51单片机英文翻译

1、Single chip brief introductionThe monolithic integrated circuit said that the monolithic micro controller, it is not completes some logical function the chip, but integrates a computer system to a chip on. Summary speaking: A chip has become a computer. Its volume is small, the quality is light, and

2、 the price cheap, for the study, the application and the development has provided the convenient condition. At the same time, the study use monolithic integrated circuit is understands the computer principle and the structure best choice.The monolithic integrated circuit interior also uses with the

3、computer function similar module, SCM basic component is a central processing unit (CPU in the computing device and controller), read-only memory (usually expressed as a ROM), read-write memory (also known as Random Access Memory MRAM is usually expressed as a RAM) , input / output port (also divide

4、d into parallel port and serial port, expressed as I / O port), and so composed. In fact there is also a clock circuit microcontroller, so that during operation and control of the microcontroller, can rhythmic manner. In addition, there are so-called break system, the system is a janitor role, when

5、the microcontroller control object parameters that need to be intervention to reach a particular state, can after this janitor communicated to the CPU, so that CPU priorities of the external events to take appropriate counter-measures. what is different is its these part performance is opposite our

6、home-use computer weak many, but the price is also low, generally does not surpass 10 Yuan thenMade some control electric appliance onekind with it is not the very complex work foot, We use now the completely automatic drum washer, the platoon petti-coat pipe: VCD and so on Inside the electrical app

7、liances may see its form!It is mainly takes the controlsection the core partIt is one kind of online -like real-time control computer, online -like is the scene control, needs to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is also and the off-line type computer (for instance home use PC,

8、) main differenceThe monolithic integrated circuit is depending on the procedure, and may revise. Realizes the different function through the different procedure, particularly special unique some functions, this is other component needs to take the very big effort to be able to achieve, some are the

9、 flowered big strength is also very difficult to achieve. One is not the very complex function, if develops in the 50s with the US 74 series, or the 60ss CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric circuit certainly arc a big PCB board ! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US put

10、s in the market the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference. Because only the monolithic integrated circuit compiles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence, high efficiency, as well as redundant reliabilityThe CPU is the key component of a

11、digital computer. Its purpose is to decode instruction received from memory and perform transfers, arithmetic, logic, and control operations with data stored in internal registers, memory, or I/O interface units. Externally, the CPU provides one or more buses for transferring instructions, data, and

12、 control information to and from components connected to it. A microcontroller is present in the keyboard and in the monitor in the generic computer; thus these components are also shaded. In such microcontrollers, the CPU may be quite different from those discussed in this chapter. The word lengths

13、 may be short, the number of registers small, and the instruction sets limited. Performance, relatively speaking, is poor, but adequate for the task. Most important, the cost of these microcontrollers is very low, making their use cost effective.Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost

14、is sensitive, therefore present occupies the dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly language? it was except the binary machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use?Why high-level did the language already achieve the visualization p

15、rogramming level not to use? The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit docs not have home computer such CPU, and also has not looked like the hard disk such mass memory equipment. Inside even if a visualization higher order language compilation script only then a button, also w

16、ill achieve several dozens K the sizes! Does not speak anything regarding the home use PC hard disk, but says regarding the monolithic integrated circuit cannot accept. The monolithic integrated circuit in the hardware source aspects use factor must very Gao Caixing, therefore assembly, although pri

17、mitive actually massively is using, Same truth, if attains supercomputers on operating system and the application software home use PC to come up the movement, home use PC could also not withstand.It can be said that the 20th century surmounted three the electricity the time, namely the electrical t

18、ime, the Electronic Age and already entered computer time. However, this kind of computer, usually refers to the personal computer, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the keyboard, the monitor and so on is composed. Also has a kind of computer, most people actually not how familiar. This k

19、ind of computer is entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical monolithic integrated circuit （also to call micro controller）. , This kind of computers smallest system only has used as the name suggests a piece of integrated circuit, then carries on the simple operation and the control. Be

20、cause its volume is small, usually hides in is accused the machinery the belly. It in the entire installment, plays is having like the human brains role, it went wrong, the entire installment paralyzed. Now, this kind of monolithic integrated circuits use domain already very widespread, like the int

21、elligent measuring appliance, the solid work paid by time control, the communication equipment, the guidance system, the domestic electric appliances and so on, Once each product used the monolithic integrated circuit, could get up causes the effect which the product turned to a new generation, ofte

22、n before product range crown by adjective - intelligence, like intelligence washer and so on. Now some factorys technical personnel or other extra-curricular electronic exploiter do certain products, are not the electric circuit are too complex, is the function is too simple, and is imitated extreme

23、ly easily. Investigates its reason, possibly on card, in the product has not used on the monolithic integrated circuit or other programmable logical component.中文文献译文 单片机简介 单片机又称单片微控制器，它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片，而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。 概括的讲：一块芯片就成了一台计算机。它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便 利条件。同时，学习使用单片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。单片

