外文翻译电子动力转向系统

1、ElectronicpowersteeringsystemWhatitisElectricallypoweredsteeringusesanelectricmotortodriveeitherthepowersteeringhydraulicpumporthesteeringlinkagedirectly.Thepowersteeringfunctionisthereforeindependentofenginespeed,resultinginsignificantenergysavings.Howitworks:Conventionalpowersteeringsystemsuseanen

2、gineaccessorybelttodrivethepump,providingpressurizedfluidthatoperatesapistoninthepowersteeringgearoractuatortoassistthedriver.Inelectro-hydraulicsteering,oneelectricallypoweredsteeringconceptusesahighefficiencypumpdrivenbyanelectricmotor.Pumpspeedisregulatedbyanelectriccontrollertovarypumppressurean

3、dflow,providingsteeringeffortstailoredfordifferentdrivingsituations.Thepumpcanberunatlowspeedorshutofftoprovideenergysavingsduringstraightaheaddriving(whichismostofthetimeinmostworldmarkets).Directelectricsteeringusesanelectricmotorattachedtothesteeringrackviaagearmechanism(nopumporfluid).Avarietyof

4、motortypesandgeardrivesispossible.Amicroprocessorcontrolssteeringdynamicsanddrivereffort.Inputsincludevehiclespeedandsteering,wheeltorque,angularpositionandturningrate.WorkingInDetail:Asteeringsensorislocatedontheinputshaftwhereitentersthegearboxhousing.Thesteeringsensorisactuallytwosensorsinone:ato

5、rquesensorthatconvertssteeringtorqueinputanditsdirectionintovoltagesignals,andarotationsensorthatconvertstherotationspeedanddirectionintovoltagesignals.Aninterfacecircuitthatsharesthesamehousingconvertsthesignalsfromthetorquesensorandrotationsensorintosignalsthecontrolelectronicscanprocess.Inputsfro

6、mthesteeringsensoraredigestedbyamicroprocessorcontrolunitthatalsomonitorsinputfromthevehiclesspeedsensor.Thesensorinputsarethencomparedtodeterminehowmuchpowerassistisrequiredaccordingtoapreprogrammedforcemapinthecontrolunitsmemory.Thecontrolunitthensendsouttheappropriatecommandtothepowerunitwhichthe

7、nsuppliestheelectricmotorwithcurrent.Themotorpushestheracktotherightorleftdependingonwhichwaythevoltageflows(reversingthecurrentreversesthedirectionthemotorspins).Increasingthecurrenttothemotorincreasestheamountofpowerassist.Thesystemhasthreeoperatingmodes:anormalcontrolmodeinwhichleftorrightpoweras

8、sistisprovidedinresponsetoinputfromthesteeringtorqueandrotationsensorsinputs;areturncontrolmodewhichisusedtoassiststeeringreturnaftercompletingaturn;andadampercontrolmodethatchangeswithvehiclespeedtoimproveroadfeelanddampenkickback.Ifthesteeringwheelisturnedandheldinthefull-lockpositionandsteeringas

9、sistreachesamaximum,thecontrolunitreducescurrenttotheelectricmotortopreventanoverloadsituationthatmightdamagethemotor.Thecontrolunitisalsodesignedtoprotectthemotoragainstvoltagesurgesfromafaultyalternatororchargingproblem.Theelectronicsteeringcontrolunitiscapableofself-diagnosingfaultsbymonitoringth

10、esystemsinputsandoutputs,andthedrivingcurrentoftheelectricmotor.Ifaproblemoccurs,thecontrolunitturnsthesystemoffbyactuatingafail-saferelayinthepowerunit.Thiseliminatesallpowerassist,causingthesystemtorevertbacktomanualsteering.AdashEPSwarninglightisalsoilluminatedtoalertthedriver.Todiagnosetheproble

11、m,atechnicianjumpstheterminalsontheservicecheckconnectorandreadsoutthetroublecodes.ConstructionRack&plnionvarlubltgtarraUoBallvcrrawMolrufiilHackTbqueMnaoruniIclickheretoseeabiggerclickheretoseeabiggerSensorSteennijSupphStwru屮TwqucFPhjscJComrc-iiurElectricpowersteeringsystemspromiseweightreduction,f

