福建普通高中学生学业基础会考考试大纲——英语

1、2009福建省普通高中学生学业基础会考 英语学科考试大纲（试行）一、命题依据依据教育部颁布的普通高中英语课程标准（实验）七级要求，福建省教 育厅颁布的福建省普通高中新课程英语学科教学实施指导意见 （试行）、福 建省普通高中学生学业基础会考方案（试行）和2009年福建省普通高中学生学业基础会考英语学科考试大纲（试行），并结合我省普通高中教学实际情 况进行命题。二、命题原则.导向性原则。面向全体学生，有利于促进学生全面、和谐、健康的发展， 有利于中学实施素质教育，体现英语学科新课程理念，充分发挥基础会考对普通 高中英语学科教学的正确导向作用。.基础性原则。严格按教育部颁发的普通高中英语课程标准（实

2、验） 七级要求所规定的基本内容和基本要求命题。考试将注重英语基础知识的考核， 重视学生听、说、读、写英语基本能力的考核；检测学生业已形成的学习策略和 思维能力，检测学生对英语国家文化的理解。试题难易适当，不出偏题和怪题。.科学性原则。试题所选择的语言素材和创设的语言运用情景要充分考虑 各地学生的生活实际、生活经验，要尽可能避免因学生的生活经历的差异而影响 试题的公正性、科学性和合理性。.时代性原则。阅读文章和书面表达的选题应贴近学生实际、尽量使用真 实、地道、典型的英语素材，体现时代感。三、考试目标要求学生学习完15必修模块后，达到七级的目标要求。七级的语言知识和语言 技能的目标要求如下：1.

3、语言知识词汇1）理解话语中词汇表达的不同功能、意图和态度等；2）运用词汇给事物命名、进行指称、描述行为和特征、说明概念等；3）学会使用24002500个单词和300400个习惯用语或固定搭配；4） 了解英语单词的词义变化以及日常生活中新出现的词汇。语法1）掌握描述时间、地点和方位的常用表达方式；2）理解并掌握比较人、物体及事物的常用表达方式；3）使用适当的语言形式描述事物，简单地表达观点、态度或情感等；4）掌握语篇中基本的衔接和连续手段，并根据特定目的有效地组织信息。功能1） 了解日常交际功能的主要语言表达形式；2）在语境中恰当地理解和表达问候、告别、感谢或介绍等交际功能；3）在日常人际交往中

4、有效地使用得体的语言进行表达，如发表意见或进行 判断等；4）运用已学过的功能项目有效地表达情感、意图和态度。话题1）熟悉个人、家庭和社会交往等方面的话题；2）进一步熟悉有关日常生活、兴趣爱好、风俗习惯和科学文化方面的话题;3）熟悉我国一般社会生活的话题，如职业、节日、风俗和社交礼仪等；4） 了解英语国家有关日常生活习惯的话题。2.语言技能听1）能识别语段中的重要信息并进行简单的推断；2）能听懂正常语速听力材料中对人和物的描写、情节发展及结果；3）能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话并能抓住要点；4）能听懂一般场合的信息广播，如天气预报。读1）能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息；2）能理解文章主旨和作者意图

5、；3）能通过上下文克服生词困难，理解语篇意义；4）能通过文章中的线索进行推理；5）能阅读适合高中生的英语报刊或杂志。写1）能用文字及图表提供信息并进行简单描述；2）能写出常见体裁的应用文，如信函和一般通知等；3）能描述人物或事件，并进行简单的评论；4）能填写有关个人情况的表格，如申请表等。四、考试内容I.词类.名词1）可数名词和不可数名词；2）名词的复数形式；3）专有名词；4）名词所有格。.代词1）人称代词；2）物主代词；3）反身代词；4）指示代词；5）不定代词；6）疑问代词；7）关系代词。.数词1）基数词；2）序数词。.介词1）词汇表”中所列介词的用法；2）词汇表”中所列介词短语的用法。.连

6、词1）词汇表”中所列连词的基本用法；2）辨别并列连词和从属连词的用法。.形容词1）作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法；2）比较等级：原级、比较级和最高级的构成及其基本用法。.副词1）时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等副词的用法;2）比较等级：原级、比较级和最高级的构成及其基本用法。.冠词的一般用法a（n开口 the的基本用法；a（n开口 the常见的习惯用法。动词1）动词的基本形式：原形、过去式、过去分词以及-ing形式；2）及物动词和不及物动词的基本用法；3）常用的连系动词，如：be, get, look, seem, become, turn, gro好的基本用 法；4）助动词be,