24、机内部也用和电脑功能类似的模块，单片机的基本组成是由中央处理器（即CPU中的运算器和控制 器）、只读存贮器（通常表示为ROM）、读写存贮器（又称随机存贮器通常表示为RAM）、输入/输出口 （又分为并行口和串行口，表示为I/O 口）等等组成。实际上单片机里面还有一个时钟电路，使单片机在 进行运算和控制时，都能有节奏地进行。另外，还有所谓的“中断系统”，这个系统有“传达室”的作用，当 单片机控制对象的参数到达某个需要加以干预的状态时，就可经此“传达室”通报给CPU，使CPU根据外部 事态的轻重缓急来采取适当的应付措施。不同的是它的这些部件性能都相对我们的家用电脑弱很多，不过价钱也是低的，一般不超过

25、10元即可.， 用它来做一些控制电器一类不是很复杂的工作足矣了。我们现在用的全自动滚筒洗农机、排烟罩、VCD等 等的家电里面都可以看到它的身影！.它主要是作为控制部分的核心部件。它是一种存线式实时控制计算机，在线式就是现场控制，需要的是有较强的抗干扰能力，较低的成本，这 也是和离线式计算机的（比如家用PC）的主要区别。单片机是靠程序的，并且可以修改。通过不同的程序实现不同的功能，尤其是特殊的独特的一些功能，这 是别的器件需要费很多人力气才能做到的，有些则是花人力气也很难做到的。一个不是很复杂的功能要是 用美同50年代开发的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列这些纯硬件来搞定的话，电路一定是

26、一块大 PCB板！但是如果要是用美国70年代成功投放市场的系列单片机，结果就会有天壤之别！只因为单片机的 通过你编写的程序可以实现高科能，高效率，以及高可靠性！CPU（中央处理单元）是数字计算机的重要组成部分，其目的是对从内存中接收的指令进行译码，同时对存储 于内部寄存器、存储器或输入输出接口单元的数据惊醒传输、算术运算、逻辑运算以及控制运算。在外部， CPU位转换指令数据和控制信息提供一个或多个总线并从组件连接到它。一个微控制器出现在普通电脑的 键盘和检测器中，但是这些组件也被屏蔽。在这种微控制器中，与我们所讨论的CPU可能不同。字长也许 更短，编制数量少，指令集有限。相对而言，性能差，但对

27、完成任务来说足够了。最重要的是它的微控制 器的成本很低，符合成本效应。由于单片机对成本是敏感的，所以目前占统治地位的软件还是最低级汇编语言，它是除了二进制机器码以 上最低级的语言了，既然这么低级为什么还要用呢？很多高级的语言已经达到了可视化编程的水平为什么 不用呢？原因简单，就是单片机没有家用计算机那样的CPU，也没有像硬盘那样的海量存储设备。一个可 视化高级语言编写的小程序里面即使只有一个按钮，也会达到几十K的尺寸！对于家用PC的硬盘来讲没 什么，可是对于单片机来讲是不能接受的。单片机在硬件资源方面的利用率必须很高才行，所以汇编虽然 原始却还是在大量使用。一样的道理，如果把巨型计算机上的操作

28、系统和应用软件拿到家用PC上来运行， 家用PC的也是承受不了的。可以说，二十世纪跨越了三个“电”的时代，即电气时代、电子时代和现已进入的电脑时代。不过，这种电 脑，通常是指个人计算机，简称PC机。它由主机、键盘、显示器等组成。还有一类计算机，多数人却不 怎么熟悉。这种计算机就是把智能赋予各种机械的单片机（亦称微控制器）。顾名思义，这种计算机的最小 系统只用了一片集成电路，即可进行简单运算和控制。因为它体积小，通常都藏在被控机械的“肚子”里。 它在整个装置中，起着有如人类头脑的作用，它出了毛病，整个装置就瘫痪了。现在，这种单片机的使用 领域已十分广泛，如科能仪表、实时T控、通讯设备、导航系统、家

29、用电器等。各种产品。一旦用上了单 片机，就能起到使产品升级换代的功效，常在产品名称前冠以形容词一一“智能型”，如智能型洗衣机等。 现在有些工厂的技术人员或其它业余电子开发者搞出来的某些产品，不是电路太复杂，就是功能太简单且 极易被仿制。究其原因，可能就卡在产品未使用单片机或其它可编程逻辑器件上。1. About SCMIt can be said across the twentieth century, the three electric era, that is, electrical era, the electronic age, and has now entered the co

30、mputer age. However, such a computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor etc. Another type of computer, most people do not know how. This computer is to smart to give a variety of mechanical microcontroller （also known as micro-cont

31、roller）. As the name suggests, this computer system only used the smallest one IC, you can perform simple operations and control. Because of its small size, usually hidden in a charged mechanical stomach Lane. It is the entire device, like the human brain plays a role, it goes wrong, the whole devic

32、e was paralyzed. Now, this MCU has a very wide field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, home appliances and so on. Once the microcontroller were using a variety of products, you can serve to upgrade the effectiveness of the produ

33、ct, often in the product name is preceded by the adjective - smart, such as washing machines and so intelligent. At present, some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is too complex, that is, functions are too

34、simple and easy to be copied. The reason may be stuck in the product without the use of a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.SCM basic component is a central processing unit （CPU in the computing device and controller）, read-only memory （usually expressed as a ROM）, read-write memory （also known as Random Access Memory MRAM is usually expressed as a RAM） , input / output port （also divided into parallel port and serial port, expressed as I