12、uelsavingsandpackageflexibility,atnocostpenalty.Europeshighfuelpricesandsmallervehiclesmakeafertiletestbedforelectricsteering,atechnologythatpromisesautomakersweightsavingsandfueleconomygains.Andinashorttime,electricsteeringwillmakeittotheU.S.,too.Itsjustjustamatteroftime,saysAlyBadawy,directorofres

13、earchanddevelopmentforDelphiSaginawSteeringSystemsinSaginaw,Mich.Theissuewascostandthatsbehindusnow.By2002hereintheU.S.thecostofelectricpowersteeringwillabsolutelybeawashoverhydraulic.Today,electricandhybrid-poweredvehicles(EV),includingToyotasPriusandGMsEV-1,aretheperfectdomainforelectricsteering.B

14、utby2010,aTRWIernalstudyestimatesthatoneoutofeverythreecarsproducedintheworldwillbeequippedwithsomeformofelectrically-assistedsteering.TheCleveland-basedsupplierclaimsitsnewsteeringsystemscouldimprovefueleconomybyupto2mpg,whileenhancinghandling.Therearetruebottom-linebenefitsaswellforautomakersbyred

15、ucingoverallcostsanddecreasingassemblytime,sincetheresnoneedforpumps,hosesandfluids.Anotherclaimedadvantageisshorteneddevelopmenttime.Forinstanee,aDelphigroupdevelopedE-TUNE,aride-and-handlingsoftwarepackagethatcanberunoffalaptopcomputer.Theycantakethatcomputerandplugitin,attachittothecontrollerandc

16、hangeallthehandlingparameters-effortlevel,returnability,damping-onthefly,Badawysays.Itusedtotakemonths.DelphihasoneOEMcustomerthatshouldstartlow-volumeproductionin99.Electricsteeringunitsarenormallyplacedinoneofthreepositions:column-drive,pinion-driveandrack-drive.Whichsystemwillbecomethenormisstill

17、unclear.Shortterm,OEMswillchoosethesteeringsystemthatiseasiesttointegrateintoanexistingplatform.Obviously,greaterpotentialcomesfromdesigningthesystemintoanall-newplatform.Wehaveallthreedesignsunderconsideration,saysDr.HermanStrecker,groupvicepresidentofsteeringsystemsdivisionatZFinSchwaebischGmuend,

18、Germany.ItsuptothemarketandOEMswhichversionfinallywillbeusedandmanufactured.Thelargemanufacturershaveallgrabbedholdofwhattheyconsideracoretechnology,explainsJamesHandysides,TRWvicepresident,electricallyassistedsteeringinSterlingHeights,Mich.Hiscompanyoffersaportfolioofelectricsteeringsystems(hybride

19、lectric,rack-,pinion-,andcolumn-drive).TRWoriginallyconcentratedonwhatitstillbelievesisthepurestengineeringsolutionforelectricsteering-therack-drivesystem.Thesystemissometimesreferedtoasdirectdriveorball/nutdrive.Still,thiswinterTRWhedgeditsbet,formingajointventurewithLucasVarity.TheBritishsupplierr

20、eceived$50millioninexchangeforitselectriccolumn-drivesteeringtechnologyandassets.InitialproductionofthecolumnandpiniondriveelectricsteeringsystemsisexpectedtobegininBirmingham,England,in2000.Whatwelackisthecredibilityinthesteeringmarket,saysBrendanConner,managingdirector,TRW/LucasVarityElectricSteer

21、ingLtd.ThecombinationwithTRWprovidesuswithagoodopportunityforustobridgethatgap.LucasVaritycurrentlyhasexperimentalsystemson11differentvehicletypes,mostlyEuropean.TRWiscurrentlysupplyingitsEASsystemsforFordandChryslerEVsinNorthAmericaandforGMsnewOpelAstra.In1995,accordingtoDelphi,traditionalhydraulic

22、powersteeringsystemswereon7596ofallvehiclessoldglobally.That37-millionvehiclepoolconsumesabout10milliongallonsinhydraulicfluidthatcouldbesuperfluous,ifelectricsteeringreallytakesoff.Thepresentinventionrelatestoanelectricallypowereddrivemechamsmforprovidingpoweredassistancetoavehiclesteeringmechanism