7、do, have, shall, will等的基本用法；5）情态动词 can, may, must, ought to, need, darei的基本用法；6）动词的时态：a. 一般现在时；b. 一般过去时；c. 一般将来时；d.现在 进行时；e.过去进行时；f.现在完成时；g.过去完成时*; h.过去将来时*; i.将 来进行时*; j.现在完成进行时*o7）动词的被动语态：a. 一般现在时的被动语态；b. 一般过去时的被动语态； c. 一般将来时的被动语态；d.进行时的被动语态；e.完成时的被动语态；f.带 情态动词的被动语态。8）动词的不定式：a.作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状

8、语的基 本用法；b.用在 how, when, where, what, which, whethe邙后面的用法；9）动词的过去分词：作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语的基本用法；10）动词的-ing形式：作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的基 本用法。n.句子.句子的种类D陈述句（肯定式和否定式）；2）疑问旬（一般疑问何、特殊疑问旬、选择疑问旬、反意疑问句）；3）祈使句及其否定形式；4）感叹句。.句子的成分（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、直接宾语和间接宾语、宾语补 足语、定语、状语）.主谓的一致关系.简单句的五种基本句型）主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）;）主语+不及物动词（S+V）;）主语

9、+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）;）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）;）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V + O+C） o并歹!J旬（and, or, but, so, when, while等引导的并列句）复合旬 1） 2） 3） 4）1)名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)；2)定语从句：a. who, which, that, when, where等引导的定语从句；b.限定性定语从3)句和非限定性定语从句的区别；4)状语从句(时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从 句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句)

10、。直接引语和间接引语.倒装句*省略旬*.强调句*11.虚拟语气*注：标*号的项目，七级只要求理解。m.构词法. 合成法： blackboard, man-made, overthrow, however, everyone等。.转化法：hand (n.) hand(v.), break (v.) break (n.), empty (adj.) -empty (v.)等。.派生法1)力口前缀：dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-等；2)力口后缀：-able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -

11、fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -ly, -teen, -ty, -th, -y 等。.缩写和简写五、考试形式.答卷方式：闭卷、笔试。.考试时间：90分钟。试卷满分100分。六、试卷结构试卷结构节题量赋分主、客观试题赋分时间(分钟)第一部分：听力一、听短对话510客观性试题2015二、听长对话510客观性试题第二部分：英语知识运用一、选择填空1010客观性试题2520二、完形填空1515客观性试题第三部分：阅读理解一、判断题510客观性试题3025二、选择题1020客观性试题第四部分：写作一、单词拼写1010主观性试题2530二、短文写作115主观性试题合计60+110010

12、090.题型：试卷一般可包括选择题、正误判断题、单词拼写、书面表达等题 型。.试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主，三类 试题比例为8: 1: 1。容易题，难度化 0.80以上，约占80%;中等难度题，难度化 0.60-0.80, 约占10%;较难题，难度值：0.400.60,约占10%;全卷难度值：0.80-0.85。.听力测试部分由各设区普通高中学校自行组织考试。七、题型示例（一）多项选择题考查听力M: Could you tell me how to take the medicine?W: Certainly. Take one of these wMte pill

13、s twice a day after meals.How many pills should the man take a day?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.答案：BW: Tickets, please.M: We want to catch the eight nineteen to London.W: I m sorry. You ve just missed it!M: What? It s only eight fifteen.W: Sorry, sir. That clock s ten minutes slow.M: When s the next train?W: In f

14、ive hour s time.C. At 8:09.C. The train.C. At 12:00.When does the train leave for London?A. At 8:19.B. At 8:15.What s wrong?A. The traveler s wBtcThe clock.When will the next train leave for London?A. At 13:25.B. At 12:25.答案：1. A 2. B 3. A考查语法和词汇知识 How did you find the lecture? Wonderful. In his lec

15、ture the way he suggested his oral English helpedthe students a lot.A. improvingB. improved C. to improve D. improveIt was in Atlanta nearly half the population were black one of thegreat leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, Dr Martin Luther King, Jr. was born.A. that, thatB. that, whereC. where, t

