英语简单句PPT课件(PPT 72页)

1、取得英语语法成功的基石句子成分1.第1页，共72页。词类作 用例 词1. （n.）名 词表示人或事物的名称。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.）代词代替名词、数词等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach2.第2页，共72页。3. （adj.）形容词表示人或事物的特征或性状。He is small but he is clever. The red pen is useful for the teacher.

2、He painted the wall white yesterday.3.第3页，共72页。4. (num.）数词表示数目或顺序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5. （v.）动 词表示动作或状态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.4.第4页，共72页。6. （adv.）副 词表示动作的特征或性状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly .T

3、he train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介 词表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.5.第5页，共72页。8. （conj.）连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I cant .9. (interj.）感叹词表示强烈的感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene

4、 is! What a good idea! Goodness !10. （art.）冠词用来限制名词的意义I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.6.第6页，共72页。句子成分7.第7页，共72页。一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after

5、school is great fun.句首8.第8页，共72页。1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.二、谓语谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.动词9.第9页，共72页。情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.10.第10页，共72页。1

6、）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stayHe always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 系动词11.第11页，共72页。3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very swe

7、et. 12.第12页，共72页。5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。13.第13页，共72页。三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said tha

8、t he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.及物动词介词14.第14页，共72页。表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .四、表语15.第15页，共72页。定语：用来修饰_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my

9、 wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定语名词16.第16页，共72页。状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、状语17.第17页，共72页。John often came to chat with me( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( )She is sitting at

10、 the desk, doing her homework. ( )My father worked in this school ten years ago.( )Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )He came running.( )程度，目的地点，伴随地点，时间让步方式原因18.第18页，共72页。补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）19.第19页，共72页。同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The

11、Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语20.第20页，共72页。 时态 主动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时will dowould dodo / does didis / am / are doingwas / were doinghas / have donehad donehas / have been doinghad been doing will

12、have done21.第21页，共72页。 时态 被动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时will be donewould be doneis/am/are donewas/were doneis/am/are being donewas/were being donehas/have been donehad been donewill have been done22.第22页，共72页。一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. H

13、e likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真

14、正的主语23.第23页，共72页。二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.(

15、)名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语24.第24页，共72页。二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most wa

16、s that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词25.第25页，共72页。三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My brother is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teache

17、r.( )The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词26.第26页，共72页。三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( )There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）Will you tell us about your teac

18、hing plan?（ ）This is the very book that I need. （ ）过去分词不定式动名词从句27.第27页，共72页。四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：He is often late for class.( )We saw that picture at the cinema.( )He sat there smoking.( )They returned tired and hungry. （ ）They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）Although he is young,

19、he knows a lot. ( )The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句28.第28页，共72页。四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）He was angry because we were late( ）If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句29.第29

20、页，共72页。五、宾语补足语：I consider Jim a good friend.( )I always find her happy.( )People praised him as a hero.( )I had the TV fixed.( )I saw him entering the building.( )What made you think so?( )Do you want me to go?( )形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式30.第30页，共72页。英语句子的种类简单句 (simple sentence)并列句 (compound sen

21、tence)复合句 (complex sentence)31.第31页，共72页。简单句的五种基本句型32.第32页，共72页。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。33.第33页，共72页。英语五种基本句型：1.+ (主谓)2.+ (主系表)3.+ (主谓宾)4.+IO +D(主谓间宾 直宾）5.+ + +O(主谓宾 宾补)34.第34页，共72页。 基本句型 一 +（主谓） 此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。35.第35页，共72页。基本句

22、型一 主谓 （S + V）S + VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.36.第36页，共72页。基本句型一 主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.37.第37页，共72页。 （不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies.