23、.Accordingtooneaspectofthepresentinvention,thereisprovidedanelectricallypowereddrivenmechanismforprovidingpoweredassistaneetoavehiclesteeringmechanismhavingamanuallyrotatablememberforoperatingthesteeringmechanism,thedrivemechanismincludingatorquesensoroperabletosensetorquebeingmanuallyappliedtothero

24、tatablemember,anelectricallypowereddrivemotordrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberandacontrollerwhichisarrangedtocontrolthespeedanddirectionofrotationofthedrivemotorinresponsetosignalsreceivedfromthetorquesensor,thetorquesensorincludingasensorshaftadaptedforconnectiontotherotatablemembertoformanext

25、ensionthereofsothattorqueistransmittedthroughsaidsensorshaftwhentherotatablememberismanuallyrotatedandastraingaugemountedonthesensorshaftforproducingasignalindicativeoftheamountoftorquebeingtransmittedthroughsaidshaft.Preferablythesensorshaftisnon-rotatablymountedatoneaxialendinafirstcouplingmembera

26、ndisnon-rotatablymountedatitsoppositeaxialendinasecondcouplingmember,thefirstandsecondcouplingmembersbeinginter-engagedtopermitlimitedrotationtherebetweensothattorqueunderapredeterminedlimitistransmittedbythesensorshaftonlyandsothattorqueabovesaidpredeterminedlimitistransmittedthroughthefirstandseco

27、ndcouplingmembers.Thefirstandsecondcouplingmembersarepreferablyarrangedtoactasabridgefordrivinglyconnectingfirstandsecondportionsoftherotatingmembertooneanother.Preferablythesensorshaftisofgenerallyrectangularcross-sectionthroughoutthemajorityofitslength.PreferablythestraingaugeincludesoneormoreSAWr

28、esonatorssecuredtothesensorshaft.Preferablythemotorisdrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberviaaclutch.Preferablythemotorincludesagearboxandisconcentricallyarrangedrelativetotherotatablemember.Variousaspectsofthepresentinventionwillhereafterbedescribed,withreferencetotheaccompanyingdrawings,inwhich:F

29、igure1isadiagrammaticviewofavehiclesteeringmechanismincludinganelectricallypowereddrivemechanismaccordingtothepresentinvention,Figure2isaflowdiagramillustratinginteractionbetweenvariouscomponentsofthedrivemechanismshowninFigure1,Figure3isanaxialsectionthroughthedrivemechanismshowninFigure1,Figure4is

30、asectionalviewtakenalonglinesIV-IVinFigure3,Figure5isamoredetailedexplodedviewoftheinputdrivescouplingshowninFigure3,andFigure6isamoredetailedexplodedviewoftheclutchshowinginFigure3.ReferringinitiallytoFigure1,thereisshownavehiclesteeringmechanism10drivinglyconnectedtoapairofsteerableroadwheelsTheto

31、rquesensor20ispreferablyanassemblyincludingashortsensorshaftonwhichismountedastraingaugecapableofaccuratelymeasuringstraininthesensorshaftbroughtaboutbytheapplicationoftorquewithinapredeterminedrange.Preferablythepredeterminedrangeoftorquewhichismeasuredis0-lONm;morepreferablyisaboutl-5Nm.Preferably

32、therangeofmeasuredtorquecorrespondstoabout0-1000microstrainandtheconstructionofthesensorshaftischosensuchthatatorqueof5Nmwillresultinatwistoflessthan2intheshaft,morepreferablylessthan1.PreferablythestraingaugeisaSAWresonator,asuitableSAWresonatorbeingdescribedinWO91/13832.Preferablyaconfigurationsim

33、ilartothatshowninFigure3ofWO91/13832isutilisedwhereintwoSAWresonatorsarearrangedat45totheshaftaxisandat90tooneanother.Preferablytheresonatorsoperatewitharesonancefrequencyofbetween200-400MHzandarearrangedtoproduceasignaltothecontroller40of1MHz500KHzdependinguponthedirectionofrotationofthesensorshaft