16、hatD. where, whereThe efforts Dr Martin Luther King, Jr. made segregation were not in vain.A. endB. endingC. ended D. to endMore and more high wage earners regularly at the local gym every day tokeep fit and energetic.A. come outB. figure out C put out D. work out答案：1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D 考查阅读理解The May

17、an Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years. The Maya were so bright that they achieved a lot. They had farms, temples and cities with many buildings. They knew much about nature and the world around them. This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time.In ancien

18、t Mexico there were many small clearings in the forest. In each clearing was a village with fields of crops around it. The Maya planted seeds after they cleared the land. A farmer was able to grow crops that produced for several people. But not every Maya had to be a farmer. Some were builders or pr

19、iest镇司）.The Maya believed in many gods. They built large temples to honor them. Skillful workers built cities around these temples. It was difficult because they had to carry all of the building materials themselves. Today, many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing.Although t

20、he Maya worked hard to build the beautiful cities, very few of them lived in them. Usually, only the priests lived in the cities. The other people lived in small villages in the forests. Their houses were much simpler. Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.Measuring time correctly was import

21、ant to the Maya, so Mayan priests made a system to keep track of time. They wrote numbers as dots （）. JTOnndy bars （also made a calendar （日历）.The year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each with five days left over.Around the year 800, the Maya left their villages and beautiful cities, never to

22、return. No one knows why this happened. They may have died from a deadly disease. They may have left because the soil could no longer grow crops. The lost secrets of the Maya are still beyond the reach of modern people. They are still one of our greatest mysteries 神秘）.The Maya lived better than most

23、 people of their times because.they had skillful workersthey believed in many godsthey knew better about naturethey could measure time correctlyIt can be inferred from the passage that.the calendar was first invented by the ancient Mayathe ancient Mayan cities and temples were well builtthe ancient

24、Mayan people led a happy life in the citiesthe priests were not highly respected by the ancient Maya 3. The underlined word “they ” in the passage refers to.A. the Mayan peopleB. the Mayan villagesC. the Mayan citiesD. the lost secrets of the MayaWhich of the following would be the best title for th

25、is passage?A. The Life of the MayaB. The Cities of the MayaC. The Mystery of the MayaD. The Belief of the Maya答案：1. C2. B 3. D 4. C（二）填空题 完型填空题In most societies around the world, and in Western culture in particular, alcohol （酒）is the “ drug of choice ” . Apart from res强制0nsi（age and in connection w

26、ith driving there are few 1 on its use. There are many 2 for this widespread use. The most acceptable one is its 3 roles. There is a commonly held view that alcohol 4 the good times better and helps people 5 the bad times.People use alcohol to 6 success, to soften the blows of sadness and defeat, an

27、d to mark 7 occasions such as weddings or the achievement of a university degree. In many religious groups, alcohol has another 8 and is used in services.What makes alcohol 9 is its role in society. People enjoy drinking ingroups 10 society is trying to meet the needs of the people. In the UK, for e

28、xample, there are more than 80,000 pubs and bars that are designed for peopledrinking alcohol.A. rulesA. causesA. nationalA. getsA. withA. congratulateA. specialA. signA. popularA. but答案B. explanationsB. reasonsB. localB. turnsB. throughB. celebrateB. commonB. effectB. famousB. as3. D8. C1. C2. B6.

29、B7. A（三）正误判断阅读下面短文，根据短文内容, 两个选项中，选出正确的选项。C. limitsC. demandsC. politicalC.changesC. forC. expressC. usualC. roleC. valuableC. or4. D5. B9. A10. D判断所给句子的正误,D. instructionsD. waysD. socialD. makesD. acrossD. achieveD. generalD. problemD. preciousD. and从每题所给的A、BPasta is an Italian word for a large grou

30、p of food made from wheat flour, cut and formed into various shapes, and eaten after being boiled in water and, usually, combined with a sauce. Spaghetti, macaroni, and noodles are all forms of pasta, but pasta, especially in Italy, can have over five hundred shapes and sizes. One pasta-maker in New

31、 York claimed that there must be over a thousand forms of pasta. It is not clear where pasta originated. The usual explanation is that noodles were first made in China over three thousand years ago. When Marco Polo, the Italian traveler, returned to Italy from China in the 1300s, he is said to have

32、returned with the idea for making pasta. According to the story, the Italians took the Chinese idea and developed it into the many forms of pasta we have today.Pasta is a word that means“ paste ” .A.正确B.错误There are at least five hundred shapes of pasta.A.正确B.错误Pasta must have been invented in Italy.