23、 rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.38.第38页，共72页。练习1鸟正在飞翔。2她的宝宝正在哭。3太阳正在落山。（set）Birds are flying. Her baby is crying. The sun is setting. 39.第39页，共72页。 基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词

24、叫做连系动词。40.第40页，共72页。系动词主要分三类：be, look, feel, smell, taste, soundseem, appear get, grow, become, turn, go, come, prove (turn out)变得stay, keep, remain保持 be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义41.第41页，共72页。基本句型二 主系表S+V+PHe is happy.Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.42.第42页，共72页。基本句型二 主系表SVPHei

25、shappy.Everythinglooksnice. His faceturnedred.43.第43页，共72页。Our school became larger and larger.city/become/beautifulfeel/happy主语 + 系动词 + 表语44.第44页，共72页。练习1今天我感觉不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。3 你的汤味道很好。I dont feel very well today.He looks very tired. Your soup tastes very good. 45.第45页，共72页。 基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特

26、点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。46.第46页，共72页。（实义动词）(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. I 7. He the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. to have a cup of tea. Good morning. knows laughs at understands made ate want said 47.第47页，共72页。基本句型三 主谓宾 S+V+OWe st

27、udy English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.48.第48页，共72页。基本句型三 主谓宾SVOWeTheyHestudyare playingenjoysEnglish everyday.football.reading.49.第49页，共72页。 基本句型 四+IO +D(主谓间宾直宾) 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。50.第50页，共72页。（

28、及物）（多指人）（多指物）1.She2.She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himhusband heryou her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 51.第51页，共72页。My friend lent me this

29、book last week.buy/bicycle/next Christmastell/news/the day beforeyesterday 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S + V +(sb)+(sth)52.第52页，共72页。一些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，如：give, show, lend, send, pass等；一些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如：make, buy, choose, play, cook等。Could you lend the storybook to me?My father bought a new bike for

30、me yesterday.53.第53页，共72页。基本句型四 SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）I give him a book.My mother bought me a pen yesterday.I showed him my picture.54.第54页，共72页。基本句型四SV（及物）OOIgivehima book.My motherboughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.55.第55页，共72页。 基本句型 五 +（主谓宾补） 此句型的句子特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来

31、补足宾语才能使意思完整。56.第56页，共72页。（及物）O（宾语）O（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back. getting on the bus. keep painted call found makes saw asked saw57.第57页，共72页。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S + V + (O

32、) + (OC) I found him lying in bed.hear/cry/next roomsee/trees/plant/park58.第58页，共72页。I asked him to do his homework.he/teach/pupils/speak/Englishshe/advise/him/listen/every dayshe/allow/me/use/dictionary主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S + V + (O) + (OC) 59.第59页，共72页。基本句型五S+V（及物）+O (宾语)+C（宾补）We must keep the door o

33、pen.The news makes me happy.We call him Jim.He told me to wash the plates.I saw a thief going into your room.60.第60页，共72页。基本句型五SV（及物）O (宾语)C（宾补）Wemust keepthe dooropen.The newsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldme to wash the plates.Isawa thiefgoing into your room.61.第61页，共72页。常用的带复合宾语的动词think, conside

34、r, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc.62.第62页，共72页。指出下列句子属于哪种基本句型。A. 主语+不及物动词B. 主语+及物动词+宾语C. 主语+系动词+表语D. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语( ) 1. The children are playing soccer.( ) 2. He found his new job interesting.( ) 3. The boys face turned red.( ) 4. Is the little

35、 girl crying over there?( ) 5. Betty sent me a model plane last week.BECAD63.第63页，共72页。连词成句，并判断其句子类型，从方框中选出对应的序号填入括号内。1. (surprised, the, looks, man)_. ( )2. (lent, two, I, Ann, books)_.( )A. 主+谓 B. 主+谓+宾C. 主+系+表 D. 主+谓+间宾+直宾E. 主+谓+宾+宾补The man looks surprisedCI lent Ann two booksD64.第64页，共72页。3. (doing, is, his, he, homework)_. ( )4. (the, happily, smiled, girl)_. ( )5. (invited, Bill, party, to, his, me) _. ( )He is doing his homeworkBThe girl smiled happilyABill invited me to his partyE65.第