34、.Thus,whenthesensorshaftisnotbeingtwistedduetotheabsenceoftorque,itproducesa1MHzsignal.Whenthesensorshaftistwistedinonedirectionitproducesasignalbetween1.0to1.5MHz.Whenthesensorshaftistwistedintheoppositedirectionitproducesasignalbetween1.0to0.5MHz.Thusthesamesensorisabletoproduceasignalindicativeof

35、thedegreeoftorqueandalsothedirectionofrotationofthesensorshaft.Preferablytheamountoftorquegeneratedbythemotorinresponsetoameasuredtorqueofbetween0-10Nmis0-40Nmandforameasuredtorqueofbetweenl-5Nmis0-25Nm.Preferablyafeedbackcircuitisprovidedwherebytheelectriccurrentbeingusedbythemotorismeasuredandcomp

36、aredbythecontroller40toensurethatthemotorisrunninginthecorrectdirectionandprovidingthedesiredamountofpowerassistanee.Preferablythecontrolleractstoreducethemeasuredtorquetozeroandsocontrolsthemotortoincreaseitstorqueoutputtoreducethemeasuredtorque.Avehiclespeedsensor(notshown)ispreferablyprovidedwhic

37、hsendsasignalindicativeofvehiclespeedtothecontroller.Thecontrollerusesthissignaltomodifythedegreeofpowerassistaneeprovidedinresponsetothemeasuredtorque.Thusatlowvehiclespeedsmaximumpowerassistaneewillbeprovidedandahighvehiclespeedsminimumpowerassistancewillbeprovided.Thecontrollerispreferablyalogics

38、equencerhavingafieldprogrammablegatearrayforexampleaXC4005assuppliedbyXilinx.Suchacontrollerdoesnotrelyuponsoftwareandsoisabletofunctionmorereliablyinacarvehicleenvironment.Itisenvisagedthatalogicsequencenothavingafieldprogrammablearraymaybeused.Electronicpowersteeringsystem(EnglishasEPS),andhydraul

39、icpowersteeringsystem(HPS)comparedto,EPShasmanyadvantages.TheadvantageisthattheEPS:highefficiency.HPSefficiencyisverylow,generally60%to70%,whileEPSandelectricalconnections,highefficiency,andsomecanbeashighas90percent.lessenergyconsumption.Automobiletrafficintheactualprocess,atthetimetoabout5percento

40、fthetimetravelling,theHPSsystem,enginerunning,thepumpswillalwaysbeinworkingcondition,theoilpipelinehasbeenincirculation,sothatvehiclefuelconsumptionrateby4%To6%,whileEPSonlywhenneededforenergy,vehiclefuelconsumptionratesonlyincreasedby0.5percent.Roadsenseofgood.BecauseEPSinternaluseofrigid,systemoft

41、helagcanbecontrolledbysoftware,andcanbeusedinaccordancewiththeoperationofthedrivertoadjust.backtobeinggood.EPSsimplestructureofsmallinternalresistance,isagoodback,getbacktobeingthebestcharacteristics,improvevehiclehandlingandstability.littleenvironmentalpollution.HPShydrauliccircuitinthehydraulichos

42、esandconnectors,theexistenceofoilleaking,buthydraulichosescannotberecovered,theenvironmentalpollutionaretoacertainextent,whileEPSalmostnopollutiontotheenvironment.canbeindependentoftheengineswork.EPSforbatterypowereddevices,aslongassufficientbatterypower,nomatterwhattheconditionfortheengine,canprodu

43、cepowerrole.shouldhaveawiderange.easytoassembleandgoodlayout.Now,powersteeringsystemsofsomecarshavebecomethestandard-setting,thewholeworldabouthalfofthecarsusedtopowersteering.Withthedevelopmentofautomotiveelectronicstechnology,somecarshavebeenusingelectricpowersteeringgear,thecaroftheeconomy,powera

44、ndmobilityhasimproved.Electricpowersteeringdeviceonthecarisanewpowersteeringsystemdevice,developedrapidlyinrecentyearsbothathomeandabroad,becauseofitsuseofprogrammableelectroniccontroldevices,theflexibilityinthesametimetherearealsopotentialsafetyproblems.IntheanalysisThisuniqueproductonthebasisofthe