33、A.正确B.错误Noodles were first made in China in the 1300s.A.正确B.错误Marco Polo brought the idea of making paste to Italy.A.正确B.错误答案：1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B（四）单词拼写Those who want to sign their names for the 15-kilometre-long race should go through a number of（心理上的） and physical tests.Only 52 students are p

34、erfectly（愿意）to attend the lecture.The plan to reduce the tax received（广泛的）support throughout the country.答案：1. mental 2. willing 3. widespread（五）书面表达题假设你叫李平，你所在学校的英语俱乐部将举行一场英语演讲比赛。你准备邀请你校外籍教师 Mr. Neil 一起参加并担任评委。请根据以下海报的内容，给 Mr.Neil写一封邀请信。注意：.词数100左右；.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完整、连贯。英语演讲比赛时 间：

35、5月22日晚7点30分地 点：学校礼堂演讲主题：I Have a Dream演讲选手：各班两名选手奖励名额：一等奖二名；二等奖四名参加人员：高二年级全体同学，家长可自愿参加相信大家会共同度过一个美好的时光Dear Mr Neil,How is everything? I nwriting to let you know about an English Speech Competition and invite you to join us.I m looking forwarobtyour reply.Cheers,Li Ping参考范文：（略）八、主要题型答题技巧.听力测试答题思路点拨听力

36、是一种技能，通过定量训练加上有效指导，考生个体得分差异不像其它题型那么显著。要想得高分，必须掌握以下几个要领：1）听前迅速从题干及选项中获取重要信息。在听力播放前，要尽快浏览听 力材料，搜索答题可能涉及的相关信息。这样，在听录音时就能有的放矢，提高 答题的准确率。2）及时记录，强化记忆。在听力播放时，可用自己熟悉的符号，将听力材 料中的重要信息，如人物、地点、时间、数字及时记下，以帮助自己更好地理解 对话或短文。3）抓主题句、关键词。主题句就是听力材料的中心思想。抓主题句的前期 准备工作就是要听前浏览材料，这个准备工作做好了，听录音时，抓主题句就容 易了。而主题句中还有关键词，关键词听清楚了，

37、主题句的中心信息就有了。其 中，听力测试常用的关键词有 though, but, if, however, until, neither nor, hardly等。4）要有良好的心态。良好的心态是提高答题准确率的前提。自信和沉着是 最大限度发挥自己听力水平的法宝。 不要因为一两个句子听不清就紧张起来，其实既使有些地方没听懂，但若能把握主旨和一些重要细节，仍然可以答好题。5）英语听力复习应试口诀：听音一刻，坚持不懈；听读范文，出口成章； 考前试音，渐入状态；“英”乐入耳，心旷神怡；全神贯注，志在必得。.单项选择题答题思路点拨单选选择题语言地道，语境典型真实，形式多变灵活，旨在考查考生在特定 的语

38、境中综合运用语言的能力。因此，只有把语法、语境和语言文化背景相结合， 才能提高分析和解题的能力。在解题中有 3条最重要原则要牢记：1）单刀直入，一锤定音有些题题干短，考查知识较单一，只要基本功扎实，概念清楚，一眼就能看 出正确答案，此时可根据平时所掌握的知识直接做答。- Could you do me a favour and take these books to my office?Yes,.A. for pleasure B. I couldC. my pleasure D. with pleasure在平时训练里，已对 my pleasure/with pleasure的使用场合烂熟于

39、心：mypleasure是对感谢的答语，with pleasure是对求助的答语，答案是 D。2）抓住主干，理清脉络答题时，要善于抓住题干的主要信息脉络。如：The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on_ best in its climate and sail.A. it growsB . what grows C. does it grow D . what does it grow划线部分才是题干中的主要成份，其它可忽略。 on后面为宾语从句，考 虑出宾语的语序，排除C、D, A项缺主语，显然答案为Bo3）认真审题，把握语境

40、要特别重视语境的细微变化对解题的影响。如 ： Who were those people with the flags? A group itself the league of peace.A . callsB. callingC. calledD .being called此题答句中的“ itself”作用重大，有它的存在答案为B；若它不存在则答案 变为C,尽管无论B、C那个选项都充当后置定语。4）认清省略、补全信息单选题常考省略的用法，只要认真通读上下文，运用句法分析就能明确题干 省略了什么，继而把握解题方向。如：一 What will Andrew be doing in fall?一

