寻找医疗改革的最佳方案-DigitalCommonsLingnanUniversity

1、香港快樂指數Hong Kong Happiness Index2010何濼生教授嶺南大學公共政策研究中心Prof Lok Sang HODirector, Centre for Public Policy StudiesLingnan UniversityNovember 2010香港快樂指數Hong Kong Happiness Index2005 2010 調查自2005年首次推出今年為第6次Launched in 2005, this year is the 6th time for the study今年調查於2010年10月18日至22日期間進行The survey was cond

2、ucted between Oct18-22以隨機抽樣電話調查方式進行The survey was conducted via randomized phone calls 成功訪問了834位年齡21歲以上的香港居民834 Hong Kong residents aged 21 or above were successfully interviewed 嶺大香港快樂指數: 以0-100分作指標，獲取50分以上者屬於快樂組別，50分以下屬於不快樂組別，愈接近100分，其快樂指數愈高。On a scale of 0 to 100, an index above 50 suggests that

3、people are happy Income, Financial Situation and Happiness收入, 財政狀況與快樂(包括無收入人士 including no income group) 家庭每月收入HouseholdIncome200820092010平均值Mean樣本數目Sample平均值Mean樣本數目Sample平均值Mean樣本數目Sample$9999 or below63.0410266.6310466.64116$10,000-$19,99965.1010470.4211969.57116$20000-$29,99970.2010171.8810670.5

4、8104$30,000-$39,99971.647370.137670.6083$40,000 or above72.9116572.8114273.29155家庭每月收入HouseholdIncome200820092010平均值Mean樣本數目Sample平均值Mean樣本數目Sample平均值Mean樣本數目Sample$9999 or below66.215863.856566.2166$10,000-$19,99965.1010470.4211969.57116$20000-$29,99970.2010171.8910670.58104$30,000-$39,99971.647370

5、.137670.6083$40,000 or above72.9116572.8214273.29155(不包括無收入人士 excluding no income group) Is your financial situation better, worse, or about the same compared with last year?Happiness Index by Change of Financial SituationHappiness by Financial PressureWork and Happiness工作與快樂運動、戶外活動338文化藝術136游戲、賭搏、上

6、網101購物、行公司、上茶樓100陪伴家人84吃東西、烹飪66其他42我的工作40義工、教會活動33閱讀28沒有感興趣的活動21賺錢、投資8總回答人數81233.你最喜愛的活動，包括工作，是甚麼？（最多可選兩項）Happiness Index by the most favorite activity2009Happiness Index by Work PressureHappiness Index by the Satisfaction about Working EnvironmentHappiness Index by Weekly Working Hours其他因素Other Fac

7、tors22.請問是誰給你支持呢？(最多可選五個答案)Frequency家人301朋友98親戚9同事9教友9師長5同學4其他20總回答人數34823.一生中你最 感激的是誰？FrequencyValid Percent母親29638.1父親12916.6伴侶11815.2其他516.6子女344.4神334.2自己324.1兄弟姊妹233父母202.6朋友192.4師長131.7同事20.3教友10.1沒有最感激的人60.8Total777100你對政府目前的整體施政有多滿意? Score=4.85272不满意，其中107非常不满意308满意，其中72非常满意Happiness Index b

8、y Education Comparison of Happiness Index:Have you ever experienced poverty?Happiness Index by Degree of Religious Practice/FaithHappiness Index by Religion快樂方程式Happiness Formula= LIFEMeasures of prospective happiness 未來Disagree or agree (scale of 0 to 10)I meet everyday with excitement and joy 我以興奮

9、的心情迎接每一天 I do not usually worry about the future 我對未來並不憂慮 I expect to continue to learn more things in the rest of my life 我期待不斷學習 Measures of happiness in process 現在Disagree or agree (scale of 0 to 10)I enjoy my work/housework.我享受我的工作（包括家務） I enjoy the time with my family.我享受與家人相處的時間 I find much in

10、terest in my living. 我從生活中找到很多樂趣Measures of retrospective happiness 過去Disagree or agree ( scale of 0 to 10)Looking back, I am satisfied with the things done by me. 回首過去, 我滿意自己所做過的事 I have grown wiser because I am able to learn from my mistakes.我從錯誤中學到很多，智慧漸長Looking back, there is nothing regretable.

