, to conclude

17、, to summarize本人在香港创业二十余年，历尽艰苦，虽在事业上略有成就，但也饱尝人世间的风风雨雨。每次回乡总是得到家乡各级指点的热情接待，心头总有一种温馨的感受，一种到家的觉得。 It has been more than 20 years since I started my career in Hong Kong, where I have weathered through various hardships . My modest achievements in business also go along with multitudinous pains and tears

18、. As a result, every time when I return to my hometown, where I am given warm receptions by the local government leaders, my heart will be over flown with tenderness and affection, for it gives me a feeling of home. Reference指称2)Reference is greatly encouraged to use in English discourse. But it is

19、seldom adopted in Chinese discourse. 他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.名落孙山孙山，滑稽才子也。赴举时，乡人托以子偕往。榜发，乡人子失意，山缀榜先归。乡人问其子得失，山曰： “ 解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在山外。名落孙山： A name after the last one on the list.孙山，滑稽才子也: Sunshan was a talented scholar known for his sense of humou

20、r赴举时，乡人托以子偕往: Sunshan was about to set off to sit for an imperial civil examination at the country level when a villager came to ask him to accompany with his son who was leaving for the same purpose.榜发，乡人子失意，山缀榜先归。When the list of successful candidates was published/ made public, the villagers son

21、turned out a failure, and Sunshans name was, by good fortune, the last one on the list, Sunshan first hurried home with glad news.乡人问其子的失，山曰The villager was extremely anxious and asked him about his sons fortune. Sun replied suggestively in verse.解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。Sun Shan is at the end of the name-li

22、st, your worthy son comes after Sunsan.三Translation Techniques1假设静思太久，觉得孤单了，无妨翻开他得意的书，书会使他轻松让他充实。2在静静的空间里读一本好书，好像冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。3平日，因任务太忙，或交际太繁，他难得与古今中外的智者交谈。4而今，他却可以凝神倾听他们的教导了。5在静心的阅读中，他的学问逐渐得到增长。6他也可以依随本人的喜好，去干任何一件感兴趣的事。7静静地听一段音乐，专注地画几笔画，仔细摆一盘残局，甚至翻翻往日影集，想念一番遥远的朋友。8这些，无一不是人生的高兴。 1假设静思太久，觉得孤单了，无妨翻开他得意的书，书会使他轻松让他充实。1When loneliness comes over you as a result of too much thinking, a favorite book will ease your mind and broaden your horizons. 点评： shift of perspective(视角转化, combination合并),amplification(增词2在静静的空间里读一本好书，好像冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。Reading a good book is