41、 maths at a private school.A. To teachB. TeachingC. To be teaching D. Be teaching解此题关键之处在于明确答句为省略句。省去了 “ Andrew will be ”这个上句 已有的部分，答句只是这个部分的延续。这点一突破，问题就迎刃而解。答案显 然为Bo5）英语单选复习应试口诀：语言大法，不可或缺；没有规矩，难成方圆； 提纲挚领，触类旁通；认真审题，把握语境。.完形填空题答题思路点拨完形填空的考查要求是：在一篇 200个词左右的短文中留出15个空白，在 空白处标上序号，短文后按空白处的序号分别给出 A、B、C、D四个

42、选项，要 求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。做完形填空题应遵循以下三个步骤：1）通读全文，总览全文信息，明确大意。完形填空侧重考查考生对文章的 整体理解程度，许多答案要在透彻理解短文内容后才能确定。因此，解题时，先 跳跃空格快速阅读全文，了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构，中心思想以及情 节发展的前因后果。同时对空格部分也作猜测。完形填空的第一句往往是全文的 关键句，一般不设空。考生应该充分利用此句的标示作用，将它作为一个解题的突破口，据此展开思维。2）精读全文，全面理解，确定选项。在掌握文章大意的基础上，按照文章 的先后顺序，逐句分析，瞻前顾

43、后，根据上下文的意义，运用逻辑思维，行文线 索以及有关的信息来判断、揣摩，对每个题目的选项进行分析、比较，从句法、 语法、惯用法等方面进行推敲，从而选择语法正确、词义贴切又合乎语义的最佳 选项填入空格。做题时，切忌局限于某个单句所提供的语境，而应在语篇层面上通篇考虑，整体理解。止匕外，遵循先易后难的原则，因为有时候往往是大部分题 目答完后，个别的难题也就迎刃而解了。3）复读全文，检查校对，验证答案。这是做完形填空题必不可少的环节， 也是考生容易忽视的步骤。做完所有题目后，应将短文再认真通读一遍，全面检 查和验证所选答案是否做到了选词得当，意义贯通，逻辑合理。更改那些不合理、 不贴切的答案。有时

44、一题中的四个选项都是对的，但最贴切的只有一个，只有符合文章内涵和作者意图的才是最贴切的。完形填空题的总体难度不大，题材大多选用与学生平时生活、学习相关的话 题。考查的内容大多围绕名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词以及词的搭配、惯用 法等。备考时要重点注意名词、动词的用法，词的搭配与辨析。做题时还要考虑 文章中动作顺序，时间关系，情感因素等，同时还应特别注意句子问的连词的使 用，以更好地把握上下文的逻辑关系。现以2008年学业基础会考试题分析如下：阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出 可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Dear Students,I a

45、m glad to be your guest speaker today. It s a great pleasure to 11 your school and to meet all of you.I would like to tell you about 12 . I have been a news reporter for the past fifteen years. I chose this job 13 I could travel the world, but the job has 14 me many unforgettable lessons. The work i

46、s sometimes difficult. I have seen famines （饥荒），15 , earthquakes,poverty （贫穷）and death. But I have also seen courage, hope and happiness.16 India, I visited a city where there were many homeless children. Some were as 17 as four years old. They lived in the streets and survived by begging or 18 . Bu

47、t then a 19 lady called Rosa opened a home for them. Within one year, she was 20 two hundred children. She clothed them, fed them and taught them. She 21 them hope.Here in China, I 22 a young boy with a serious medical condition. He had had twenty operations and spent nearly his whole life in hospit

48、al. I thought he would be 23 , but when I met him, his smile was so warm and welcoming.In life, we need role models （ 榜样）that we can admire and learn from. 24 my life isdifficult, I try to remember the courage and goodness of these25 people11. A. visitB. callC. runD.leave12. A. yourselvesB. themselv

49、esC. myselfD.itself13. A. orB. soC. butD.and14. A. taughtB. madeC. rememberedD.heard15. A. loveB. helpC. victoriesD.wars16. A. OnB. InC. AtD.By17. A. youngB. newC. longD.short18. A. studyingB. laughingC. stealingD. teaching19. A. lazyB. badC. terribleD.wonderful20. A. looking afterB. looking forC. g