45、authorofthecharacteristicsofelectroniccontroldevices,securityclearancejustthatthefactorsthatdealwithsecuritymeasures,anddiscussedanumberofconcernsthesafetyofspecificissues.Theresultsshowthat:Existingstandardscannotmeettheelectricpowersteeringdevicesecurityneedsandmadetheelectricpowersteeringdevicesa

46、fetyevaluationoftheidea.Researchworkontheelectricpowersteeringdevicedevelopmentandevaluationofreferencevalue.电子动力转向系统电子动力转向系统的工作原理电子动力转向系统是通过一个电动机来驱动动力方向盘液压泵或直接驱动转向联动装置。电子动力转向的功能由于不依赖于发动机转速，所以能节省能源电子动力转向系统是这样运行的传统的动力方向盘系统使用一条引擎辅助传送带驾驶泵浦，提供操作在动力方向盘齿轮或作动器的一个活塞协助司机的被加压的流体。在电动液压的指点，一个电子动力方向盘概念使用一台电动机驾驶的

47、一个高效率泵浦。泵浦速度是由一个电控制器调控的变化泵浦压力和流程，提供被剪裁的指点努力为不同的驾驶的情况。泵浦可以跑在低速或关闭提供节能在大多时间在多数世界市场上）直向前的驾驶期间（直接电指点使用一台电动机附加指点机架通过齿轮机构（没有泵浦或流体）。各种各样的马达类型和齿轮驱动是可能的。微处理器控制指点动力学和司机努力。输入包括车速和指点、轮子扭矩，角位和转动率。工作运行时的具体细节：A指点传感器”位于它进入传动箱住房的输入轴。指点传感器实际上是在一个的二个传感器：那扭矩的传感器”转换指点扭矩输入和它的方向成电压信号，并且那自转的传感器”转换转动速度和方向成电压信号。分享同一套住房的接口”电路

48、转换从扭矩传感器和自转传感器的信号成控制电子学可能处理的信号。从指点传感器的输入由那微处理器的控制单元消化也监测从车速传感器的输入。传感器输入然后被比较确定多少机械化根据一张被预编程序的力量地图”需要在控制单元的记忆。控制单元然后派出适当的命令对然后供给电动机以潮流的电源装置”马达推挤机架在右边或左根据哪个方式电压流动（扭转潮流扭转方向马达旋转）。增加潮流对马达增加功率协助。系统有三种操作方式：左边或右边机械化提供以回应从指点扭矩和自转传感器的输入的输入的正常”控制方式；被用于在完成轮以后协助指点回归的回归”控制方式；并且改变与车速改进路感受和挫伤佣金的更加潮湿的”控制方式。如果方向盘被转动，

49、并且举行在充分锁位置和指点协助到达最大值，控制单元使潮流降低到电动机防止也许损坏马达的超载情况。控制单元也被设计保护马达以防止电压浪涌免受一个有毛病的交流发电机或充电的问题。电子转向控制单位有能力在自我诊断的缺点通过监测系统输入和产品和电动机的激励电流上。如果问题发生，控制单元通过开动在电源装置的一个故障自动保险的中转关闭系统。这消灭所有机械化，造成系统恢复回到手工指点。破折号EPS警告灯也被阐明警告司机。要诊断问题，技术员跳服务检查连接器的终端并且读出问题代码。说明團图2电子动力方向盘机制当前发明与提供的供给动力的援助一电子功率驱动器马达关连给车操纵机构。根据当前发明的一个方面，那里为提供供

50、给动力的援助提供一个电子功率驱动器机制给有车的操纵机构一名手动地可旋转的成员为操作操纵机构、传动机构包括可行扭矩的传感器感觉手动地被申请于可旋转的成员的扭矩，一个电子功率驱动器马达操纵着被连接到可旋转的成员和安排控制主驱动电动机自转速度和方向以回应从扭矩传感器收到的信号的控制器，扭矩传感器包括为与可旋转的成员的连接适应的传感器轴形成引伸因此，以便扭矩通过前述传感器轴被传送，当时可旋转的成员被转动，并且应变仪在导致的信号传感器轴手动地登上表示通过前述轴被传送的相当数量扭矩。图3传感器轴不旋转更好地登上在一个轴向末端在第一名联结成员和不旋转地登上在它的相反轴向末端在第二名联结成员，第一和第二名联结