11、 回首過去, 沒有使我十分遺憾的事情Independent Variables: 快樂指數Coefficientt statisticConstant1.6967.194*未來組成部份 prospective happiness0.1644.528*現在組成部份 happiness in process0.3508.739*過去組成部份 retrospective happiness 0.2776.628*Dependent Variable: 快樂指數(max=10)快樂由人生三部份組成：現在， 過去， 未來 Regression Analysis (迴歸分析)* & * indicate

12、5% & 1% statistical significanceR bar square: 0.412 F-statistics: 185.136*统計上, 那個人生三部份對快樂指數影響較大?現在組成部份 過去組成部份 未來組成部份For someone with 10 for each of the 3 components, Happiness Index=1.70+1.64+3.50+2.77=9.61年齡Age21-2930-6060或以上(60 or above)Constant term1.483(2.914)*2.076(6.882)*1.000(1.542)未來組成部份 pro

13、spective happiness0.064(0.676)0.185(4.007)*0.132(1.597)現在組成部份 happiness in process0.350(3.908)*0.368(7.014)*0.313(3.300)*過去組成部份 retrospective happiness0.407(3.958)*0.185(3.499)*0.427(4.080)*R bar square(F-statistics)0.432(36.016)*0.386(107.308)*0.416(31.668)*Dependent Variable: 快樂指數(max=10) 按年齡劃分的廻歸

14、分析 Coefficient (t-statistics) * & * indicate 5% & 1% statistical significance年齡 Age21-2930-5960或以上(60 or above)全部樣本未來組成部分Prospective happiness5.86(143)6.20(517)6.28(151)6.15(811)現在組成部分Happiness in process6.65(141)7.33(519)7.28(146)7.20(806)過去組成部分Retrospective happiness5.85(143)6.60(514)6.84(145)6.51

15、(802)按年齡劃分, 不同快樂組成部分的平均得分(最低0分, 最高10分) mean (N)Happiness Formula 快樂方程式 : = L I F E L = LOVE 關愛I = INSIGHT 智慧F = FORTITUDE 堅毅E = ENGAGEMENT 行動Measures of Love 關愛 Disagree or agree ( scale of 0 to 10)I very much care for my family 我十分關心我的家人 My family members care for me very much 我的家人十分關心我Measures of

16、Insight 智慧Disagree or agree ( scale of 0 to 10)Success means doing the best I can, even if the outcome fails to impress others. 只要盡了自己的力量, 不論結果如何, 亦屬成功If I have acted in good conscience, then I do not care about how others think of me.只要光明磊落, 就不用理會別人如何評價自己 I am comfortable with myself and will not b

17、e troubled by my inadequacies.我接受我自己，不會因自己的不足而煩惱Measures of fortitude 堅毅Disagree or agree ( scale of 0 to 10)In the past, I would persist regardless of difficulties. 過去當我遇上挫折時, 都能堅持下去。In the future, I will persist regardless of difficulties. 將來我遇上挫折時, 一定會堅持下去。Measures of engagement 行動Disagree or agr

18、ee ( scale of 0 to 10)I strive for opportunities to learn and develop my potential.我爭取機會學習盡量發揮所長 I have clearly identified goals and purposes in life.我有清晰的人生目標 Regression Analysis (迴歸分析)Dependent Variable: 快樂指數(maximum 10)* & * indicate 5% and 1% statistical significance respectivelyIndependent Vari

19、ablesCoefficientt statisticConstant1.4764.942*關愛原素Love (0-10)0.1954.72*智慧原素 Insight (0-10)0.1663.952*堅毅原素 Fortitude(0-10)0.1874.564*行動原素 Engagement(0-10)0.1945.758*For 10 marks of each component, Happiness Index =1.48+1.95+1.66+1.87+1.94=8.9R bar square: 0.339 F statistics: 100.858*CoefficienttSig.(

20、Constant)2.264.6070Love index (0-10)0.1522.5890.01Insight index (0-10)0.0911.490.137Fortitude index (0-10)0.1241.9840.048Engagement index (0-10)0.2594.8830Financial stress (0-10)-0.055-1.9110.057Female (0 or 1)0.5263.5970Married (0 or 1)0.1370.8510.396Household income $9,999 (0 or 1)-0.662-2.3920.01