50、iving inD. giving up21. A. madeB. paidC. gaveD.told22. A. likedB. askedC. trainedD.met23. A. sadB. happyC. pleasedD. friendly24. A. SinceB. AfterC. WhenD.Before25. A. oneB. twoC. threeD.four精析：这是一篇演说辞，通读全文可知本文的大意是：作者通过作为一个新 闻记者在印度和中国的亲身经历，为我们树立起两个榜样：一个是为无家可归的 孩子建立家园的“Rossf 一个是面对困境依旧乐观的男孩。告诉我们：生活中， 我

51、们需要榜样。11. Ao本句话是演讲的开场白，“visit与” “your school构成动宾 搭配“访问你们的学校”，符合句意。12. Co本段讲述作者的亲身经历，故用“myself。” 13. B。考查连词，此处前后两句话构成因果关系，所以用“sq”14. A。 “teachsb. lessons是“给某人一些教训”，符合动宾搭配。15. D。根据前面的 “famines以及后面的“earthquakeoverty and death ；可判断此处应选用含贬 义意义的词“wars” 16. B。此处考查介词。“in India属习惯搭配。17. A。根据后面“four years 01M

52、知，其含义是“有的孩子小到只有四岁”，故选用“youngf18. C。根据上下文，无家可归的孩子靠乞讨和“偷窃”生存，因此选择“stealing 19. Do根据下文，“Ros的那些无家可归的孩子建立家园，应该是 “wonderful。 20. Ao此处考查动词短语的含义，”look afterS “照顾”，符合逻辑。21. C。考查动宾搭配，“给某人希望”，应用“give sb. hope,故选C。22. D。考查动词，“见到” 一个小男孩。23. Ao根据上下文的转折关系可知“我原以为他会 很伤心”。24. Co最后一句话的含义是：每当我生活困难时，我总是想起这两 个人的勇敢与善良。“wh

53、erW释为“每当”。25. B。作者前面所提到的两个人。4.阅读理解题答题思路点拨基础学业会考对阅读理解的考查是： 要求考生根据所提供的3篇短文的内容 （约700词），第1篇要求正误判断；第2、3篇要求从每题所给的选项中选出 最佳选项。阅读技能是整个试卷的重点考查项目。1）按照自己熟悉的做法，可以先看文章再做题，也可以先看题再读文章无论采用那种方法，都必须认真阅读题干。阅读题干时，首先要掌握问题的 类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。 客观信息题主要考查对文章细节的理 解，往往可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章较深层的作 者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解，这类题

54、要求考生通过文章对作者的态度、意图进行深层的推理。因此，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的 信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，排除干扰项，从而选出正确答案。2）速读全文，了解大意和主题阅读的目的是获取信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。考生必须在有限的时间内运用略读、 扫读、跳读等 技巧快速阅读，筛选有效信息，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、 人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意 的主要方法，主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾，往往对全文起提示、启迪、 概括、归纳的作用。主旨大意题和归纳概括题往往可以从主题句中得

55、到启示，得出答案。当然，也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。3）详读细节，仔细思考，一一解答在理解通篇文章的基础上，认真思考：对细节理解题，要在文章中找到选项 的出处；对于词汇猜测题，一定要回到原文中，根据上下文作出判断；主旨大意 题和归纳概括题（如归纳中心思想，加标题等）属于深层理解题，要特别注意文 章的主题句和关键词，不能就事论事，以偏概全；推理判断题则必须忠实于原文， 根据字面意思，通过语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，理解文章的寓义，推敲 作者的态度、意图，从作者的立场出发，作出合理的推测，不可主观臆断。对于 一些理解不透的问题或没有把握的选项，可通过复读作最后的判断。总之，阅读理

56、解选材多样化，信息较广，且有较丰富的文化蕴涵，语篇语言 难度适中，试题设计基本符合学生认知水平。现以 2008年学业基础会考试卷阅 读理解题为例，分析如下：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选 项。Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere.Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students

57、 carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers 伪声器）and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about spor

58、ts, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people. But most of the radio broadcast is music.Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or he

59、r tapes. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.Besides pop music, there are two other kinds of music that is important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells

60、stories about the common life of Americans. The other is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.In Amer