51、成员相互允诺允许有限的自转之间连接，以便在一个被预先决定的极限之下的扭矩由仅传感器轴传送，并且，以便在前述被预先决定的极限之上的扭矩通过第一和第二名联结成员被传送。更适宜地安排第一和第二名联结成员作为操纵的连接的第一和第二个部分的一座桥梁互相的旋转式成员。合适的传感器轴是通常在多数的长方形横断面它的长度中。应变仪包括一个或更多的适应地看见了谐振器绑到传感器轴上。好的马达操纵的被连接到可旋转的成员通过传动器。马达更好地包括一个工具箱和同心地被安排相对可旋转的成员。当前发明的Various方面此后将描述，关于伴随的图画，：图1是一个车操纵机构的一个图表看法包括一个电子功率驱动器机制根据当前发明，图

52、2是说明在图显示的传动机构的各种各样的组分的之间流程图互作用1上，图3是一个轴截面通过在图显示的传动机构1,图4上是一张截面图被采取沿着线IV-IV在表3,图5是在图显示的输入推进联结的一张更加详细的分解图3上，和图6是显示在表3.的传动器的一张更加详细的分解图。图1的最初Referring,那里显示一个车操纵机构10操纵的被连接到一个对易操纵的路轮子12。这个显示的操纵机构包括一个齿条和齿轮汇编14被连接到路轮子12通过联接15。鸟翼末端（没显示）汇编14可旋转地驾驶一名手动地可旋转的成员以驾驶杆18的形式哪些由方向盘19手动地转动。这个驾驶杆18包括包括一台电主驱动电动机的一个电力的传动机

53、构30（没显示在驾驶的鸟翼末端图1）上以回应在驾驶杆18的扭矩装货为了为机械人员提供力量援助,当转动方向盘19时。如概要地被说明在表2,电力的传动机构包括测量驾驶杆申请的扭矩18,当驾驶鸟翼末端时并且提供信号给控制器40的扭矩传感器20。控制器40被连接到主驱动电动机50并且控制电流被提供给马达50控制马达50和它的自转的方向扭矩引起的相当数量。马达50操纵的更适宜地被连接到驾驶杆18通过工具箱60,更适宜地一个周转齿轮箱子和传动器70。在一定条件下传动器70在正常运行时更适宜地永久地接合并且是有效的隔绝从马达50的驱动使鸟翼末端通过传动机构30手动地被驾驶。这是使机制的安全特点起作用在试图的

54、马达50情形下驾驶太快速的驾驶杆并且/或者在错误的方向或在案件电动机和工具箱占领了。扭矩传感器20更适宜地是一个汇编包括在扭矩应用达到的传感器轴登上应变仪能够准确测量张力在一个被预先决定的范围之内的一个短的传感器轴。被测量扭矩的被预先决定的范围是O-IONm;更好是关于l-5Nm。被测量的扭矩的范围更好地对应于大约0-1000微指令,并且传感器轴的建筑更好被选择这样5Nm扭矩比在轴的2导致较少的转弯,少于1。好的应变仪是锯谐振器,在WO91/13832被描述的一台适当的锯谐振器。类似在图显示的那WO91/138323上更好地运用配置,二看见谐振器被安排在对轴轴的45和在90对互相。谐振器经营与

55、在200-400MHz之间共鸣频率和被安排导致信号到控制器1MHz40500KHz根据传感器轴的自转方向的自我调节。因此,当传感器轴不被扭转的归结于缺乏扭矩时,它导致一个1MHz信号。当它导致在1.0到1.5MHz之间的一个信号的传感器轴在一个方向被扭转。当传感器轴在相反方向时被扭转它导致在1.0到0.5MHz之间的一个信号。因而同样传感器能导致信号表示程度扭矩并且传感器轴的自转的方向。好的马达扭矩引起的相当数量以回应在0-10Nm之间被测量的扭矩是0-40Nm,并且为在l-5Nm之间被测量的扭矩是0-25Nm。反馈电路提供自我调节，借以马达使用的电流由控制器40测量并且比较保证马达在正确方向