21、7Household income $40,000+ (0 or 1)0.2821.7590.08Regression Analysis of the Happiness Formula 2010Dependent variable: Happiness Index (Scale of 0 to 10) R bar square: 0.359F-statistics: 21.903* (*indicates 1% significance)CoefficienttSig.(Constant)2.2884.6710Love index (0-10)0.1652.8310.005Insight i

22、ndex (0-10)0.0771.2730.204Fortitude index (0-10)0.0961.5240.128Engagement index (0-10)0.2344.3630Financial stress (0-10)-0.061-2.0980.037Female (0 or 1)0.4963.4060.001Married (0 or 1)0.0860.5340.594Household income $9,999 (0 or 1)-0.726-2.5920.01Household income $40,000+ (0 or 1)0.2211.3730.171Volun

23、tary work participation (0-10)0.0782.5580.011Regression Analysis 2 of the Happiness Formula 2010Dependent variable: Happiness Index (Scale of 0 to 10) R bar square: 0.368F-statistics: 20.469* (*indicates 1% significance)CoefficienttSig.(Constant)2.0223.9520Love index (0-10)0.1662.8520.005Insight ind

24、ex (0-10)0.081.3260.186Fortitude index (0-10)0.0941.50.135Engagement index (0-10)0.2444.5410Financial stress (0-10)-0.06-2.0740.039Female (0 or 1)0.8393.4090.001Male x Married (0 or 1)0.3621.5980.111Female x Married (0 or 1)-0.162-0.7530.452Household income $9,999 (0 or 1)-0.725-2.5950.01Household i

25、ncome $40,000+ (0 or 1)0.2291.4280.154Voluntary work participation (0-10)0.0752.4640.014Regression Analysis 3 of the Happiness Formula 2010Dependent variable: Happiness Index (Scale of 0 to 10) R bar square: 0.371F-statistics: 18.993* (*indicates 1% significance)年齡Age21-2930-5960或以上60 or above全部樣本To

26、talMeanNMeanNMeanNMeanN關愛原素love7.611438.515178.521498.35809智慧原素wisdom6.541437.625167.931557.49814堅毅原素fortitude6.551437.425157.511497.28807行動原素engagement6.581436.905106.271446.73797Scores in different happiness formula elements across age 不同年齡組別在快樂方程式原素的得分比較教育程度Education小學或以下Primary or below中學Seconda

27、ry大專或以上Tertiary or above全部樣本AllmeanNMeanNMeanNMeanN關愛原素love8.711098.344018.222988.34808智慧原素wisdom7.951137.524007.333017.51814堅毅原素fortitude7.581107.213977.273017.28808行動原素engagement6.101026.653997.112956.75796Scores in different happiness formula elements across education不同教育程度在快樂方程式原素的得分比較年齡Age21-29

28、30-5960或以上60 or above全部樣本TotalPredicted HI by LIFE equation6.546(99.2%)7.127(100.0%)7.075(101.5%)7.015Actual mean HI by survey6.607.136.977.01Predictive Power on Happiness Index of LIFE equationLIFE方程式對快樂指數的預測能力LIFE equation:Happiness Index (HI) =1.476 + 0.195 x LOVE + 0.166 x INSIGHT + 0.187 x FORT

29、ITUDE + 0.194 X ENGAGEMENTIndex200820092010MeanNMeanNMeanNLove 7.64 801 7.67 806 8.35809Insight 6.75 809 7.10 737 7.49814Fortitude 6.99 790 6.89 693 7.28807Engagement 6.29 793 6.76 807 6.73797LIFE Scores in 2008, 2009 and 2010 SexMaleFemaleTotalMean N Mean N Mean N Love 20108.112998.485218.358202009

30、7.45 331 7.81 475 7.67 806 20087.403397.804627.63801Insight20107.302997.595267.4982520096.99311 7.18 426 7.10 737 20086.513396.924706.75809Fortitude20107.182987.335207.2881820096.53 278 7.14 415 6.89 693 20086.673347.214566.99790Engagement20106.472926.885166.7380820096.67 331 6.81 476 6.76 807 20086.15334