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1、长难句结构分析主语宾语np1主谓语动词n+1先主干后修饰np1 V np1 S=np1 of np2 on np3 that v1 o1 V O=np1 of np2 that v1 o1, which v2o2. 先主句后从句 Although SVO,SVO. 1长名词短语(LNP)NP1 of NP2 on NP3 in NP4NP1 of NP2 of why S V ONP1 of NP2, done by, to NP3NP1s NP2 to NP3 about NP4His NP1 of NP2 over NP3 抓住第一实义名词2LNP: p54.29Between the e
2、arly 1870s and the 1890s, the mounting agrarian discontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets. 3LNP: p89.5A critique of the Handlins interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that
3、 assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded. 4LNP: p128.4But after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phen
4、omena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. 5LNP: p128.11The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief c
5、essation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). 6一个逻辑层次: SVO一层修饰: S(that)VO(that)S V O,NP/adj./as NP, adv. same as Sv-ed, v-ing to v. such asthat/which/who by v-ing,NP that, # S=that SVO; O=that SVO. 7S(that) V O(that): p72.19The ease with which a fish can reverse th
6、e effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, especially the optic nerves, for the answer. 8S(that) V O(that): p54.16The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier hel
7、ped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century. 9S(that) V O(that): p89.28Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America such as a
8、Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. 10S(that) V O(that): p74.8My point is that its central consciousness its profound understanding of clas
9、s and gender as shaping influences on peoples lives owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics. 11S(that) V O(that): p36.23Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by m
10、easuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. 12多层修饰:递归原则 S (that (that) V O (that (that (that). 1 3Research has demonstrated that advective flow, which origina
11、tes near the surface of the ocean where suspended particulate matter accumulates, transports some of that matter and water to the vents. (p105.34)13S (that) V O (that (that): p36.11Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net
12、 phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. 14S (that) V O (that (that): p80.1In the early 1950s, historians who studied preindustrial Eu
13、rope (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishop
14、s, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. 15S (that) V O (that (that): p94.17All this was unified by being subjected to the same kind of religious scrutiny, the impact of which varied greatly, being almost nonexistent in some fields, and in others originating novel institu
15、tions. 16SVO; SVO两个逻辑层次:并列与对比If / When / Because SVO, SVO.SVO: SVO; SVO; and SVO. Although SVO, SVO. S less VO than VO. SVO; however SVO. 17SVO(that); S(that)VO(that): p76.7In addition, the Iliad, more than the Odyssey, suggests the complexity of the gods involvement in human actions, and to the ext
16、ent that modern readers find this complexity a needless complication, the Iliad is less satisfying than the Odyssey, with its simpler scheme of divine justice. 18SVO(that); S(that)VO(that): p168.3According to Arrom, households headed by females and instances of women working outside the home were mu
17、ch more common than scholars have estimated; efforts by the Mexican government to encourage female education resulted in increased female literacy; and influential male writers wrote pieces advocating education, employment, and increased family responsibilities for women, while deploring womens poli
18、tical and marital inequality. 19SVO(that); S(that)VO(that): p94.9Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later pa
19、rts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora. 20多层修饰+多个逻辑SVO(that(that); S(that)VO(that(that). SVO(that); SVO(that); SVO(that(that).先主干后修饰;先主句后从句 S, NP that, V, O that (which) and that ; SVO that, while v-ing that, witho
20、ut v-ing, v-edwhich., with NP that VO; however, S, which, V to V, O that is less than O whose because SVO such as NP, NP, and NP. 21SVO(that(that); S(that)VO(that(that).Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comp
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