56、运行并且提供期望功率协助。控制器更好地行动使被测量的扭矩降低到零和如此控制马达增加它的扭矩产品减少被测量的扭矩。（没显示）更适宜地提供车速传感器哪些寄发一个信号表示车速到控制器。控制器使用这个信号修改程度力量协助提供以回应被测量的扭矩。将提供在低车速最大力量协助的，因而，并且将提供高车速极小的力量协助。更适宜地是逻辑顺序器有一个现场可编程序的门数组例如XC4005如Xilinx供应这个控制器。这样控制器不依靠软件和，因此能更起作用可靠地在汽车车环境里。被想象也许使用有逻辑的序列一个现场可编程序的列阵。一个电力传动机构10的A具体建筑在表3.被说明。电子动力转向系统（英文简称EPS），与液压动力

57、转向系统（HPS）相比，EPS具有很多优点。即EPS的优势在于：1）效率高。HPS效率很低，一般为60%70%;而EPS与电机连接，效率高，有的可高达90%以上。2）耗能少。汽车在实际行驶过程中，处于转向的时间约占行驶时间的5%，对于HPS系统，发动机运转时，油泵始终处于工作状态，油液一直在管路中循环，从而使汽车燃油消耗率增加4%6%;而EPS仅在需要时供能，使汽车的燃油消耗率仅增加0.5%左右。3）路感好。由于EPS内部采用刚性连接，系统的滞后特性可以通过软件加以控制，且可以根据驾驶员的操作习惯进行调整。4）回正性好。EPS结构简单内部阻力小，回正性好，从而可得到最佳的转向回正特性，改善汽车

58、操纵稳定性。5）对环境污染少。HPS液压回路中有液压软管和接头，存在油液泄露问题，而且液压软管不可回收，对环境有有一定污染；而EPS对环境几乎没有污染。6）可以独立于发动机工作。EPS以电池为动力元件，只要电池电量充足，不论发动机出于何种状态，都可以产生助力作用。7）应有范围广。8）装配性好易于布置。现在，动力转向系统已成为一些轿车的标准设置，全世界约有一半的轿车采用动力转向。随着汽车电子技术的发展，目前一些轿车已经使用电动助力转向器，使汽车的经济性、动力性和机动性都有所提高。电动助力转向装置是汽车上一种新的助力转向系统装置,近年来在国内外发展迅速,由于它采用了可编程电子控制装置,在带来灵活性

59、的同时也存在着安全隐患.在分析这种产品特殊性的基础上笔者结合电子控制装置的特点,指出了事关安全性的因素,提出了处理安全性的措施,并讨论了几个事关安全性的具体问题.研究结果表明:现有标准不能够满足电动助力转向装置安全性的需要;并提出了对电动助力转向装置进行安全性测评的思想.研究工作对电动助力转向装置的开发以及评价具有参考意义。付：外文翻译电火花加工电火花加工法对加工超韧性的导电材料（如新的太空合金）特别有价值。这些金属很难用常规方法加工，用常规的切削刀具不可能加工极其复杂的形状，电火花加工使之变得相对简单了。在金属切削工业中，这种加工方法正不断寻找新的应用领域。塑料工业已广泛使用这种方法，如在钢

60、制模具上加工几乎是任何形状的模腔。电火花加工法是一种受控制的金属切削技术，它使用电火花切除（侵蚀）工件上的多余金属，工件在切削后的形状与刀具（电极）相反。切削刀具用导电材料（通常是碳）制造。电极形状与所需型腔想匹配。工件与电极都浸在不导电的液体里，这种液体通常是轻润滑油。它应当是点的不良导体或绝缘体。用伺服机构是电极和工件间的保持0.00050.001英寸（0.010.02mm）的间隙，以阻止他们相互接触。频率为20000Hz左右的低电压大电流的直流电加到电极上，这些电脉冲引起火花，跳过电极与工件的见的不导电的液体间隙。在火花冲击的局部区域，产生了大量的热量，金属融化了，从工件表面喷出融化金属